This document summarizes key principles of therapeutics in dentistry, including pharmacology basics like indications, contraindications, dose, and side effects. It discusses medication names, routes of drug administration, essential components of prescriptions, and Latin abbreviations commonly used. Key information covered includes Clark's Rule for calculating pediatric doses, factors to consider before prescribing drugs like interactions and patient factors, and legal responsibilities of the prescribing dentist.

1. Therapeutics in Dentistry (General Principles) Iyad Abou Rabii

2. 1991 MRes (Master of Research) PG Diploma Oral and Max-Fac Surgery Docteur of Dental Surgery 1993 1998 1998 2001 2004 2005 PG Certificat (General Pharmacology) PG Diploma (Pharmaceutical Engeneering) PhD(Dental Pharmacology) PG Certificat (Implant Dentistry) 2012 MSc (Medical Education)

3. Pharmacology Basics Indications Contra-indications 2

4. Pharmacology Basics Indications The reasons for administering a medication or performing a treatment Contra-indications A factor that prevents the use of a medication or treatment (eg. Allergies) 2

5. Pharmacology Basics Dose Mechanism of Action 3

6. Pharmacology Basics Dose The amount of a drug to be administered at one time Mechanism of Action How a drug works 3

7. Pharmacology Basics Effects Side Effects 4

8. Pharmacology Basics Effects The desired result of administration of a medication Side Effects Effects that are not desired and that occur in addition to the desired therapeutic effects 4

9. Medication Names Chemical Name Generic Name Trade Name Official Name 6

10. Medication Names Chemical Name describes the drug’s chemical structure Generic Name reflects the chemical name, but in shorter form Trade Name the name the manufacturer uses to market the drug Official Name the name used in the Pharmocopoeia 6

11. Routes of drug administration Enteral tract routes Parenteral routes

12. Comparison of Enteral vs. Parenteral Routes

13. Enteral Routes Oral (PO) Orogastric/nasogastric (OG/NG) Sublingual (SL) Buccal Rectal (PR)

14. Parenteral Routes Topical Intradermal Intranasal Subcutaneous (SC) Intramuscular (IM) Intravenous (IV) Endotracheal (ET) Sublingual injection Intracardiac (IC) Intraosseous Inhalational Umbilical Vaginal Pulpal

15. No single method of drug administration is ideal for all drugs in all circumstances Very Important Info!

16. What are the essential components of a drug prescription? Drug prescription

17. Essential Components of Prescriptions All written prescriptions should contain: Patient's full name and address Prescriber's full name, address, telephone number, Date of issuance Signature of prescriber Drug name, dose, dosage form, amount Directions for use Refill instructions

18. The Medication Order (Prescription) Medication desired Dose desired Administration route Administration rate

19. Before any Drug prescription Discuss with patient the possible consequences (god and bad) Prescribe drugs you know Keep updated (BNF, Vidal…others) Dose: consider age, physiology, and pathology Drug interactions

20. The Dentist is legally responsible for the signed prescription Prescription should be indelible, dated, with full name and address of the patient Age of patient should be mentioned when under 12. Use generic drugs when possible Prescribing

21. Don`t use abbreviations for the drug names. Define the quantity supplied Directions should be in English with no use of the abbreviations Prescribing

22. Prescribing When writing the dose Quantities of one gram is wrriten (1 g) Less than 1 g is written in milligrams (500 mg) Less than l mg should be written in microgram 100 microgram (not 0.1 mg) Nanogram and microgram should not be abbreviated

23. Clark’s Rule Clark's Rule Divide the child’s weight (in pounds) by 150 to get the approximate fraction of the adult dose to give to the child. Example: For a 50 pound child give 50/150 (or 1/3) of the adult dose. Therefore, if the adult dose is 30 drops taken 3 times per day, the child’s dose will be 10 drops taken 3 times per day (not 30 drops taken 1 time per day).

24. Essential Components of Prescriptions All written prescriptions should contain: Patient's full name and address Prescriber's full name, address, telephone number, Date of issuance Signature of prescriber Drug name, dose, dosage form, amount Directions for use Refill instructions

25. Essential Components of Prescriptions

26. Latin abbreviations Rx : abbreviation of the Latin word "recipe” x as a substitute period. # ac (ante cibum) means "before meals" # bid (bis in die) means "twice a day"

27. Latin abbreviations # po (per os) means "by mouth" # pc (post cibum) means "after meals" # prn (pro re nata) means "as needed"

28. Latin abbreviations # q 3 h (quaque 3 hora) means "every 3 hours" # qd (quaque die) means "every day" # qid (quater in die) means "4 times a day"

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