This document discusses various topics related to dental pharmacology including:
- Oral hygiene products like dentifrices, mouthwashes, and bleaching agents
- Obtundents that are used to reduce dental sensitivity during procedures
- Mummifying agents that are used to dry out pulp tissue in root canals
- Antibiotics like tetracyclines that are commonly used to treat periodontal diseases due to their anti-inflammatory effects
The document provides details on the ingredients, mechanisms of action, and ideal properties of these various dental drugs and preparations.
The Chandler dentists at Shumway Dental Care will make sure you have a healthy mouth and a beautiful smile. Whether you need cosmetic dentistry, bridges or crowns, or just a checkup, their staff will make sure your visit is comfortable. Visit http://www.mychandlerdentists.com/
3150 S Gilbert Rd Suite 1
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(480) 659-7800
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This easy and fresh lecture explain to undergraduate and newly-graduated dentists an important topic in dentistry, pain-relievers. Analgesics are used very often in dentistry and a clinical guide seems necessary.
The Chandler dentists at Shumway Dental Care will make sure you have a healthy mouth and a beautiful smile. Whether you need cosmetic dentistry, bridges or crowns, or just a checkup, their staff will make sure your visit is comfortable. Visit http://www.mychandlerdentists.com/
3150 S Gilbert Rd Suite 1
Chandler, AZ 85286
(480) 659-7800
shumwaydentalcare@gmail.com
This easy and fresh lecture explain to undergraduate and newly-graduated dentists an important topic in dentistry, pain-relievers. Analgesics are used very often in dentistry and a clinical guide seems necessary.
Obtudent, mummifying agents and disclosing agentbibi umeza
overview of obtudent, mummifying agents and disclosing agent with detailed information on their pharmacological action, mechanism, uses and adverse effect for both medical and dental students.
This comprehensive lecture explain the basic antiviral, antifungal, and steroid medications used commonly to treat oral conditions. It is directed to the level of mind of undergraduate dentist
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The content narrates about commercially available disclosing agents for the detection of dental plaque. It holds its significance from both clinician and patient viewpoint, especially in reinforcing oral hygiene measures and early detection of inflammatory changes in the gums.
Obtudent, mummifying agents and disclosing agentbibi umeza
overview of obtudent, mummifying agents and disclosing agent with detailed information on their pharmacological action, mechanism, uses and adverse effect for both medical and dental students.
This comprehensive lecture explain the basic antiviral, antifungal, and steroid medications used commonly to treat oral conditions. It is directed to the level of mind of undergraduate dentist
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The content narrates about commercially available disclosing agents for the detection of dental plaque. It holds its significance from both clinician and patient viewpoint, especially in reinforcing oral hygiene measures and early detection of inflammatory changes in the gums.
Dental product is a topic of Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry,for B.Pharmacy First year students.
this ppt is presented with the aim to enable with students to easily grasp unfamiliar,unacquainted & seemingly complicated concepts of Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry so that it helps them to kindle their interest in the subject.
Prepared by,
Ms. Megha M. Muley
Assistant Professor
This slide contains the details from topic, "Dental Product", B.Pharm 1st Semester, Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry.
Dental Product
Desensitizing Agent
Dental Caries
Dentifrices
Role of Fluoride
commercial toothpaste (plaque control methods)
types
composition
current status of commercial toothpaste in India
presented by: ALIYA Z.RAZA ,final year BDS, M.A.Rangoonwala dental college.
Dental products describe idea about Variety of inorganic compounds used in dentistry compounds such as Calcium carbonate, Sodium
fluoride, Denture cleaners, Denture adhesives, Mouth
washes, etc.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
2. July 26, 2013 2
Dental PharmacologyDental Pharmacology
Oral HygieneOral Hygiene
ObtudentsObtudents
Mummifying agentsMummifying agents
Drugs used for cavity toilets &Drugs used for cavity toilets &
periodontal diseaseperiodontal disease
3. July 26, 2013 3
Oral hygieneOral hygiene
Oral hygiene means care of oral mucousOral hygiene means care of oral mucous
membrane & teeth it includesmembrane & teeth it includes
a)a) SialagougeSialagouge
b)b) DentrifricesDentrifrices
c)c) Mouth washesMouth washes
d)d) Bleaching agentsBleaching agents
4. July 26, 2013 4
SialagougeSialagouge
It increases the salivary secretion, itIt increases the salivary secretion, it
includesincludes
1.1. BitterBitter
2.2. Autonomic Cholinergic drugsAutonomic Cholinergic drugs
3.3. Autonomic Ganglion blocking drugsAutonomic Ganglion blocking drugs
4.4. Stimulant substancesStimulant substances
5. July 26, 2013 5
DentrifricesDentrifrices
Therapeutic mechanicalTherapeutic mechanical aids meant foraids meant for
cleansing the teeth with the help of acleansing the teeth with the help of a
brush.brush.
Available as toothAvailable as tooth powderpowder or toothor tooth
pastepaste,,
IdealIdeal tooth paste or powder contains thetooth paste or powder contains the
following ingredients.following ingredients.
1.1. Abrasive agentsAbrasive agents
2.2. DetergentsDetergents
3.3. AntisepticsAntiseptics
4.4. Sweetening agentsSweetening agents
6. July 26, 2013 6
Abrasive agentsAbrasive agents
Dental abrasives areDental abrasives are fine powderfine powder
preparationspreparations
They are used,They are used,
1.1. to help the scouring action of tooth brushto help the scouring action of tooth brush
mechanically andmechanically and
2.2. for cleaning, polishing and filling the teethfor cleaning, polishing and filling the teeth
Most commonly used dental abrasives areMost commonly used dental abrasives are
pumicepumice andand precipitated calciumprecipitated calcium
carbonate.carbonate.
7. July 26, 2013 7
Abrasives (contd….)Abrasives (contd….)
PumicePumice consists of silicates of aluminum,consists of silicates of aluminum,
potassium and sodium.potassium and sodium.
To polish, fill and clean teeth pumice withTo polish, fill and clean teeth pumice with
glycerin is employed.glycerin is employed.
Precipitated calcium carbonatePrecipitated calcium carbonate is a mildis a mild
abrasive which is employed to give theabrasive which is employed to give the
final polish to silver amalgam fillings. It isfinal polish to silver amalgam fillings. It is
also used to prepare tooth paste and toothalso used to prepare tooth paste and tooth
powderspowders
8. July 26, 2013 8
DetergentsDetergents
These are cleaning agents.These are cleaning agents.
Sodium bicarbonateSodium bicarbonate: it is mild alkali, acts by: it is mild alkali, acts by
dissolving proteinsdissolving proteins
Hydrogen PeroxideHydrogen Peroxide: acts by liberating oxygen: acts by liberating oxygen
Hard SoapsHard Soaps::
act by dissolving fatty substances mucous plaques andact by dissolving fatty substances mucous plaques and
lowering surface tension.lowering surface tension.
causes loosening of debris adhering to teethcauses loosening of debris adhering to teeth
acts as lubricants when scrubbed over the teeth and gumsacts as lubricants when scrubbed over the teeth and gums
proportion in most tooth paste varies from 5 – 25%.proportion in most tooth paste varies from 5 – 25%.
9. July 26, 2013 9
AntisepticsAntiseptics
Value is limitedValue is limited
Volatile Oils:Volatile Oils: Thymol,Thymol, MentholMenthol,, EugenolEugenol,,
CinnamonCinnamon up to 1%up to 1%
10. July 26, 2013 10
Sweetening AgentsSweetening Agents
SaccharineSaccharine commonly usedcommonly used
Other agents:Other agents: SucroseSucrose andand LactoseLactose
Sucrose causes less fermentation.Sucrose causes less fermentation.
11. July 26, 2013 11
Coloring AgentsColoring Agents
Make preparations more attractive andMake preparations more attractive and
acceptableacceptable
Red colorRed color: Azorubri, Liquor rubri, liquor: Azorubri, Liquor rubri, liquor
caramini or tincture coci.caramini or tincture coci.
Blue colorBlue color: Methylene Blue.: Methylene Blue.
12. July 26, 2013 12
Dentrifrices-Ideal dentrificeDentrifrices-Ideal dentrifice
An Ideal preparation should beAn Ideal preparation should be
Non-causticNon-caustic to the mucous membraneto the mucous membrane
Non-decalcifyingNon-decalcifying and non-over abrasive to the teethand non-over abrasive to the teeth
Non-poisonousNon-poisonous to the body as a wholeto the body as a whole
Not inhibit the secretionNot inhibit the secretion and alter the reaction ofand alter the reaction of
salivasaliva
NotNot destroydestroy the ferments of salivathe ferments of saliva
Have pleasantHave pleasant taste,taste, odorodor andand consistencyconsistency
Have sufficient cleaning action.Have sufficient cleaning action.
13. July 26, 2013 13
MOUTH WASHMOUTH WASH
These are mechanical agents used forThese are mechanical agents used for
gargles.gargles.
Types:Types:
Therapeutic:Therapeutic: to reduce plaque, gingivitis,to reduce plaque, gingivitis,
dental caries and stomatitis.dental caries and stomatitis.
Cosmetic:Cosmetic: are used to reduce bad breathare used to reduce bad breath
14. July 26, 2013 14
THERAPEUTIC MOUTH WASHTHERAPEUTIC MOUTH WASH
HYDROCORTISONE,HYDROCORTISONE,
NYSTATIN,NYSTATIN,
ANTIHISTAMINE ANDANTIHISTAMINE AND
TETRACYCLINETETRACYCLINE
StomatitsStomatits
PilocarpinePilocarpine xerostomaxerostoma
Tranexamic acidTranexamic acid prevention of bleedingprevention of bleeding
after oral surgeryafter oral surgery
Amphotericin BAmphotericin B oral candidiasisoral candidiasis
Chlorhexidine gluconateChlorhexidine gluconate plaque controlplaque control
15. July 26, 2013 15
TypesTypes
1.1. AntisepticsAntiseptics: H: H22OO22, KMnO, KMnO44, Phenol and, Phenol and
KClOKClO33, Thymol, Menthol and, Thymol, Menthol and
Sodiumpercholate.Sodiumpercholate.
2.2. AstringentAstringent: ZnO: ZnO22, Alcohol and ZnCl. These, Alcohol and ZnCl. These
make a protective layer over the mucosa ofmake a protective layer over the mucosa of
oral cavity.oral cavity.
3.3. DemulcentDemulcent:: Glycerin, liquoron. They form aGlycerin, liquoron. They form a
protective layer and prevent attack ofprotective layer and prevent attack of
bacteria.bacteria.
16. July 26, 2013 16
Moth wash (contd…)Moth wash (contd…)
Generally they contain four groups ofGenerally they contain four groups of
excipients:excipients:
AlcoholsAlcohols: used as solublizing agent for some: used as solublizing agent for some
flavoring agents as well as preservatives.flavoring agents as well as preservatives.
SurfactantsSurfactants: used to reduce debris by providing: used to reduce debris by providing
foaming agentsfoaming agents
FlavorsFlavors
Coloring agentsColoring agents
17. July 26, 2013 17
Ideal Mouth washIdeal Mouth wash
Non-causticNon-caustic to the mucous membraneto the mucous membrane
Non-decalcifyingNon-decalcifying and non-over abrasive to theand non-over abrasive to the
teethteeth
Non-poisonousNon-poisonous to the body as a wholeto the body as a whole
Not inhibit the secretionNot inhibit the secretion and alter the reactionand alter the reaction
of salivaof saliva
NotNot destroydestroy the ferments of salivathe ferments of saliva
Have pleasant taste, odor and consistencyHave pleasant taste, odor and consistency
Have sufficient cleaning actionHave sufficient cleaning action
18. July 26, 2013 18
BLEACHING AGENTSBLEACHING AGENTS
They remove the coloring pigments from theThey remove the coloring pigments from the
teeth and these are,teeth and these are,
1.1. Oxidizing AgentsOxidizing Agents: like perhydrol, pyrozone, sodium: like perhydrol, pyrozone, sodium
peroxide hyderogenperoxide.peroxide hyderogenperoxide.
2.2. Chlorinating AgentsChlorinating Agents: like chlorinated Soda lime.: like chlorinated Soda lime.
3.3. Reducing AgentsReducing Agents: like Sodiumthiosulphate.: like Sodiumthiosulphate.
Boric acid, Sodiumthiosulphate and chlorinatedBoric acid, Sodiumthiosulphate and chlorinated
soda lime are packed in the oral cavity insoda lime are packed in the oral cavity in
powder form and to hasten the evolution ofpowder form and to hasten the evolution of
chlorine drop of acetic acid is used.chlorine drop of acetic acid is used.
19. July 26, 2013 19
Special StainsSpecial Stains
StainStain
Bleaching agentBleaching agent
usedused
Iodine stainsIodine stains
Weak ammonia orWeak ammonia or
Sodium thiosulphateSodium thiosulphate
solution.solution.
Silver stainsSilver stains
Hypochlorite or IodineHypochlorite or Iodine
solutionsolution
Iron stainsIron stains HypochloriteHypochlorite
Stains of manyStains of many
daysdays
Chlorinated lime andChlorinated lime and
Acetic acidAcetic acid
20. July 26, 2013 20
OBTUDENTSOBTUDENTS
Agents used toAgents used to diminish the dentinediminish the dentine
sensitivitysensitivity so that excavation may becomeso that excavation may become
painlesspainless..
Classification is according to mode of action.Classification is according to mode of action.
1.1. By paralyzing sensory nerve endingsBy paralyzing sensory nerve endings: Phenols,: Phenols,
Camphor, Thymol, Clove oil & Alcohol.Camphor, Thymol, Clove oil & Alcohol.
2.2. By precipitating proteinBy precipitating protein: Silver nitrate and Zinc: Silver nitrate and Zinc
chloride.chloride.
3.3. By destruction of nerve tissueBy destruction of nerve tissue: Alcohol 70%.: Alcohol 70%.
At present the use of obtundents has declinedAt present the use of obtundents has declined
due to the availability of local anesthetics (e.g.due to the availability of local anesthetics (e.g.
xylocainexylocaine))
21. July 26, 2013 21
Properties of good ObtudentsProperties of good Obtudents
Should not produce any irritation or pain.Should not produce any irritation or pain.
Should not stain the denture.Should not stain the denture.
Should penetrate the dentine sufficientlyShould penetrate the dentine sufficiently
to remove the sensitivity.to remove the sensitivity.
CLOVE OIL is an ideal obtudentCLOVE OIL is an ideal obtudent
22. July 26, 2013 22
Draw backsDraw backs
Irritative agents may cause the formationIrritative agents may cause the formation
of secondary dentine If applied for longof secondary dentine If applied for long
periods.periods.
The pulp may shrinkThe pulp may shrink
23. July 26, 2013 23
MUMMIFYING AGENTSMUMMIFYING AGENTS
Used toUsed to harden & dryharden & dry the tissue of pulp andthe tissue of pulp and
root canal so that tissue may maintain anroot canal so that tissue may maintain an
asepticaseptic conditions resistant to infection,conditions resistant to infection,
especially in cases where it is impossible toespecially in cases where it is impossible to
remove the pulp and contents of the root canalremove the pulp and contents of the root canal
completely.completely.
To accomplish the desired goal more than oneTo accomplish the desired goal more than one
drug will be employed in the form of a paste.drug will be employed in the form of a paste.
Mainly Astringents and antiseptics are used inMainly Astringents and antiseptics are used in
the form of paste.the form of paste.
ParaformParaform,, Liquor formaldehydeLiquor formaldehyde,, CresolCresol,,
Amino-silver nitrateAmino-silver nitrate andand IodoformIodoform, T, Tannicannic
AcidAcid can also be used.can also be used.
24. July 26, 2013 24
Peridontal DiseasesPeridontal Diseases
Peridontal disease can refer to any conditionPeridontal disease can refer to any condition
that affects thethat affects the gums and other structuresgums and other structures
supporting the teethsupporting the teeth..
The most common forms of periodontal diseaseThe most common forms of periodontal disease
are caused byare caused by bacterial infectionsbacterial infections..
The mildest form of infection isThe mildest form of infection is gingivitisgingivitis, which, which
affects only the gums.affects only the gums.
More severe disease damages the otherMore severe disease damages the other
supporting structures of the tooth. This can leadsupporting structures of the tooth. This can lead
toto tooth losstooth loss..
26. July 26, 2013 26
Peridontal Diseases- AntibioticsPeridontal Diseases- Antibiotics
Tetracycline antibiotics, which includeTetracycline antibiotics, which include
tetracycline hydrochloridetetracycline hydrochloride,, doxycyclinedoxycycline, and, and
minocyclineminocycline, are the primary agents used., are the primary agents used.
They not only have anti-bacterial actions, butThey not only have anti-bacterial actions, but
also, theyalso, they reduce inflammationreduce inflammation and help blockand help block
collagenasescollagenases, even in low doses., even in low doses.
In fact, it is theseIn fact, it is these two actionstwo actions, rather than their, rather than their
antibacterial properties, which seem toantibacterial properties, which seem to
contribute most to periodontal protectioncontribute most to periodontal protection
27. July 26, 2013 27
Peridontal Diseases- AntibioticsPeridontal Diseases- Antibiotics
MacrolideMacrolide antibiotics (e.g.,antibiotics (e.g., roxithromycinroxithromycin).).
QuinoloneQuinolone antibiotics (e.g.,antibiotics (e.g., moxifloxacin,moxifloxacin,
ciprofloxacinciprofloxacin) may specifically target) may specifically target A.A.
actinomycetemcomitansactinomycetemcomitans, an important bacteria, an important bacteria
in periodontal disease.in periodontal disease.
MetronidazoleMetronidazole in combination with tetracyclinein combination with tetracycline
or amoxicillin. Such combinations may be usedor amoxicillin. Such combinations may be used
for severe and chronic periodontal disease.for severe and chronic periodontal disease.
28. July 26, 2013 28
ROOT CANAL THERAPY
(RCT)
It is the treatment of non vital tooth in
which pulp is damaged & exposed due to
trauma injury or caries. In this pulp is
removed & canal is sealed with suitable
drugs.
July 26, 2013 28
29. July 26, 2013 29July 26, 2013 29
Pulp tissue dies due to caustic drugs or infection
Necrosis -> Gangrene -> Putrefaction
tissues liquefied and gas often evolves,
the gangrene spreads rapidly involving the whole pulp
If pulp cavity is not opened the increased pressure in pulp chamber may force
bacteria through the apical foramen where they will cause the
peridontitis or alveolar abbesses
30. July 26, 2013 30
STEPS FOR CARRAYING RCT
Removal of micro organism form the
cavity
Use of obtudent
Use of mummifying agents
Use of filling material
Prophylaxis
July 26, 2013 30
31. July 26, 2013 31
REMOVAL OF MICROORGANISM FROM PULP CAVITY
For this patient must take antibiotic course
pirior to pulpectomy cavity. Drugs of
choice are penicillin, sulphonamide these
are used to prevent the growth of
microorganism, reduces pain & irritation &
stimulates perapical repair H2O2 is also
used it is an antiseptic but not potent one.
July 26, 2013 31
32. July 26, 2013 32
ANTISEPTIC USED TO STERILIZE ROOT
CANAL
The ideal drug used for root canal therapy
should.
Germicidal to all organism
Rapidly effective
Capable of deep penetration
Effective in presence of organic matter
Non injurious to peripecial tissues
Non staining to the teeth
July 26, 2013 32
33. July 26, 2013 33
THE PHENOL GROUP
Beech wood, cresol, tricresol, cresatine,
paramonochlorphenol,
paramonochlorophenol is dissolved in
portion of three part with 7 parts of
camphor.
July 26, 2013 33
34. July 26, 2013 34
POLYANTIBOTIC PASTES
POLYANTIBIOTIC PASTE
Consist of penicillin bacteriacin chlorophenicol,
strephtomycin & sodium caprylate.
The antibiotic used are sulfonamide used are
baetercostatic, Penicillin alone or combination of
penciling & Streptomycin have limited effects on the
organism of root canal so the polyantibiotic pastes was
introduced in 1955 by Grossman this paste contain many
antibiotics. It consists of
July 26, 2013 34
35. July 26, 2013 35
10,0000 units of Penicillin G (Effective against gram +ve organism
)
10000 units of bacteriacim Effective against gram +ve organism
RESISTANCE TO PENCILLIN
1 G of Streptomycin Effective against gram +ve organism
1 G of Sodium Caprylate destroy fungi
3 cc D. C fluid silican
A similar paste supplied by the Boots drug
comp
Penicillin G. 0.2 mega units
Streptomycin 0.2 mega unitsJuly 26, 2013 35
36. July 26, 2013 36
Chloromphenicol 0.2 g
Sodium capryltate 0.2 g
Silicon DC 200.6 millions
July 26, 2013 36
37. July 26, 2013 37
QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUND
Compounds such as certimide non injurious to tissues
act in the presence of organism
Monaern is active against gram –ve & gram +ve bacteria
but not against ps pyocyanus slight active aginst candida
cetrimide belongs to quaternary ammonium compound,
detergent active ataisnt gram –ve the & gram +ve
organism as well as ps pyocyanus but it has only limited
effect on Candida.
July 26, 2013 37
38. July 26, 2013 38July 26, 2013 38
HALOGEN DERIVATIVES
There are two salts of
(a)Chloramine
(b)Chloramide in a strength of 1 in 125.
39. July 26, 2013 39
Root Canal Filling Materials
Root Canal filling material should be aseptic, non-irritant
and able to seal the apex of the root, the dentine
foramina and tubules
They act as firm barrier against moisture, and bacteria.
They are
Permanent filling e.g Gold, silver, copper amalgam
Semi permanent filling e.g cements composits
Temporary filling e.g gutta-percha points, calium
hydroxide cements
40. July 26, 2013 40
Root Canal Filling MaterialsRoot Canal Filling Materials
Root Canal filling material should beRoot Canal filling material should be
aseptic, non-irritant and able to sealaseptic, non-irritant and able to seal
the apex of the root, the dentinethe apex of the root, the dentine
foramina and tubulesforamina and tubules
They act as firm barrier againstThey act as firm barrier against
moisture, and bacteria.moisture, and bacteria.
41. July 26, 2013 41
Prophylaxis
Stanous flouride 80% after every six
months to avoide formation of caries
Fissure sealents applied on over the
occlusal surface to prevent food particals
ot an other narcotic material into
dangerous zone.
42. July 26, 2013 42
Drugs for local haemostasisDrugs for local haemostasis
StypticsStyptics:: These are local haemostaticThese are local haemostatic
agents.agents.
The preparation used is,The preparation used is,
1.1. Human FibrinogenHuman Fibrinogen
2.2. Human fibrin foamHuman fibrin foam
3.3. Human Thrombin.Human Thrombin.
AdrenalineAdrenaline 1:1000 parts, a1:1000 parts, a
vasoconstrictor can be used locally.vasoconstrictor can be used locally.
43. July 26, 2013 43
DRUGS USED FOR CAVITYDRUGS USED FOR CAVITY
TOILETTOILET
Alcohol, HAlcohol, H22S and Tricresol.S and Tricresol.
HH22S is an oxidizing agent and hasS is an oxidizing agent and has
antiseptic properties.antiseptic properties.
Not a very strong antiseptic as it liberatesNot a very strong antiseptic as it liberates
OO22 very quickly.very quickly.
But it inhibits the growth of anaerobicBut it inhibits the growth of anaerobic
bacteria.bacteria.
44. July 26, 2013 44
AlcoholAlcohol
Distinct smell and burning taste.Distinct smell and burning taste.
Ethyl AlcoholEthyl Alcohol, 70% solution is used for, 70% solution is used for
dental procedures.dental procedures.
It penetrates rapidly but not deeply and isIt penetrates rapidly but not deeply and is
not toxic to pulp.not toxic to pulp.
It acts by precipitating protein in the dentalIt acts by precipitating protein in the dental
tubule.tubule.
Benzyl alcoholBenzyl alcohol can also be used alone orcan also be used alone or
with Chloroform and Ethyl Alcohol , in ratiowith Chloroform and Ethyl Alcohol , in ratio
5:3:2.5:3:2.
Editor's Notes
Pulp tissue may die from the action of caustic drugs or from infection associate with caries. At first there is necrosis means local death of cells soon followed by gangrene where puterificaiotn is added to necrosis. When gangrene sets in there is a rapid break down of the dead tissue by puterifcation bacteria & foul smelling nitrogenous substanes. The tissues are liquefied and gas is often evolved the gangrene spreads rapidly without a line of demaraction and very soon the whole pulp is involved. If pulp cavity is not opened the increased pressure in pulp chamber may force bacteria through the apical foramen where they will cause the peridontitis or alveolar abbesses if they are violent or numerous.