This document discusses various theories of disease causation including the germ theory, epidemiological triad, multifactorial causation theory, and web of causation. It also covers the Devers epidemiological model and describes the spectrum and iceberg models of disease. Factors that influence health are categorized as human biology, lifestyle, environment, and the health system. The role of nurses in disease prevention includes participation in diagnosis, treatment, notification, identification of infection sources, and providing health education.
it is a short and essential details regarding levels of prevention in Community health Nursing.and this ppt is most important for Nurses especially for post basic B.S.Sc.nursing students , because all criteria of power point presentation are followed in this ppt file.please like , share and improve your knowledge.thank you...
it is a short and essential details regarding levels of prevention in Community health Nursing.and this ppt is most important for Nurses especially for post basic B.S.Sc.nursing students , because all criteria of power point presentation are followed in this ppt file.please like , share and improve your knowledge.thank you...
EBP is a systemic interconnecting of scientifically generated evidence with the tacit knowledge of the expert practitioner to achieve a change in a particular practice for the benefit of a well-defined client/ patient group.
Intensive insulin therapy is best defined as a comprehensive system of diabetes management with the patient and management team as partners. The system is directed at improvement of glycemia and patient well-being.
Pediatric IV cannulation is insertion of cannula into the vein for the purpose of administering medications / Infusion therapy / Transfusion of blood and its products /Nutrition to childrens
Development over the centuries of Human Civilization concepts of disease causation remained transforming and still not reached the perfection.
Pre-modern era theories of Disease causation: Religions often attributed disease outbreaks or other misfortunes to divine retribution - punishment for mankind's sins.
and imbalance among four vital "humors“ within us. Hippocrates; Yellow Bile, Black Bile, Phlegm and Blood
Miasma Theory: 500 BC Miasmas are poisonous emanations from putrefying carcasses, vegetables, molds and also the invisible particles. This theory led to explanation of several outbreaks of cholera, plague and malaria (Mal-aria= bad air).
Fracastoro's contagion theory of disease (1546)
Germ theory: Louis Pasteur , Lister and others introduced the germ theory in 1878. In 1890 Robert Koch proposed specific criteria that should be met before concluding that a disease was caused by a particular bacterium. Only single germ is responsible for causation of a specific disease.
Webs of Causation: Epidemiological concept
EBP is a systemic interconnecting of scientifically generated evidence with the tacit knowledge of the expert practitioner to achieve a change in a particular practice for the benefit of a well-defined client/ patient group.
Intensive insulin therapy is best defined as a comprehensive system of diabetes management with the patient and management team as partners. The system is directed at improvement of glycemia and patient well-being.
Pediatric IV cannulation is insertion of cannula into the vein for the purpose of administering medications / Infusion therapy / Transfusion of blood and its products /Nutrition to childrens
Development over the centuries of Human Civilization concepts of disease causation remained transforming and still not reached the perfection.
Pre-modern era theories of Disease causation: Religions often attributed disease outbreaks or other misfortunes to divine retribution - punishment for mankind's sins.
and imbalance among four vital "humors“ within us. Hippocrates; Yellow Bile, Black Bile, Phlegm and Blood
Miasma Theory: 500 BC Miasmas are poisonous emanations from putrefying carcasses, vegetables, molds and also the invisible particles. This theory led to explanation of several outbreaks of cholera, plague and malaria (Mal-aria= bad air).
Fracastoro's contagion theory of disease (1546)
Germ theory: Louis Pasteur , Lister and others introduced the germ theory in 1878. In 1890 Robert Koch proposed specific criteria that should be met before concluding that a disease was caused by a particular bacterium. Only single germ is responsible for causation of a specific disease.
Webs of Causation: Epidemiological concept
discussion on Health Economics and Health Care in our country and abroad, and what resources are given by the private sectors and with the very scarce help from the DOH, national and local government, and from the support given by WHO.
2. unit no iii dynamic of disease, Community Health NursingSANJAY SIR
it is uploaded to help medics, paramedics and nursing educators to teach their students about dynamic of disease. it also help to create awareness in general people about it.
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
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The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
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• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
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Theories of disease causation..ppt
1. Theories of disease causation
Presented by:
Monika sharma
M.Sc. Nursing 1st year
2. INTRODUCTION
Disease is a dynamic process and it is just opposite to
the health. Health denotes perfect harmony and normal
functioning of all the body system or state of complete
wellness whereas disease denotes disharmony and
deviation from normal functioning of various body
functioning system.
3. DEFINITION OF DISEASE:
According to webster ,
“disease is a condition in which
body health is impaired, a departure from state of
health, an alteration of human body function and
interrupting the performance of vital function".
4. CONT…
According to oxford English dictionary ,”disease is a
condition of body or some part of body or organ of
body in which its function are disrupted”.
OR
According to ecological point of view, “ disease is a
maladjustment of the human organism to the
environment”
6. CONT…
Before the discovery of micro-organism (bacteria
by loies pasture in 1822-1895)several theories
explaning the cause of disease were put forward
time to time
7. germ theory
epidemiological triad
multifactorial causation theory
web of causation
devers epidemiological model
8.
9. THE GERM THEORY:
According to this theory, there is one single specific
cause of every disease. This refers to one to one
relationship between the causative agent and
disease.
10. CAUSATIVE AGENT MAN DISEASE
CAUSE EFFECT
(FOR EX..DIPTHERIA DUE TO CORNEBACYERIUM
DIPTHERIA)
11. THEORY OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRIAD :
According to this theory, every one exposed to
disease agent did not contract the disease. This
means it is not only the causative agent that is
responsible for disease but there are another factors
also ,related to man and environment which
contribute to disease.
18. MULTIFACTORIAL CAUSATIONTHEORY:
Epidemiological theory is not applicable for non
infectious and chronic diseases like coronary artery
diseases etc. because it has many causes or multiple
factors.
This theory helps to understand the various
associated causative factors, prioitise and plan
preventive and plan measures to control the disease.
20. WEB OF CAUSATION
Given by macmohan and pugh.
according to him
disease never depends upon single isolated cause
rather it develops from a chain of causation in
which each link itself is a result of complex
interaction of preceding events these chain of
causation which may be the fraction of the whole
complex is known as web of causation.
21.
22. DEVERS EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MODEL
This model is composed of four major categories of
factors
human biology
lifestyle,
environment and
health system.
23. CONT….
all these factors influence health status
positively or negatively.
Human biological --- epidemiological triad and
include genetic inheritance, complex physiological
systems, factors related to maturation and ageing
Life style factors include daily living activities,
customs, traditions, health habits etc
24. CONT…
. Environmental factors include physical,
biological, social and spiritual components
Health care system factors include availability,
accessibility, adequacy and use of health care
services at all levels.
25. SPECTRUM OF DISEASE:
“Spectrum of disease” is the graphical
representation of variation in the manifestations
of disease.
26. CONT…
At one end of disease spectrum are subclinical
infections which are not ordinarily identified and
at the other end are fatal illness.. In the middle of
the spectrum lie illness ranging in severity from
mild to severe.
27. ICEBERG OF DISEASE:
To this the disease can be closely related with an
iceberg. The floating tip of the iceberg represents
what the physician sees in the community i.e.
clinical cases.
28. CONT…
The vast submerge portion of the iceberg
represents the hidden mass of disease i.e. latent,
unapparent, presymptomatic and undiagnosed
cases and carrier in the community. he waterline
represents the demarcation between apparent and
unapparent diseases
29.
30.
31. ROLE OF NURSE IN PREVENTION OF DISEASE:
participate in early diagnosis and treatment.
notification of certain specific diseases.
identify source of infection and method of spread.
health education of people in general.
control of communicable diseases .
32.
33. SUMMARIZATION:
Introduction
Definition of disease
Various theories of disease causation
- germ theory
-epidemiological triad
- multifactorial causation theory
-web of causation
34. CONT…
- deversepidimiological model
Role of nurse in disease prevention
Spectrum of disease
Iceberg of disease
35.
36.
37. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Gulani k.k.community health nursing.2009(new
delhi):kumar publishing house.21-23
Park k .preventive and socialmedicine. 2007(New
Delhi):banarsidas bhanot.24-28