The document discusses the theory of demand and supply. It defines key concepts like demand, supply, equilibrium, and determinants. It explains the laws of demand and supply - that quantity demanded increases when price decreases and quantity supplied increases when price increases. The document also discusses how shifts in demand or supply curves impact equilibrium price and quantity in the market.
The Market Of Supply and Demand - EconomicsFaHaD .H. NooR
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This is a presentation on market structure - topic of Economics -
It includes:
What is Market?
What is market structure?
Characteristics of Market
Classification of Market
1)Area or region
2)Time
3)Functions
4)nature of Commodity
5)Legality
Types of Market structure
characteristics of all market structures
This can be useful for BBA student of 1st year.
The Market Of Supply and Demand - EconomicsFaHaD .H. NooR
demand and supply
demand and supply curve
demand and supply graph
market force
market forces economics
market research
marketing force
supply and demand curve
supply and demand graph
supply chain management pdf
supply demand
supply demand curve
supply demand SlideShare
This is a presentation on market structure - topic of Economics -
It includes:
What is Market?
What is market structure?
Characteristics of Market
Classification of Market
1)Area or region
2)Time
3)Functions
4)nature of Commodity
5)Legality
Types of Market structure
characteristics of all market structures
This can be useful for BBA student of 1st year.
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Demand Supply analysis...Explanations for Law of Demand Degree of scarcity of one good relative to another helps determine each good’s relative price Definition of demand includes the “other things constant” assumption Among the “other things” are the prices of other goods Substitution Effect When the price of a good falls, its relative price makes consumers more willing to purchase this good When the price of a good increases, its relative price makes consumers less willing to purchase this good Changes in the relative prices – the price of one good compared to the prices of other goods – causes the substitution effect…you substitute toward the less expensive good.
Demand supply analysis...
Explanations for Law of Demand Degree of scarcity of one good relative to another helps determine each good’s relative price Definition of demand includes the “other things constant” assumption Among the “other things” are the prices of other goods Substitution Effect When the price of a good falls, its relative price makes consumers more willing to purchase this good When the price of a good increases, its relative price makes consumers less willing to purchase this good Changes in the relative prices – the price of one good compared to the prices of other goods – causes the substitution effect…you substitute toward the less expensive good.
The theory of price, also known as price theory, is a microeconomic principle that uses the concept of supply and demand to determine the appropriate price point for a good or service. The goal is to achieve equilibrium in which the quantities of goods or services provided match the corresponding market's desire and ability to acquire the good or service. The concept allows for price adjustments as market conditions change.
What is Demand?
Diff. bet Demand and quantity demand
Types of demand - Individual and Market
What is the Law of Demand?
Assumptions of Law of Demand
Why demand curve sloping downward?
Reasons for inverse relationship
Determinents of Demand
What is Band Wagon & Snob effect
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1. The Theory of
Demand and Supply
Prepared By:
Zehra Hasan
Sahar Zaidi
Vineta Dastor
2. Objectives
The Concept of Market
Definition of Demand
Demand Schedule and Demand Curve
Law of Demand
Assumptions and limitations of the law
Determinants of Demand
Reasons for Downward Sloping of the Demand Curve
Change in Quantity Demanded vs. Change in Demand/Movement Along the Demand
Curve and Shifting of the Demand Curve
Definition of Supply
The Difference Between Supply and Stock
Supply Schedule and Supply Curve
Law of Supply
Assumptions of the law
Determinants of Supply
Change in Quantity Supplied vs. Change in Supply/ Movement Along the Supply
Curve and Shifting of Supply Curve
Equilibrium
Changes in the Equilibrium
References
3. The Concept of Market
Division of individual economic units Buyers and
Sellers
Buyers consumers, firms.
Sellers producers of goods and services
Market an institution/mechanism bringing that brings
together buyers and sellers
Not limited to geographical boundaries, exists in many
forms
Interaction of buyers and sellers Market Price of a
good or collection of goods
5. Definition of Demand
The power to purchase a good along with
willingness to purchase it
If a consumer holds one of them Demand
does not exist
The quantity of a good that potential
purchasers would buy or attempt to buy, at
a certain price
6. “Demand is the representation of the various
amounts of a product that consumers are
willing and able to purchase at each of a
series of possible prices during a specific
period of time”
7. Demand Schedule and Demand
Curve
Demand Schedule:
-A list showing the quantity of a good that
consumers would choose to purchase at
different prices, with all other variables held
constant
Demand Curve:
-graphically shows the relationship between the
price of a good and the quantity demanded ,
holding constant all other variables that
influence demand
8.
9. Law of Demand
Fundamental characteristic of demand:
“All else equal, as the price falls, the
quantity demanded rises, and as price
rises, the quantity demanded falls.”
Negative relationship between price and
quantity demanded Law of Demand
10. Assumptions and Limitations of the
Law of Demand
Assumptions Limitations
Income constant Very high-priced goods
no change in tastes, Very low-priced goods
fashion and habits Ignorance of the
price of related goods consumer
remains unchanged necessities
no future expectations
no change in weather
and population
11. Determinants of Demand
Price of the good
Price of related goods [substitutes and
complements]
The size of household income
Taste and fashion
Expectation
The distribution of income among households
Number of Buyers
12. Reasons for Downward Sloping of
the Demand Curve
Customer effect
Income effect
Substitution effect
13. Change in Quantity Demanded vs.
Change in Demand
Change in Quantity Change in Demand
Demanded Occurs due to changes in
Occurs due to change in determinants other than
prices price
Results in movement Results in shifting of the
from one point to another demand curve either to
on a fixed demand curve the right or to the left
Also called extension and Also called rise and fall of
contraction of demand demand
19. Definition of Supply
Quantity of output brought for sale in the
market at a certain price
The amount of a good producers would
want to produce and sell at a specific price
20. “ The amounts of a product that producers
are willing and able to make available for
sale at each of a series of prices during a
specific period”
21. The Difference Between Supply
and Stock
Stock is the quantity of output which a seller
has with him and has not yet brought for
sale; whereas supply is the quantity of
output brought from existing stock for sale
at a certain price in the market
22. Supply Schedule and Supply Curve
Supply Schedule:
- A list showing the amount of a product that
producers would produce and sell at a series of
varying prices, during a certain time, with all the
other factors held constant
Supply Curve:
-The graphical representation of the relation
between the quantity supplied of a good that
producers are willing and able to sell and the
price of the good
23.
24. The Law of Supply
Explains the fundamental characteristic of
supply
“All else equal, as price rises, the quantity
supplied rises, as price fall the quantity
supplied falls”
Positive or direct relationship between the
quantity supplied and the price Law of
Supply
25. Assumptions of the Law
Constant cost of production
Constant price of capital goods
Constant technology
26. Determinants of Supply
Price of the good
Resource Prices
Technology
Taxes and subsidies
Price of Other Goods
Expectations
Number of Sellers
27. Change in Quantity Supplied vs.
Change in Supply
Change in Quantity Change in Supply
Supplied Occurs due to change in
Occurs due to change in determinants of supply
the market price other than price
Is represented by Is represented by a shift
movement from one point in the supply curve either
to another on the same to the right or to the left
supply curve Also called rise and fall in
Also called extension and supply
contraction of supply
33. Equilibrium – Putting Demand and
Supply Together
When a market is in equilibrium
Both price of good and quantity bought and sold have settled into
a state of rest
The equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity are values for
price and quantity in the market but, once achieved, will remain
constant
Unless and until supply curve or demand curve shifts
The equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity can be
found on the vertical and horizontal axes, respectively
At point where supply and demand curves cross
34.
35.
36. Excess Supply or Surplus
Excess Supply
At a given price, the excess of quantity
supplied over quantity demanded
Price of the good will fall as sellers
compete with each other to sell more of
the good than buyers want
37.
38. Excess Demand or Shortage
Excess demand
At a given price, the excess of quantity
demanded over quantity supplied
Price of the good will rise as buyers
compete with each other to get more of
the good than is available
39.
40. Changes in Equilibrium
Increase in No Change in Decrease in
Situation
Demand Demand Demand
Increase in Price ? Price Price
Supply Decrease Decrease
Quantity
Increase Quantity Quantity ?
Increase
No change in Price Price No Price
Supply Increase Change Decrease
Quantity Quantity No Quantity
Increase Change Decrease
Decrease in Price Price Increase Price ?
Supply Increase
Quantity Quantity
Quantity ? Decrease Decrease
41.
42.
43. Conclusion
The importance of the concept of demand of
supply is evident from the following quote:
“ Teach a parrot the terms “Demand and Supply”
and you’ve got an Economist.”
-Thomas Carlyle
[Scottish Historian & Essayist
of the Victorian Era]
44. References
Microeconomics – Robert S.Pindyck, Daniel L.
Rubinfeld
Introduction to Economics and Finance - (Study
Text, C.A. Paper B3)
Economics – McConnell Brue
Introduction to Economics and Finance – Abdul
Haleem Khwaja
The Internet