More Related Content
Truman & Eisenhower
- 1. for today's discussion, go to: http://todaysmeet.com/ashapush
- 2. Was the primarythreat from the Soviet Union military or ideological?
- 3. Was it rightfor the Truman administration to frame the US - Soviet relationship in the late '40s as "us vs. them"?
- 4. Was Truman rightto fire MacArthur when and how he did? a. What would have happened if MacArthur had gotten his way and expanded the conflict with the Chinese?
- 5. Who was toblame for the Cold War?
- 6. Demobilization - Economicanxieties • falling GNP • rising prices (end of price controls) • labor troubles - Taft-Hartley (“slave labor law”) passed by R Congress – Outlawed “closed shop” – Unions liable for damages – Govt could step in an ask for injunction – Leaders took noncommunist oath • GI Bill (Servicemen's Readjustment Act) • loans for college, homes, farms, businesses
- 7. Truman & Eisenhower America’s economy post-WWII Truman’s domestic policy Eisenhower’s domestic & foreign policy
- 8. Economic Boom 1950-70 • defense spending (begins with Korea) • cheap energy (oil from M.E.) • higher productivity o efficient machinery & increase in education • economic shift out of agriculture o Middle class doubles o Migration to the Sunbelt
- 9.
- 10.
- 11. Election of 1948 •Truman (D) v. Dewey (R) •Eisenhower refuses nomination •Dems split –“Dixiecrats” (Southern Dems) nominate Strom Thurman on States’ Rights Party ticket; opposed to civil rights –Henry Wallace – new progressive party
- 12. DemocraticPlatform "Our immediate task is to remove the last remnants of the barriers which stand between millions of our citizens and their birthright. There is no justifiable reason for discrimination because of ancestry or religion or race or color."
- 14. Truman’s Second Term Trumanwins 2nd term; 5th term for New Deal Coalition; Dems win Congress liberalism - still a force in American politics “Fair Deal” –Improved housing** –Universal healthcare –Full employment –Higher minimum wage** –Price supports for farmers –Extending Social Security** –Civil rights – integrated the armed forces Opposed by conservative R’s and D’s
- 15. When does the"real value" drop significantly? What would cause this?
- 16. Obama SOTU clip- $9.00 minimum wage • The grey line shows the minimum wage, unadjusted for inflation, whereas • the blue line shows you what it would be worth in 2012. When President Franklin D. Roosevelt first created the minimum wage in 1938, it was 25 cents. Truman got it raised from 40 - 75 cents. Adjusted • for inflation, that would be worth $4.07 today. The minimum wage had its lowest buying power in 1948, when it was worth about $3.81 in today's dollars. It had its highest buying power in • 1968, when it was worth about $10.56. At $7.25 in 2012, our current minimum wage is in the middle of those two • extremes. President Obama's proposal to raise the minimum wage to $9 would put it back to a value last seen in the early 1980s.
- 18. A Herblock cartoon fromMarch 1949 depicts a glum- looking President Harry S. Truman and “John Q. Public” inspecting worm-ridden apples representing Truman’s Fair Deal proposals such as civil rights and rent controls. The alliance of
- 19. Objectives •Outline the Eisenhower-Dullesapproach to the Cold War and the nuclear arms race with the Soviet Union. •Define the basic principles of Eisenhower’s foreign policy in Vietnam, the Middle East, and Cuba. •Describe the practice of “Eisenhower Republicanism” in the 1950s, including domestic consequences of the Cold War.
- 20. The 1952 Election NixonCheckers speech
- 21. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_org_democratic.html •http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_org_democratic.html
- 22. •As the firstRepublican president in 2 decades, what challenges do you think Eisenhower faced when entering office? •How do you think Ike’s experience as military commander (supreme Allied Commander Europe, army chief of staff, then NATO supreme commander) impacted his views on foreign policy?
- 23. “Should any politicalparty attempt to abolish Social Security, unemployment insurance, and “Should any political party attempt to abolish Social Security, unemployment insurance, and eliminate labor and farm programs, you would not hear of that party again in our political history”~ Ike eliminate labor and farm programs, you would not hear of that party again in our political history”~ Ike
- 24. Ike’s “Dynamic Conservatism” •Smallgovernment •Guard US from “creeping socialism” •Put brakes on military build up & balance the budget •Curbed TVA •Condemned polio vaccine at “Socialized medicine”
- 25. “Unscrambling the eggs”fried by New and Fair Dealers Operation Wetback – illegal imm. hurt undercut bracero program – 1 million illegal imm. deported in 54 Native American Policy – cancel tribal preservation policies in “Indian New Deal” – “terminate” tribes as legal entities – Dawes Severalty Act 1887 – assimilation – NA resisted – policy abandoned in 61 **realized he had to cement New Deal reforms for the survival of his party – Social Security, unemployment, labor, farm programs, etc.
- 27. One Upping theNewDeal •Interstate Highway Act 56 •Construction jobs •Sped suburbanization •Positives • Benefits trucking, automobile, oil and travel industries •Negatives • robbed RR of business, air quality, energy consumption, city centers devastated by competing commercial suburbs
- 28. "Well, I Got That In, All Right" Source: Herblock, the Washington Post, January 1958.
- 29. A BOLD ForeignPolicy •BRINKMANSHIP – Sec. of State John Foster Dulles •“massive retaliation” •Scale back conventional forces – army, navy •Strategic Air Command – build up of airfleet that carried city- flattening nukes •Khrushchev rejects “open skies” policy •Hungarian uprising in 56 proved this policy too heavy for minor crises •Too rigid, expensive
- 30. The Hungarian Uprising:1956 Imre Nagy, } Promised free Hungarian elections. Prime Minister } This could lead to the end of communist rule in Hungary.
- 31. The Vietnam NightmareBegins •Ho Chi minh led nationalists against Fr colonial rule •US fruitlessly aided Fr financially, but no military aid •Dien Bien Phu fell to Ho - March 54 •Geneva Accords – divided Vietnam @ 17th parallel •Ho – communist govt in North; agreed to unifying elections – NEVER HELD •Ngo Dinh Diem – pro-West govt in South (Saigon) backed by US militarily and financially
- 32. Trouble in theMiddleEast •Iran •Resisted W. oil companies •CIA backed coup to install Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlevi – dictator •SECURED W. oil interests, but fueled resentment among Iranians – took revenge 20 yrs later
- 33. Suez Crisis •US withdrewaid to build dam on Nile •Nasser nationalizes Suez Canal (US and Br stockholders) – threatened W. oil supplies •Fr, GB, and Israel attack Egypt – Oct. 56 •US refused to release emergency oil supplies to allies •Fr & GB withdrew – UN called in to stabilize **Turning Point – US = net oil importer, no longer possessed “oil weapon;” OPEC formed – Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Kuwait, Iran, Venezuela
- 34. The Suez Crisis:1956-1957
- 35. The Eisenhower Doctrine- 1957 Ike seeks to curb SU influence in Middle East after Suez War Secure W. oil resources military and/or economic assistance to countries facing aggression from communist nations
- 36. Premier Nikita Khrushchev Aboutthe capitalist states, it doesn't depend on you whether we (Soviet Union) exist. If you don't like us, don't accept our invitations, and don't invite us to come De-Stalinization Program to see you. Whether you like it our not, history is on our side. We will bury you. -- 1956
- 37. Nikita Khrushchev comes to power in SU and believes in PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE; economic and scientific competition “You do not like Communism. We do not like capitalism. There is only one way out – peaceful co- existence.” “We may argue. The main thing is to argue without using weapons.”
- 38. U2 Spy Incident:Renewed Confrontation •SU: NO “Open Skies” @ Geneva •U.S. begins reconnaissance flights over S.U. •U2 spy plane (piloted by Francis Gary Powers) shot down by Soviet anti-aircraft in May 1960 •RESULT: K calls off summit to discuss arms race, takes away Ike’s invite to S.U.
- 39. Castro’s Cuba •LA resentedUS aid to Europe, intervention in LA affairs, and support of dictators •US supported Batista in exchange for encouraging US investments •59 – Castro’s revolution –Seized US property –Aligned w/ Moscow •Monroe Doctrine?? Domino effect? •Ike: Org. of American States, $500 in aid to LA – too little too late!
- 40. U-2 Spy Incident(1960) Col. Francis Gary Powers’ plane was shot down over Soviet airspace.
- 41. An Historic Irony:Sergei Khrushchev, American Citizen Who buried who?