This document provides an overview of discourse and gendered identities. It discusses how gender is produced through discourse in dynamic and context-specific ways. Discourse is defined in various ways across disciplines but generally refers to patterns of language use and social interaction. Gender identities are discursively constructed through recognizable discourses around masculinity and femininity. These discourses can support and conflict with each other, represent ways of thinking and doing, and enact social power dynamics. Feminist approaches to discourse analysis examine how gender ideology and power relations are reproduced and contested in representations and social relationships.

1. PRESENTED TO MA’AM RAHAT CH.
SUBJECT : LANGUAGE AND GENDER
CHAPTER NO : 03
The Shift to discourse: the discursive
construction of gendered identities
Presented by
Abdul Rehman

2. (GEE 1989:6-7)
What is important not language and surely not grammar,
but saying –(writing)- doing- being valuing- believing-
combinations

3. DISCOURSE AND DISCOURSES
 Gender is produced in discourse , in variable ,dynamic
and context situated ways
 The way in which people and group are represented
may not be all obvious
 The term discourse is used in different ways across
academic disciplines and is often left undefined vague
or confusing

4. 1-Basic level: connected sentence or
utterances
2-Linguistically : Patterns and rules of
coherence
3-Sociologically: Interaction with certain
social function
4-Social and critical theory perspective :
Cultural ways of thinking and doing

5. DEFINITIONS
Meaning in context
Real social Situations
Spoken and written language
Text in context
Social and ideological practice

6. CHARACTERISTICS
1-Discourses are recognizable and meaningful
 Pre-exist their users
 boys = strength
 girls = beauty
 toys and clothes

7. 2- DISCOURSES CAN BE SUPPORTING AS WELL AS
COMPETING OR CONFLICTING
 Some discourses are mutually supporting
 For example : heterosexuality
 Mother’s Positive and pride feeling for their
children
 Some discourses are conflicting as well
 Mother’s negative feelings about their children

8. 3- DISCOURSES REPRESENT AND CONSTITUTE WAYS OF
THINKING AND DOING
 How we see the world
 Process of Changing perception of experience
 Changing of roles and identities

9. 4- DISCOURSES ARE IDEOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL POWER IS ACTED OUT
THROUGH THEM
 Inherently ideological
 certain view points and values of others
 construct position of power and powerlessness for
participant
 Marginalization Of women’s writing
 Discourse of Female emotionality helps construct position
for women in term of limiting their access to public
debates and decisions that matter most

10. 5- DISCOURSES EXIST IN RELATION TO OTHER DISCOURSES
 Feminist discourses exist in relation to discourses about
patriarchy, Men’s domination of public life,domestic
violence and many more
 Interdiscursivity/Multivoicedness/heteroglossia/polyphon
y( discourses appearing within discourses and mixing
together of discourses)
 Part of network as part- time father supported by father
as baby entertainer , father as mother bumbling assistant
and father as line manager

11. WHETHER AND HOW ,WE CAN IDENTIFY DISCOURSES?
 Sunderland claims that discourses are discribable
and nameable through a process of identifying
their traces discourse cues and linguistic features
 First traces content of spoken or written text
 Then actual interaction (interpretative)

12. ANALYSING DISCOURSE
 broad term used across disciplines
 Conversational Analysis (C.A) :Focuses on
interaction and social categories( man or women)
 Critical Discourse Analysis( CDA): go beyond the
text( social relation of power, social issues

13. FPDA:Feminist post structuralist Discourse Analysis(
combination of analytical concepts and assumptions
shared by social constructionist feminism,post structiral
feminism and CDA
FCDA: Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis( how gender
ideology and relations of power are reproduced ,
negotiated and contested in representations of social
practices in social relationship between people and
people’s social and personal identities in text and talk

14. GENDERED DISCOURSE
 That say something about women and men girls
and boys their gendered actions
 Gendered social practices
 Articulated by both Women and men

15. SUNDERLAND OVERVIEWS A RANGE OF
GENDERED DISCOURSES
 Discourses of gender differences
 heterosexuality discourses
 discourses of gender and employment
opportunities
 discourses of menopause
 discourses of self disclosure
 discourses of fatherhood

16. GENDER IDENTITIES
 Who we are is neither singular nor fixed
 Discursive accomplishment of gender: people with their
linguistics and non linguistics behaviour produce priori
identities as women and men in particular historical and
cultural locations.
 becoming gendered and doing gender is dynamic
process that is never complete.
 Accplishment helps us to see more clearly the links
between femaleness and femininity.

17. PERFORMING IDENTITY
 Gender performance
 Example of female sex workers in California
 Example of American college students

18. FEMINIST LINGUISTICS : CURRENT TREND
 GAL(1995) observes the study of language and
gender is very much enhanced by focusing on :
 On every day practices
 ideologies about man and woman that frame
these practices

19. The web of power relations created by ideologies
operates on Micro level and Macro level
• Macro level( with in organisation and classroom)
• Micro level(individual in specific context e.g
Managers , students and teachers)
The analysis of discourse at micro and macro levels is
based on understanding of text and meanings in
context.

20. COFP( COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE
 Aggregate of people who come together
around mutual engagent in an endeavour.
We participate in multiple cofp’s

21. Thank You for your
patience ❤️