The document explores the relationship between language and gender, defining language and discussing various aspects of gender including types, traits, and speech patterns. It highlights differences in communication styles and topics of discussion between men and women, as well as instances of language discrimination. Various references are cited to support the analysis of gendered language use and societal roles.

1. Language and
Gender By: MuhammadAhmad

2. Contents to be discussed:
• How to define a language?
• Gender and Its types
• GenderWords
• Gendered structured
• Gendered Speech
• Gender Interaction
• Topics of Discussion
• Gender traits

3. Cont…..
• How women speak?
• Men’s use of language
• Language discrimination
• References

4. How to define a Language?
According to Nordquist (2013), Language is a human system of
communication uses arbitrary signals, such as voice sounds, gestures, or
written symbols”.
Language is “a set (finite or infinite) of sentences, each finite in length
and constructed out of a finite set of elements” (Chomsky, 1957).
According to my point of view, language in sociolinguistics is a way of
communication that could be in the form of verbal, non-verbal or written
for better conveying of messages.

5. What is a Gender?
Biological or natural gender is the distinction in sex between the male
and female of each species (Yule,1996).
Grammatical gender is the distinction between masculine and feminine
such as in Spanish as `el sol` and `la luna` (Yule,1996).
On the contrary, social gender is the distinction between man and
woman in terms of social roles (Yule,1996).

6. Gender Words:
According toYule (1996), the word milk is translated in Sidamo language spoken in
Ethiopia, ado by man but gurda by woman.
Secondly, the word “I” is translated as ‘boku’ by men and ‘atashi’ by women in the
Japanese language (Yule,1996).
The words such as heroine and actress are the derivation of the man`s
terminologies hero and actor (Yule,1996).
Additionally, the word ‘his’ is used a general reference while speaking. For
instances, each student is required to buy his own dictionary.

7. Gendered Structured:
Women use higher prestige variable such as talking or I saw it, whereas men
are more likely to use lower prestige variables ,e.g. talkin’ or I seen it.
Men use 32% double negative, e.g. I don’t want none (Yule,1996).
Women are more careful, sensitive and aware of social status.
Men are more likely to be tough, strong and independent while speaking.

8. Gendered Speech:
Men have low pitch (effect of vibration in a vocal folds) than women.
Women use hedges more frequently, e.g. sort of , kind of etc.
Women use more tag questions such as It’s a kind of cold in here, isn’t it?
Men use the strong or assertive language, e.g. it’s too damn cold in here! or
gimme that photo.

9. Gender Interaction:
Women’s speech allow others to speak in a shared activity whereas men are likely
to interrupt women with 96% (Yule,1996).
Women use the back-channels ( yeah, really, hmm, oh ) in cross-gender
interaction.
Men are more likely not to pay attention to the speakers by avoiding such back-
channels (Yule,1996).
Female give priority to solidarity, building and maintaining social bonds to keep
communities together (Hudson, 1996).

10. Topics of Discussions:
Men are more likely to discuss about office works, politics, sports and games, e.g.
Khan’s policy, Cricket,T.V talk shows, cars, etc.
Women are more concerned about family matters, e.g. children’s education,
cuisine recipes, fashion shows, shopping, gossip etc.
Men prefer one-to-many pattern,i.e. one speaker with many listeners
(Hudson,1996).
Women tend to break large conversation into many smaller groups (Hudson,1996).

11. Specific traits to differ Men from Women:
MasculineTraits
Rational
Dominant
Aggressive
Handsome
Problem Solving
Mathematical
FeminineTraits
Imaginative
Supportive
Polite
Pretty
Artistic
Emotional

12. How Women speak language?
What a divine idea!
Oh dear, you have put the meat again in the fridge.
Would you like to pass me the box?
Wow! Look at that dress.
Oh my son!Why didn’t you pass the exams?

13. Men’s use of Language:
What a terrific idea!
Oh shit!You have made the same mistake.
Just pass me the box!
I just want to by that sport car.
Son!Your result has disappointed me..

14. Language Discrimination:
Mankind (humanity, human beings, people).
The common man ( the average person, ordinary people).
Man-made
Man’s achievement ( human achievement).
Chairman , businessman, fireman, mailman.
Congressman, cameraman,

15. References:
• Hudson, R. A. (1996). Language and Gender . In R. A. Hudson,
Sociolinguistics (pp. 140-143). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Yule, G. (1996). Language and Gender. In G.Yule,The Study of Language
(2nd ed., pp. 278-280). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Trudgill, P. (1974). Language and Gender. In P.Trudgill, Sociolinguistics- An
introduction (pp. 84-90). NewYork: Penguin Books.

16. Cont…
• http://www.linguisticsplanet.com/chomsky-definition-of-language-and-
grammar/#:~:text=Language%20as%20conceived%20of%20by,(Chomsky
%201957%3A13).&text=Hence%2C%20once%20a%20particular%20string,c
an%20be%20classified%20as%20ungrammatical.