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Presented by:
Haider Zaman
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF HUMAN EYE
THE EYE
• Eye is the gift of the creator
• Eye give us the sense of light
• They are pair in numbers
• Eye receive light stimulus and transforms
It into nerve impulse. which runs along the
Optic nerve reaching the visual cortex and
gives rise to visual sensation
EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF EYE:
• Includes bony orbit, eyelids,
• eyelashes
• Tears
• Fat glands
• Extra ocular muscle
• conjunctiva
EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF EYE:
• Includes bony orbit:
the anatomical space that contains the eye
• Eyelids:
These cover the orbits interiorly.
• Extra ocular muscle:
These muscles are separate from the eye.
• They are responsible for the movement of
• the eyeball and superior eyelid.
PARTS OF EYE
PARTS OF EYE:
• Aqueous Homour:
It is clear watery fluid in the interior chamber
Function:
Nourishes the lens & cornea
Helps refract light onto the retina
VITREOUS HUMOUR:
• A clear, gel like fluid in the posterior chamber
• Support the lens & retina and keeps the eye from
collapsing.
RETINA:
• Innermost, sensitive layer of the eye
• A delicate membrane containing photoreceptor and
associated neurons
• Transforms light energy to electrical signals
• two main kind of photoreceptor (cone & Rods)
CONE:
• Sensitive to bright light
• Cluster near the center of retina
• Distinguish colours
• 5 million cones in the retina
RODS:
Sensitive to dim light
125 million rods in the retina
Allow dim light vision
Black: consBlack: cons
Bright: rodsBright: rods
LENS:
• The lens sits directly behind the pupil. This is a clear
layer that focuses the light the pupil takes in. It is held in
place by the ciliary muscles,
• Function: allow the lens to change shape depending on
the amount of light that hits it so it can be properly
focused.
OPTIC DISC:
• The point where optic nerve enter to retina
Choroid:
The choroid lies between the retina and the sclera,
Function:
provides blood supply to the eye.
disk opticdisk optic
IRIS
The iris is the area of the eye that contains the pigment
which gives the eye its color.
Function:
This allows the eye to take in more or less light depending
on how bright it is around you.
OPTIC NERVE
• The bundle of over one billion nerve fibers
that carry visual message from retina to the
brain.
• 1.3mm place where
• 26billion optic nerves are
Passed.
MECHANISM
• Eye
• Optic nerve
• Lateral Geniculate nucleus
• Visual cortex
RETINAL BLOOD VESSELS:
• Arteries transmit oxygen & nutrients
• veins carry deoxygenated blood from the eye
SCLERA
• The sclera is commonly referred to as the "whites" of the
eye. This is a smooth, white layer on the outside, but the
inside is brown
• Function
• The sclera provides structure and safety for the inner
workings of the eye.
CORNEA
• The cornea is the outer covering of the eye. This
dome-shaped layer
• Function:
• protects your eye from elements that could cause
damage to the inner parts of the eye.
PUPIL & CONJUNCTIVA GLANDS
• The pupil appears as a black dot in the middle of the eye.
• Function: This black area is actually a hole that takes in
light so the eye can focus on the objects in front of it.
• Conjunctiva Glands:
• These are layers of mucus which help keep the outside
of the eye moist.
The physiology of human eye
The physiology of human eye

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The physiology of human eye

  • 1. Presented by: Haider Zaman THE PHYSIOLOGY OF HUMAN EYE
  • 2. THE EYE • Eye is the gift of the creator • Eye give us the sense of light • They are pair in numbers • Eye receive light stimulus and transforms It into nerve impulse. which runs along the Optic nerve reaching the visual cortex and gives rise to visual sensation
  • 3. EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF EYE: • Includes bony orbit, eyelids, • eyelashes • Tears • Fat glands • Extra ocular muscle • conjunctiva
  • 4. EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF EYE: • Includes bony orbit: the anatomical space that contains the eye • Eyelids: These cover the orbits interiorly. • Extra ocular muscle: These muscles are separate from the eye. • They are responsible for the movement of • the eyeball and superior eyelid.
  • 6. PARTS OF EYE: • Aqueous Homour: It is clear watery fluid in the interior chamber Function: Nourishes the lens & cornea Helps refract light onto the retina
  • 7. VITREOUS HUMOUR: • A clear, gel like fluid in the posterior chamber • Support the lens & retina and keeps the eye from collapsing.
  • 8. RETINA: • Innermost, sensitive layer of the eye • A delicate membrane containing photoreceptor and associated neurons • Transforms light energy to electrical signals • two main kind of photoreceptor (cone & Rods)
  • 9. CONE: • Sensitive to bright light • Cluster near the center of retina • Distinguish colours • 5 million cones in the retina
  • 10. RODS: Sensitive to dim light 125 million rods in the retina Allow dim light vision Black: consBlack: cons Bright: rodsBright: rods
  • 11. LENS: • The lens sits directly behind the pupil. This is a clear layer that focuses the light the pupil takes in. It is held in place by the ciliary muscles, • Function: allow the lens to change shape depending on the amount of light that hits it so it can be properly focused.
  • 12. OPTIC DISC: • The point where optic nerve enter to retina Choroid: The choroid lies between the retina and the sclera, Function: provides blood supply to the eye. disk opticdisk optic
  • 13. IRIS The iris is the area of the eye that contains the pigment which gives the eye its color. Function: This allows the eye to take in more or less light depending on how bright it is around you.
  • 14. OPTIC NERVE • The bundle of over one billion nerve fibers that carry visual message from retina to the brain. • 1.3mm place where • 26billion optic nerves are Passed.
  • 15. MECHANISM • Eye • Optic nerve • Lateral Geniculate nucleus • Visual cortex
  • 16. RETINAL BLOOD VESSELS: • Arteries transmit oxygen & nutrients • veins carry deoxygenated blood from the eye
  • 17. SCLERA • The sclera is commonly referred to as the "whites" of the eye. This is a smooth, white layer on the outside, but the inside is brown • Function • The sclera provides structure and safety for the inner workings of the eye.
  • 18. CORNEA • The cornea is the outer covering of the eye. This dome-shaped layer • Function: • protects your eye from elements that could cause damage to the inner parts of the eye.
  • 19. PUPIL & CONJUNCTIVA GLANDS • The pupil appears as a black dot in the middle of the eye. • Function: This black area is actually a hole that takes in light so the eye can focus on the objects in front of it. • Conjunctiva Glands: • These are layers of mucus which help keep the outside of the eye moist.