Special senses
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This document discusses several topics related to special senses including the ear, eye, nose and throat. It defines key terms like pressure equalizing tubes, which help drain fluid from the middle ear; otitis media or middle ear infection; and visual acuity which measures sharpness of vision. The document also describes functions of the ear including hearing and balance, parts of the eye, and eye movement controlled by six extraocular muscles.
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This PowerPoint presentations covers the anatomy and physiology of the eyes, ears, nose and mouth; and common disorders.
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1. The special senses include vision, hearing, balance, smell, taste and touch.
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3. In the cochlea, sound waves are converted into electrical signals via hair cells that detect vibrations. These signals are sent to the brain.
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This PowerPoint presentations covers the anatomy and physiology of the eyes, ears, nose and mouth; and common disorders.
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1. The special senses include vision, hearing, balance, smell, taste and touch.
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The document describes the anatomy and functions of the major structures of the human eye. It discusses the external structures like the conjunctiva and internal layers including the fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, aqueous humor, vitreous humor, retina, and lens. It also explains common vision conditions such as myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, cataracts, glaucoma, color blindness, and macular degeneration.
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The document summarizes key structures and functions of the eyes and ears. It outlines the layers of the eyes including the sclera, choroid, retina, cornea, lens, iris, pupil, and optic nerve. It also describes the eye chambers, eyelids, lacrimal apparatus, and refractive errors like myopia and hyperopia. For the ears, it lists the outer, middle, and inner ear structures along with terms like pinna, auditory canal, tympanic membrane, cochlea, and semicircular canals. Common eye conditions like cataracts and glaucoma are also mentioned along with treatments like iridectomy and tonometry.
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This document provides an overview of the structure of the eye. It describes the three layers that make up the wall of the eyeball: the outer fibrous coat, middle vascular coat, and inner nervous coat. It also outlines the main refractive media - the aqueous humor, vitreous humor, and lens. In under 3 sentences, the document summarizes the key protective and light-transmitting structures of the eye.
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The document summarizes the anatomy and function of the human eye. It describes how light enters through the cornea and is focused on the retina by the lens. The retina contains photoreceptor cells called rods and cones that convert light into nerve impulses which are sent to the brain for processing and interpretation as vision. The iris controls the size of the pupil to regulate the amount of light entering the eye.
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The document discusses the general and special senses. It begins by distinguishing between general senses like touch, temperature, and pain and special senses like smell, taste, hearing, balance, and vision. It then provides details on the receptor structures and neural pathways involved in each sense, including descriptions of the ear, eye, olfactory system, tongue, and other sensory organs. The objectives are to classify sensory systems, describe sensory receptor structures, and explain the pathways for sound in the ear and light in the eye.
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The document summarizes the key aspects of the special senses and the anatomy and function of the eye. It discusses how sensory receptors in sense organs like the eyes, ears, nose and tongue detect stimuli from the environment and send signals to the brain via sensory neurons. It then focuses on describing the different parts of the eye, including the sclera, choroid, retina, lens, iris and pupil. It explains how light enters the eye and is focused on the retina, and how different structures like the lens and iris help with vision.
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This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the human eye. It describes the major internal and external structures of the eye, including the cornea, iris, lens, retina, rods and cones, and optic nerve. It explains how light enters the eye and is focused on the retina, and how visual signals are transmitted from the retina to the brain via the optic nerve. The document is intended to teach postgraduate students about the special sense of vision.
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The physiology of the human eye involves several key structures working together. The eye receives light stimuli which is transformed into nerve impulses along the optic nerve to the visual cortex where it creates visual sensation. The external structures include the eyelids, conjunctiva, extraocular muscles, and bony orbit. Internally, the eye contains the iris, pupil, lens, vitreous humour, retina, aqueous humour, optic nerve and blood vessels which work to focus light, transmit signals to the brain and provide nourishment to the eye. The retina in particular contains light-sensitive rod and cone cells that convert light energy into electrical signals.
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Animals have developed specialized sensory organs like eyes and ears to actively seek information from the environment. These organs evolved to help detect things like food from a distance. The eye detects light and vision, while the ear detects sound and hearing. Both eyes and ears have complex structures that are finely tuned to receive and process sensory inputs. The eye contains light-sensitive rods and cones in the retina to detect color and vision. The ear detects sound waves through the outer, middle, and inner ear structures that funnel and amplify sound before vibrations are converted to nerve signals. These special senses allow animals to effectively interact with their surroundings.
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he sense organs — eyes, ears, tongue, skin, and nose — help to protect the body. The human sense organs contain receptors that relay information through sensory neurons to the appropriate places within the nervous system.
Each sense organ contains different receptors.
General receptors are found throughout the body because they are present in skin, visceral organs (visceral meaning in the abdominal cavity), muscles, and joints.
Special receptors include chemoreceptors (chemical receptors) found in the mouth and nose, photoreceptors (light receptors) found in the eyes, and mechanoreceptors found in the ears.
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The document discusses sensory organs and analyzers. It describes the three main parts of a sensory analyzer: the peripheral sensory organ, intermediate conductive paths, and central area in the cerebral cortex. It identifies three types of sensory organs based on their development: vision and smell organs developing from the neural plate; taste, balance and hearing organs from thickened ectoderm placodes; and sensory receptor endings from the peripheral parts of corresponding analyzers. The document then focuses on the eye, describing its three membranes, structures like the retina, iris, cornea, and details of the inner ear and cochlea. It explains how sound is transduced into neural signals in the cochlea using hair cells and the organ of Cort
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Senses : any of the physical processes by which stimuli are received, transduced, and conducted as impulses to be interpreted in the brain.
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Each of these organs have specialized functions that make if possible for us to experience our environment and to make that experience more pleasant
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The eye is composed of three layers: the outer fibrous layer, middle vascular layer, and inner nervous tissue layer. It contains structures like the lens, aqueous fluid, and vitreous body. Light enters through the cornea and is refracted by the lens to focus on the retina. The iris and pupil regulate the amount of light entering, and accommodation and refraction allow for vision at varying distances. Dark and light adaptation involve changes in the retina and visual pigments in response to light levels. Accessory structures include extraocular muscles, eyebrows, eyelids, and the lacrimal apparatus.
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The human eye allows for vision through a complex set of interacting structures. Light enters through the clear cornea and pupil, and is focused on the retina. The retina contains light-sensitive rod and cone cells that convert the light image into electrical signals transmitted by the optic nerve to the brain for processing and perception of vision. Key structures like the iris, sclera, cornea, lens, retina and optic nerve work together to allow light to enter the eye, focus the image, and transmit visual information to the brain.
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The document discusses the human sensory systems. It describes the different sensory systems including vision, hearing, taste, smell, and somatic senses. It provides classifications of sensory receptors by function, location, and structure. It also provides details on specific sensory systems such as the eye, ear, and skin receptors. The eye is described in terms of its layers, internal structures, visual pathway, and role in vision. The ear is described as having three main regions for hearing and balance.
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The document contains 26 figures describing the anatomy and physiology of the special senses systems, including the ear, eye, nose, and tongue. The figures show the structures of the ear like the outer, middle and inner ear. They also illustrate the eye, showing features like the retina, lens, iris and optic nerve. Additional figures depict the olfactory and gustatory systems of smell and taste.
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The document summarizes the key characteristics and functions of the human senses. It describes the different sensory receptors for touch, pain, temperature, and other somatic senses. It also covers the special senses of taste, smell, vision, hearing and balance. For each sense, it outlines the receptor locations and structures, stimulus types, neural pathways, and some distinguishing features. The document provides anatomical and physiological details about sensory systems and processing.
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The document provides an overview of the special senses - vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste and smell - covering their anatomy and physiology. It discusses the structures of the eye such as the retina, lens and accessory structures; the structures of the ear including the outer, middle and inner ear; and the sensory receptors for taste and smell. The summary focuses on the key sensory organs and their functions:
The eye contains photoreceptors in the retina that detect light and allow for vision. The lens focuses light onto the retina. The ear contains structures for hearing and balance, including the cochlea that contains hair cells for hearing and semicircular canals that contain receptors for balance and equilibrium. Taste buds on the
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2. The cornea refracts and transmits light, with an epithelium, stroma, and endothelial layer. The iris controls pupil size via sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.
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special sense organs (anatomy and physiology) - a brief discussion
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Chapter 13 Presentation
The document discusses pressure equalizing tubes, which are small tubes surgically placed in a child's eardrum to drain fluid and equalize pressure in the middle ear. The two main reasons for tubes are recurrent ear infections or fluid buildup causing hearing loss, which is common in children ages 6 months to 3 years. Ear tubes are placed by an ENT surgeon using microscopy to make a small incision and insert the tube to drain fluid and improve hearing.
ENT (2).pptx
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the ear. It describes the external, middle, and inner ear structures and their functions in hearing and balance. The external ear includes the pinna and ear canal. The middle ear contains the eardrum, ossicles, and Eustachian tube. The inner ear houses the cochlea for hearing and semicircular canals for balance. The document also outlines nursing assessments for patients with ear problems, including taking a health history and performing physical exams of the ear structures.
Special senses presentation
The document discusses several conditions that affect the eye and ear. It describes amblyopia as reduced vision in one eye due to improper brain-eye coordination, often caused by strabismus. Diplopia is double vision that can be monocular or binocular. Presbyopia is age-related vision loss due to a stiffened lens. Tinnitus is ringing in the ears without an external source. Otitis media is a middle ear infection often following an upper respiratory infection. Diagnostic tests discussed include tympanometry, which measures middle ear pressure, and audiograms, which test hearing ability.
Eye and ear at a glance
This document provides information about ophthalmology, the study of the eye, and otolology, the study of the ear. It defines several key medical terms and abbreviations used in eye and ear examinations and treatments. Major parts of the eye are described along with common eye conditions like exotropia. Ear anatomy and conditions such as otitis media are also outlined. Common procedures for treating ear infections like PE tubes are defined. The interconnectedness of the eyes, ears, nose and throat is noted.
Bio 120 ch 13 presentation
The document discusses the special senses of the eye and ear. It provides information on ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology as the branches of medicine dealing with the eye, ear, nose and throat. Key terms related to the eye include visual acuity testing, types of vision such as emmetropia and myopia, and eye movements like exotropia and esotropia. For the ear, it discusses diagnostic procedures like audiometry and tuning fork tests. Common ear infections like otitis externa and media are described along with their typical treatments.
Special senses chapter 13
The document summarizes key information about the eye and ear. It discusses that the eye contains sensory receptor cells for vision and transmits images to the brain via the optic nerve. The study of the eye is called ophthalmology. Abbreviations like EENT, EM, OS, and VA are related to the eye. The ear contains sensory receptors for hearing and equilibrium and transmits information to the brain via cranial nerve VIII. The study of the ear is called otology and hearing disorders audiology. Abbreviations like EENT, AU, BC, OM, and PE tube are related to the ear. A PE tube is used to equalize pressure behind the eardrum and drain fluid from the middle ear.
K jackson medical terminology chapter 13
PE tube placement is a common ear surgery where a small plastic or metal tube is placed in the eardrum to equalize pressure and drain fluid from the middle ear. PE tubes have been shown to decrease ear infections while not affecting hearing. The tubes usually fall out on their own within 6-12 months. If infections return after the tubes fall out, replacement may be considered.
Chapter 13 aisha
Ear tubes, also known as PE tubes, are small hollow tubes inserted into the eardrum to drain fluid and allow air into the middle ear, helping to prevent infections and restore hearing. PE tubes are placed by an otolaryngologist through a minor procedure. They do not cause long-term damage and help decrease ear infections by equalizing pressure and drainage.
Special Senses
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and development of the special senses organs - the eye, ear, smell and taste. It describes the external structures of the eye including the eyelids, conjunctiva and muscles. Internally, it outlines the three tunics of the eyeball and discusses the retina, lens and pathway of light. For the ear, it details the outer, middle and inner structures and their role in sound transmission and reception. It also discusses the receptors for balance, smell and taste. Development of these special senses from infancy to aging is reviewed.
Chapter 13
A pressure equalizing tube (PE tube) is a small tube surgically placed in a child's eardrum to drain fluid and equalize pressure in the middle ear cavity. PE tubes are placed in children who experience frequent ear infections. The tubes may fall out on their own or remain in the ear. Otitis media is a middle ear infection commonly seen in children where fluid accumulates in the middle ear cavity. The six extraocular muscles control eye movement through the superior rectus, inferior rectus, lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior oblique, and inferior oblique muscles.
Special Senses The Eye And The Ear
Pressure equalization or tympanostomy tubes (PET) are small tubes placed in the eardrum to allow fluid and pressure to drain from the middle ear into the ear canal. PETs are inserted during a brief outpatient procedure using an operating microscope. A small incision is made in the eardrum, fluid is suctioned out, and the tube is placed. PETs typically remain in place for 6-24 months to alleviate chronic ear infections.
Ppt final for slide share
A PET tube is a small tube surgically placed in a child's eardrum to drain fluid and equalize pressure between the middle ear and atmosphere. The eye, ear, nose and throat refer to the organs of sight, hearing/equilibrium, smell, and passage to the stomach/lungs respectively. Bone conduction is the transmission of sound to the inner ear through skull bones, explaining why one's recorded voice sounds different. Otitis media refers to middle ear infections often preceded by upper respiratory infections spreading via the Eustachian tube. Emmetropia describes proper eye refractive correlation to axial length bringing light parallel to the optic nerve into focus on the retina. Exotropia is an outward turning eye occurring during
Eye and ear presentation
The document defines various medical abbreviations and terms related to the special senses of the eye and ear. It provides descriptions of terms like PE tube, EENT, BC, AU, OM, EM, XT, OS, EOM, and VA. PE tube refers to a pressure equalizing tube placed in a child's eardrum. EENT is an abbreviation for eyes, ears, nose and throat. BC refers to bone conduction of sound through the skull. AU abbreviates both ears. OM describes otitis media, or middle ear inflammation. EM, XT, OS, and VA define eye and vision related terms like emmetropia, exotropia, the left eye, and visual acuity
Health assessment on the ear examination
This document provides information on examining the ears. It describes the anatomy and function of the external, middle, and inner ear. It outlines steps for inspecting the ear canal and eardrum, assessing hearing using a tuning fork and whisper test, and testing equilibrium with the Romberg test. The Weber and Rinne tests use a tuning fork to evaluate hearing ability and type of hearing loss. Nurses are responsible for screening ears and making referrals, or may perform advanced assessments in some settings.
13knowledge
PE tubes are small tubes surgically placed in the ear drum to drain fluid and relieve pressure, commonly used to treat chronic ear infections in children. Otolaryngologists are ear, nose, and throat specialists who undergo extensive medical training and may specialize in specific areas like ENT surgery. Bone conduction tests like Rinne and Weber use tuning forks to help diagnose conductive versus sensorineural hearing loss.
Mechanisms of Human Behavior
There are three main mechanisms of human behavior:
1) Receiving mechanisms (receptors) which receive stimuli through the senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch.
2) Connecting mechanisms (connectors) which are the central and peripheral nervous systems that transmit sensory information to the brain and motor responses from the brain.
3) Reacting mechanisms (reactors) which are muscles and glands that produce behavioral responses through movement or internal secretions in response to sensory stimuli.
Special Senses Presen 13
1. Doctors sometimes insert pressure-equalizing (PE) tubes in the eardrum to prevent middle ear infections like otitis media, which is common in young children.
2. Doctors specialized in ENT manage diseases of the ears, nose, throat, oral cavity, and neck structures. ENT is the oldest medical specialty in the United States.
3. Bone conduction is the transmission of sound to the inner ear through the skull bones, and has been used for decades in hearing rehabilitation.
EAR ASSESSMENT
The document discusses the physical examination of the ear, including inspection of the external ear, otoscopy, and evaluation of gross auditory acuity. It also outlines several diagnostic evaluations used to indirectly measure the auditory and vestibular systems, such as audiometry, tympanometry, auditory brainstem response testing, electronystagmography, and sinusoidal harmonic acceleration testing. Middle ear endoscopy is also described as a method to examine the middle ear structure.
Unit iv, chapter-2- special senses
Human Anatomy and Physiology-I,
Special senses:
Structure and functions of eye, ear, nose and tongue and their disorders.
ENT Disorders.ppt
This document provides an overview of anatomy and disorders of the ear, nose, and throat. It begins with a review of the anatomy and physiology of the external, middle, and inner ear. It then discusses various disorders that can affect each part of the ear, such as cerumen impaction, foreign bodies, and external otitis in the external ear. Assessment techniques including history, physical exam, and diagnostic tests are also covered. The document provides nursing management strategies for some common ear, nose, and throat conditions.
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Special senses
- 1. Special Senses By Monifa Godfrey
- 3. Pressure equalizing tube Small tube surgically placed in a child’s ear to assist in drainage or infection. Decrease the frequency of ear infections Prevents fluid from staying in the middle ear Can help to restore and preserve normal hearing.
- 4. -eye, ear, nose, and throat
- 5. Eye, ear, nose, and throat Eye- is the organ of sight Ear- responsible for 2 senses: hearing and equilibrium Nose- responsible for smelling Throat- consists of the pharynx, larynx, and epiglottis, which separates the esophagus from the trachea and prevents inhalation of food or
- 7. Bone conduction Conduction of sound waves to the inner ear through the bones of the skull.
- 8. -both ears
- 9. Both ears Responsible for 2 senses: hearing and equilibrium (sense of balance) The ear is subdivided into 3 areas External ear consists of 3 parts: the auricle, the auditory canal, and the tympanic membrane. The auricle is the only visible portion
- 10. -otitis media
- 11. Otitis media Seen frequently in children More commonly known as middle ear infection Often preceded by an upper respiratory infection. Occurs when fluid accumulates in the middle ear cavity, may be watery (serous) or full of pus (purulent)
- 12. -emmetropia
- 13. Emmetropia The normal condition of perfect vision The eye is relaxed and focused Occurs when parallel light rays are focused on the retina
- 14. -exotropia
- 15. Exotropia Outward turning of the eye Also called wall-eyed An example of strabismus (muscle weakness of the eye) May result from nerve problems, deformities, eye or head injuries
- 16. -left eye
- 17. Left eye Abbreviation: OS, oculus sinister Meaning derived from a point in history when it was considered to be sinister to look at someone from only the left eye
- 19. Extraocular movement Normally, the eyes move in concert (e.g. when the left eye moves, the right eye moves to a similar degree). This coordinated movement depends on 6 extraocular muscles that insert around the eye balls Movements are described as: Elevation (pupil directed upwards),Depression (pupil directed downwards), Abduction (pupil directed laterally), Adduction (pupil directed medially), Extorsion (top of eye rotating away from the nose), and Intorsion (top of eye rotating towards the nose).
- 20. -visual acuity
- 21. Visual acuity Measurement of the sharpness of a patient’s vision A Snellen chart is used for this test. Patient’s indentifies letters from a distance of 20 feet