Here are some common elements we use every day:
- Carbon - found in pencils, food, plastics
- Oxygen - we breathe it
- Hydrogen - found in water
- Nitrogen - in the air we breathe
- Calcium - in our bones and teeth
- Sodium - in salt
- Chlorine - in drinking water and swimming pools
- Aluminum - used in cans and foil
- Copper - in wiring and plumbing
- Iron - in foods and construction materials
- Zinc - in galvanization and supplements
- Iodine - added to salt for thyroid health
Here are some common elements we use every day:
- Carbon - found in pencils, food, plastics
- Oxygen - we breathe it
- Hydrogen - found in water
- Nitrogen - in the air we breathe
- Calcium - in our bones and teeth
- Sodium - in salt
- Chlorine - in drinking water and swimming pools
- Aluminum - used in cans and foil
- Copper - in wiring and plumbing
- Iron - in foods and construction materials
- Zinc - in galvanization and supplements
- Iodine - added to salt for thyroid health
Here are some common elements we use every day:
- Carbon - found in pencils, food, plastics
- Oxygen - we breathe it
- Hydrogen - found in water
- Nitrogen - in the air we breathe
- Calcium - in our bones and teeth
- Sodium - in salt
- Chlorine - in drinking water and swimming pools
- Aluminum - used in cans and foil
- Copper - in wiring and plumbing
- Iron - in foods and construction materials
- Zinc - in galvanization and supplements
- Iodine - added to salt for thyroid health
Here are some common elements we use every day:
- Carbon - found in pencils, food, plastics
- Oxygen - we breathe it
- Hydrogen - found in water
- Nitrogen - found in air and proteins
- Calcium - found in bones and milk
- Sodium - found in salt
- Chlorine - used to purify water
- Aluminum - used in cans and foil
- Iron - found in foods and used to make steel
- Copper - used in wiring and plumbing
- Zinc - found in vitamins and skin creams
- Iodine - added to salt to prevent deficiencies
- Gold - used in jewelry
- Silver
Here are some common elements we use every day:
- Carbon - found in pencil lead, food, and our bodies
- Oxygen - we breathe it
- Hydrogen - found in water
- Nitrogen - makes up most of the air we breathe
- Calcium - found in bones and milk
- Sodium - found in salt
- Chlorine - used to purify water
- Aluminum - used in cans and foil
- Copper - used in wiring and plumbing
- Iron - found in many foods and our blood
- Zinc - supports immune function and found in ointments
- Iodine - essential for thyroid function and added to salt
The document traces the development of the periodic table from early lists of elements compiled by scientists like Lavoisier to Mendeleev's groundbreaking periodic table that included predictive properties. It organized elements by atomic mass and left gaps for undiscovered elements, correctly predicting properties of three. Moseley later reorganized the table by atomic number, establishing the modern periodic table's clear periodic trends when arranged by this property. The document also outlines key properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids and how they are grouped on the periodic table.
CH1000
Fundament
als of
Chemistry
Module 1 – Chapter 3
Elements and Atoms
• What is an element?
• An element is a fundamental substance that cannot be broken down by chemical
means into a simpler substance.
• Elements are the building blocks of matter.
• Elements can occur naturally or be synthesized in labs.
• The smallest unit of an element that retains its properties and chemical
behavior is called an atom.
• Atoms are made up of subatomic particles, but they do not have the properties of the
element
Elements
•Ten elements make up
almost 99 % of the mass of
the Earth’s crust, seawater
and atmosphere.
•Oxygen accounts for about
20 % of the atmosphere
and is found in nearly all
rocks, sand and soil.
Symbols
of the
Elements
•Each element has an
abbreviation called a symbol.
•The first letter of a symbol
must always be capitalized.
•If a second letter is needed, it
should be lowercase.
Introduction to
the Periodic Table
•Elements with similar
chemical properties are placed
in columns called groups.
•Four groups have special
identifying names, like Noble
Gases, in group 8A, which are
all unreactive gases.
Introduction to
the Periodic
Table
•The eight tall columns are called representative elements, or main group
elements. These are shown in red.
•The elements in the center are called the transition metals, or sometimes
the “inner transition metals.” These are shown in purple.
Introduction to the Periodic
Table
•Elements can be further classified
as metals, metalloids and
nonmetals.
•Notice the bold, black “staircase”
on the table. Everything to the left
of the staircase is a metal and
everything to the right of the
staircase is a non metal.
• The exception is Hydrogen,
which is why some periodic
tables will show hydrogen
disconnected from the main
body of the table.
•The elements in grey touching the
“staircase” are called metalloids, or
semiconductor metals. These metals
are used in the semiconductor
industry.
Metals,
Nonmetal
s and
Metalloids
• Solid at room temperature (except mercury)
• Shiny
• Good conductors of heat and electricity
• Malleable (can be shaped)
• Ductile (can be drawn into wires)
• Most metals have a high melting point and density
Metals
• Not shiny
• Have fairly low melting points and densities
• Are poor conductors of heat and electricity
Non
Metals
• Metalloids have properties between metals and
nonmetals.
• These elements are positioned diagonally on the Periodic
Table separating the metals and nonmetals.
Metalloid
s
Diatomic Elements
•Diatomic molecules
contain exactly two atoms
•Seven elements exist as
diatomic molecules and are
shown in the table to the
left
•Diatomic elements can be
separated.
Compounds
•A compound is a substance
containing two or more
elements that are chemically
combined in a definite
proportion by mass
•Compounds, unlike elements,
can be decomposed chemically
into simpler substances
...
Here are some common elements we use every day:
- Carbon - found in pencils, food, plastics
- Oxygen - we breathe it
- Hydrogen - found in water
- Nitrogen - in the air we breathe
- Calcium - in our bones and teeth
- Sodium - in salt
- Chlorine - in drinking water and swimming pools
- Aluminum - used in cans and foil
- Copper - in wiring and plumbing
- Iron - in foods and construction materials
- Zinc - in galvanization and supplements
- Iodine - added to salt for thyroid health
Here are some common elements we use every day:
- Carbon - found in pencils, food, plastics
- Oxygen - we breathe it
- Hydrogen - found in water
- Nitrogen - in the air we breathe
- Calcium - in our bones and teeth
- Sodium - in salt
- Chlorine - in drinking water and swimming pools
- Aluminum - used in cans and foil
- Copper - in wiring and plumbing
- Iron - in foods and construction materials
- Zinc - in galvanization and supplements
- Iodine - added to salt for thyroid health
Here are some common elements we use every day:
- Carbon - found in pencils, food, plastics
- Oxygen - we breathe it
- Hydrogen - found in water
- Nitrogen - in the air we breathe
- Calcium - in our bones and teeth
- Sodium - in salt
- Chlorine - in drinking water and swimming pools
- Aluminum - used in cans and foil
- Copper - in wiring and plumbing
- Iron - in foods and construction materials
- Zinc - in galvanization and supplements
- Iodine - added to salt for thyroid health
Here are some common elements we use every day:
- Carbon - found in pencils, food, plastics
- Oxygen - we breathe it
- Hydrogen - found in water
- Nitrogen - found in air and proteins
- Calcium - found in bones and milk
- Sodium - found in salt
- Chlorine - used to purify water
- Aluminum - used in cans and foil
- Iron - found in foods and used to make steel
- Copper - used in wiring and plumbing
- Zinc - found in vitamins and skin creams
- Iodine - added to salt to prevent deficiencies
- Gold - used in jewelry
- Silver
Here are some common elements we use every day:
- Carbon - found in pencil lead, food, and our bodies
- Oxygen - we breathe it
- Hydrogen - found in water
- Nitrogen - makes up most of the air we breathe
- Calcium - found in bones and milk
- Sodium - found in salt
- Chlorine - used to purify water
- Aluminum - used in cans and foil
- Copper - used in wiring and plumbing
- Iron - found in many foods and our blood
- Zinc - supports immune function and found in ointments
- Iodine - essential for thyroid function and added to salt
The document traces the development of the periodic table from early lists of elements compiled by scientists like Lavoisier to Mendeleev's groundbreaking periodic table that included predictive properties. It organized elements by atomic mass and left gaps for undiscovered elements, correctly predicting properties of three. Moseley later reorganized the table by atomic number, establishing the modern periodic table's clear periodic trends when arranged by this property. The document also outlines key properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids and how they are grouped on the periodic table.
CH1000
Fundament
als of
Chemistry
Module 1 – Chapter 3
Elements and Atoms
• What is an element?
• An element is a fundamental substance that cannot be broken down by chemical
means into a simpler substance.
• Elements are the building blocks of matter.
• Elements can occur naturally or be synthesized in labs.
• The smallest unit of an element that retains its properties and chemical
behavior is called an atom.
• Atoms are made up of subatomic particles, but they do not have the properties of the
element
Elements
•Ten elements make up
almost 99 % of the mass of
the Earth’s crust, seawater
and atmosphere.
•Oxygen accounts for about
20 % of the atmosphere
and is found in nearly all
rocks, sand and soil.
Symbols
of the
Elements
•Each element has an
abbreviation called a symbol.
•The first letter of a symbol
must always be capitalized.
•If a second letter is needed, it
should be lowercase.
Introduction to
the Periodic Table
•Elements with similar
chemical properties are placed
in columns called groups.
•Four groups have special
identifying names, like Noble
Gases, in group 8A, which are
all unreactive gases.
Introduction to
the Periodic
Table
•The eight tall columns are called representative elements, or main group
elements. These are shown in red.
•The elements in the center are called the transition metals, or sometimes
the “inner transition metals.” These are shown in purple.
Introduction to the Periodic
Table
•Elements can be further classified
as metals, metalloids and
nonmetals.
•Notice the bold, black “staircase”
on the table. Everything to the left
of the staircase is a metal and
everything to the right of the
staircase is a non metal.
• The exception is Hydrogen,
which is why some periodic
tables will show hydrogen
disconnected from the main
body of the table.
•The elements in grey touching the
“staircase” are called metalloids, or
semiconductor metals. These metals
are used in the semiconductor
industry.
Metals,
Nonmetal
s and
Metalloids
• Solid at room temperature (except mercury)
• Shiny
• Good conductors of heat and electricity
• Malleable (can be shaped)
• Ductile (can be drawn into wires)
• Most metals have a high melting point and density
Metals
• Not shiny
• Have fairly low melting points and densities
• Are poor conductors of heat and electricity
Non
Metals
• Metalloids have properties between metals and
nonmetals.
• These elements are positioned diagonally on the Periodic
Table separating the metals and nonmetals.
Metalloid
s
Diatomic Elements
•Diatomic molecules
contain exactly two atoms
•Seven elements exist as
diatomic molecules and are
shown in the table to the
left
•Diatomic elements can be
separated.
Compounds
•A compound is a substance
containing two or more
elements that are chemically
combined in a definite
proportion by mass
•Compounds, unlike elements,
can be decomposed chemically
into simpler substances
...
Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass in a periodic table. He noticed that elements with similar properties fell into recurring patterns, allowing him to predict properties of undiscovered elements. Later, Moseley arranged elements by atomic number, better reflecting their properties. The periodic table organizes elements into metals, nonmetals, and metalloids, which have characteristic physical and chemical properties depending on their group and period.
Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass in a periodic table. He noticed that elements with similar properties appeared to repeat periodically. This allowed him to predict properties of undiscovered elements and correct properties of known elements. Later, Moseley arranged elements by atomic number, solidifying the periodic law. The periodic table organizes elements into metals, nonmetals, and metalloids and is still used to predict properties of new elements.
This document discusses matter, energy, and their various forms. It defines matter as anything that has mass and takes up space, and energy as the capacity to do work. There are different types of energy including mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, and nuclear. Energy can be transferred or converted between forms. The document also discusses the classification of matter into elements, compounds, and mixtures. Elements are made of only one type of atom, while compounds contain two or more elements chemically bonded together. Mixtures can be either homogeneous, containing a uniform composition, or heterogeneous.
The periodic table is a chart that arranges the elements in rows and columns according to their physical and chemical properties. Elements in the same group have similar properties, and an element's location on the periodic table provides information about its properties. Metals are generally located on the left side and middle of the periodic table and have properties such as conductivity and luster, while nonmetals are usually gases or brittle solids found on the right side. Metalloids exhibit some properties of both metals and nonmetals.
The document provides an overview of the periodic table and classification of elements and matter. It discusses how elements are classified based on their properties, including metals and nonmetals. Key periodic patterns are described, such as how the chemical behavior of elements is determined by their electron configuration. The periodic law is explained, as well as the development of the modern periodic table with periods and families.
Science 8 Quarter 3 WEEK7 Periodic Table of Elements.pptxJaniceMukod1
The document discusses the key elements of the periodic table including atomic number, atomic mass, and how elements are arranged. It summarizes the contributions of Dmitri Mendeleev and Henry Moseley. Mendeleev arranged elements based on atomic mass and left gaps for undiscovered elements. Moseley discovered that atomic number is fundamental. The periodic table is arranged into periods and groups with metals, nonmetals and metalloids. Different groups of elements are discussed including alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, and noble gases. Examples are given of elements and their properties.
The document summarizes key aspects of the periodic table. It describes the table's organization into columns (families) and rows (periods), and how elements in the same family have similar properties and reactivity decreases moving right and down. It then highlights several important families - alkali and alkaline earth metals, which are reactive; transition elements; and noble gases. The document also defines properties of metals and non-metals, as well as metalloids.
The document summarizes the key aspects and importance of the periodic table. It describes how the periodic table organizes the elements and provides order that was lacking prior to its creation. It explains that Dmitri Mendeleev created one of the first successful long form periodic tables by arranging elements by atomic mass, with similar reactive elements in the same columns. The periodic table is now organized by atomic number. Elements in the same group have similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons. The document reviews the various families of elements and provides examples to illustrate their properties and importance.
The document discusses the particle theory of matter and defines pure substances, elements, and compounds. It then summarizes the periodic table, explaining that it arranges elements in order of atomic number and groups elements with similar properties together. The periodic table is useful for classifying and organizing the known elements. The document also categorizes elements as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids based on their physical properties and discusses representative groups of elements and essential elements in the human body.
The document discusses the periodic table, including its organization, development, and the information it provides about elements. It explains that the periodic table arranges elements in rows and columns based on atomic number and properties, allowing predictions about undiscovered elements. Each square lists an element's atomic number, symbol, name, and average atomic mass. The periodic table is organized into periods, groups/families that share similar characteristics, and nonmetals, metals and metalloids.
The periodic table organizes the chemical elements and provides information about their properties and reactions. Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number and are grouped together based on similar chemical properties. The position of an element in the periodic table can reveal whether it is a metal, nonmetal, or noble gas, as well as provide details about its reactivity and physical state. Element symbols represent the elements concisely and are typically derived from each element's name.
This document discusses elements, compounds, and the periodic table of elements. It defines elements as pure substances that cannot be broken down further. Elements have unique physical properties used to classify them, like melting point and density. The periodic table arranges elements according to these properties. It was created by Dmitri Mendeleev and contains 118 elements, showing their atomic number, mass, and whether they exist naturally as solids, liquids or gases. The periodic table is organized into periods and groups, with representative elements like the alkali metals and noble gases. Elements are divided into metals, nonmetals and metalloids based on their physical properties such as conductivity and reactivity.
The document summarizes key aspects of the periodic table. It describes how the periodic table is organized into horizontal rows called periods and vertical columns called families or groups. Elements within the same group have similar physical and chemical properties. Metals are found on the left and center of the periodic table and have properties like conductivity and malleability. Non-metals are on the right and have varying properties, often gaining electrons in reactions. Metalloids between metals and non-metals have intermediate properties. Different families like alkali metals, halogens, and noble gases are also described in terms of their physical properties and reactivity.
1. The document summarizes the history and development of the periodic table, including contributions from Greek philosophers, Boyle, Davy, Moseley, Dobereiner, Newlands, and Mendeleev.
2. It describes the key features and organization of the modern periodic table, including periods, groups, atomic number, valence electrons, and trends in physical/chemical properties for different groups like alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble gases, and transition metals.
3. Specific elements are highlighted from different groups to illustrate trends, including lithium, sodium, potassium, beryllium, barium, calcium, magnesium, strontium, radium, chlorine, brom
The document discusses the importance and history of the periodic table. It explains how Dmitri Mendeleev created one of the first periodic tables by organizing elements by atomic weight, though the current table is organized by atomic number. The periodic table groups elements into rows called periods and columns called groups based on their chemical and physical properties. Certain groups are called families that contain elements with similar characteristics, such as the alkali metals in group 1 and the noble gases in group 18.
The document discusses the key concepts of elements, compounds, atoms, molecules, and ions. It defines elements as basic forms of matter that cannot be broken down further, while compounds are formed by chemical bonds between different elements. Atoms are the basic building blocks that make up elements and can combine to form molecules or ions. Molecules may contain atoms of the same or different elements, while ions are charged particles that form when atoms gain or lose electrons.
Interactive textbook ch. 4 elements, compounds & mixturestiffanysci
This document provides an overview of elements, compounds, and mixtures. It begins by defining an element as a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances. Elements are classified as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids based on their physical properties. Compounds are then defined as pure substances composed of two or more elements chemically bonded together in specific ratios. Compounds have unique physical and chemical properties that differ from their component elements. The document concludes by explaining that mixtures are physical combinations of elements or compounds that maintain their individual identities and can typically be separated.
This document provides an overview of elements, compounds, and mixtures. It begins by defining an element as a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances. Elements are classified as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids based on their physical properties. Compounds are then defined as pure substances composed of two or more elements chemically bonded together in specific ratios. Compounds have unique physical and chemical properties that differ from their component elements. The document concludes by explaining that mixtures are physical combinations of elements or compounds that maintain their individual identities and can typically be separated.
Dmitri Mendeleev invented the first periodic table in 1869 by arranging elements in order of increasing atomic mass. He left gaps for missing elements and correctly predicted their properties. Later, Moseley improved the table by arranging elements by atomic number. The periodic table is divided into metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Transition elements make up groups 3-12, while groups 1-2 and 13-18 are representative elements including metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Each element has unique physical and chemical properties based on its position in the periodic table.
The document summarizes the development and key features of the periodic table. It describes how Dmitri Mendeleev created one of the first periodic tables in 1869 and arranged elements based on their properties. Later, Moseley improved on Mendeleev's work by arranging elements by atomic number instead of atomic mass. The modern periodic table still organizes elements into periods and groups, with transition metals in the middle and representative elements on either side.
Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass in a periodic table. He noticed that elements with similar properties fell into recurring patterns, allowing him to predict properties of undiscovered elements. Later, Moseley arranged elements by atomic number, better reflecting their properties. The periodic table organizes elements into metals, nonmetals, and metalloids, which have characteristic physical and chemical properties depending on their group and period.
Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass in a periodic table. He noticed that elements with similar properties appeared to repeat periodically. This allowed him to predict properties of undiscovered elements and correct properties of known elements. Later, Moseley arranged elements by atomic number, solidifying the periodic law. The periodic table organizes elements into metals, nonmetals, and metalloids and is still used to predict properties of new elements.
This document discusses matter, energy, and their various forms. It defines matter as anything that has mass and takes up space, and energy as the capacity to do work. There are different types of energy including mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, and nuclear. Energy can be transferred or converted between forms. The document also discusses the classification of matter into elements, compounds, and mixtures. Elements are made of only one type of atom, while compounds contain two or more elements chemically bonded together. Mixtures can be either homogeneous, containing a uniform composition, or heterogeneous.
The periodic table is a chart that arranges the elements in rows and columns according to their physical and chemical properties. Elements in the same group have similar properties, and an element's location on the periodic table provides information about its properties. Metals are generally located on the left side and middle of the periodic table and have properties such as conductivity and luster, while nonmetals are usually gases or brittle solids found on the right side. Metalloids exhibit some properties of both metals and nonmetals.
The document provides an overview of the periodic table and classification of elements and matter. It discusses how elements are classified based on their properties, including metals and nonmetals. Key periodic patterns are described, such as how the chemical behavior of elements is determined by their electron configuration. The periodic law is explained, as well as the development of the modern periodic table with periods and families.
Science 8 Quarter 3 WEEK7 Periodic Table of Elements.pptxJaniceMukod1
The document discusses the key elements of the periodic table including atomic number, atomic mass, and how elements are arranged. It summarizes the contributions of Dmitri Mendeleev and Henry Moseley. Mendeleev arranged elements based on atomic mass and left gaps for undiscovered elements. Moseley discovered that atomic number is fundamental. The periodic table is arranged into periods and groups with metals, nonmetals and metalloids. Different groups of elements are discussed including alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, and noble gases. Examples are given of elements and their properties.
The document summarizes key aspects of the periodic table. It describes the table's organization into columns (families) and rows (periods), and how elements in the same family have similar properties and reactivity decreases moving right and down. It then highlights several important families - alkali and alkaline earth metals, which are reactive; transition elements; and noble gases. The document also defines properties of metals and non-metals, as well as metalloids.
The document summarizes the key aspects and importance of the periodic table. It describes how the periodic table organizes the elements and provides order that was lacking prior to its creation. It explains that Dmitri Mendeleev created one of the first successful long form periodic tables by arranging elements by atomic mass, with similar reactive elements in the same columns. The periodic table is now organized by atomic number. Elements in the same group have similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons. The document reviews the various families of elements and provides examples to illustrate their properties and importance.
The document discusses the particle theory of matter and defines pure substances, elements, and compounds. It then summarizes the periodic table, explaining that it arranges elements in order of atomic number and groups elements with similar properties together. The periodic table is useful for classifying and organizing the known elements. The document also categorizes elements as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids based on their physical properties and discusses representative groups of elements and essential elements in the human body.
The document discusses the periodic table, including its organization, development, and the information it provides about elements. It explains that the periodic table arranges elements in rows and columns based on atomic number and properties, allowing predictions about undiscovered elements. Each square lists an element's atomic number, symbol, name, and average atomic mass. The periodic table is organized into periods, groups/families that share similar characteristics, and nonmetals, metals and metalloids.
The periodic table organizes the chemical elements and provides information about their properties and reactions. Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number and are grouped together based on similar chemical properties. The position of an element in the periodic table can reveal whether it is a metal, nonmetal, or noble gas, as well as provide details about its reactivity and physical state. Element symbols represent the elements concisely and are typically derived from each element's name.
This document discusses elements, compounds, and the periodic table of elements. It defines elements as pure substances that cannot be broken down further. Elements have unique physical properties used to classify them, like melting point and density. The periodic table arranges elements according to these properties. It was created by Dmitri Mendeleev and contains 118 elements, showing their atomic number, mass, and whether they exist naturally as solids, liquids or gases. The periodic table is organized into periods and groups, with representative elements like the alkali metals and noble gases. Elements are divided into metals, nonmetals and metalloids based on their physical properties such as conductivity and reactivity.
The document summarizes key aspects of the periodic table. It describes how the periodic table is organized into horizontal rows called periods and vertical columns called families or groups. Elements within the same group have similar physical and chemical properties. Metals are found on the left and center of the periodic table and have properties like conductivity and malleability. Non-metals are on the right and have varying properties, often gaining electrons in reactions. Metalloids between metals and non-metals have intermediate properties. Different families like alkali metals, halogens, and noble gases are also described in terms of their physical properties and reactivity.
1. The document summarizes the history and development of the periodic table, including contributions from Greek philosophers, Boyle, Davy, Moseley, Dobereiner, Newlands, and Mendeleev.
2. It describes the key features and organization of the modern periodic table, including periods, groups, atomic number, valence electrons, and trends in physical/chemical properties for different groups like alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble gases, and transition metals.
3. Specific elements are highlighted from different groups to illustrate trends, including lithium, sodium, potassium, beryllium, barium, calcium, magnesium, strontium, radium, chlorine, brom
The document discusses the importance and history of the periodic table. It explains how Dmitri Mendeleev created one of the first periodic tables by organizing elements by atomic weight, though the current table is organized by atomic number. The periodic table groups elements into rows called periods and columns called groups based on their chemical and physical properties. Certain groups are called families that contain elements with similar characteristics, such as the alkali metals in group 1 and the noble gases in group 18.
The document discusses the key concepts of elements, compounds, atoms, molecules, and ions. It defines elements as basic forms of matter that cannot be broken down further, while compounds are formed by chemical bonds between different elements. Atoms are the basic building blocks that make up elements and can combine to form molecules or ions. Molecules may contain atoms of the same or different elements, while ions are charged particles that form when atoms gain or lose electrons.
Interactive textbook ch. 4 elements, compounds & mixturestiffanysci
This document provides an overview of elements, compounds, and mixtures. It begins by defining an element as a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances. Elements are classified as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids based on their physical properties. Compounds are then defined as pure substances composed of two or more elements chemically bonded together in specific ratios. Compounds have unique physical and chemical properties that differ from their component elements. The document concludes by explaining that mixtures are physical combinations of elements or compounds that maintain their individual identities and can typically be separated.
This document provides an overview of elements, compounds, and mixtures. It begins by defining an element as a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances. Elements are classified as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids based on their physical properties. Compounds are then defined as pure substances composed of two or more elements chemically bonded together in specific ratios. Compounds have unique physical and chemical properties that differ from their component elements. The document concludes by explaining that mixtures are physical combinations of elements or compounds that maintain their individual identities and can typically be separated.
Dmitri Mendeleev invented the first periodic table in 1869 by arranging elements in order of increasing atomic mass. He left gaps for missing elements and correctly predicted their properties. Later, Moseley improved the table by arranging elements by atomic number. The periodic table is divided into metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Transition elements make up groups 3-12, while groups 1-2 and 13-18 are representative elements including metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Each element has unique physical and chemical properties based on its position in the periodic table.
The document summarizes the development and key features of the periodic table. It describes how Dmitri Mendeleev created one of the first periodic tables in 1869 and arranged elements based on their properties. Later, Moseley improved on Mendeleev's work by arranging elements by atomic number instead of atomic mass. The modern periodic table still organizes elements into periods and groups, with transition metals in the middle and representative elements on either side.
Similar to Learning_The_Periodic_Table.pptx.easy_understand (20)
ProSocial Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Understanding of Self - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
As we navigate through the ebbs and flows of life, it is natural to experience moments of low motivation and dwindling passion for our goals.
However, it is important to remember that this is a common hurdle that can be overcome with the right strategies in place.
In this guide, we will explore ways to rekindle the fire within you and stay motivated towards your aspirations.
You may be stressed about revealing your cancer diagnosis to your child or children.
Children love stories and these often provide parents with a means of broaching tricky subjects and so the ‘The Secret Warrior’ book was especially written for CANSA TLC, by creative writer and social worker, Sally Ann Carter.
Find out more:
https://cansa.org.za/resources-to-help-share-a-parent-or-loved-ones-cancer-diagnosis-with-a-child/
Procrastination is a common challenge that many individuals face when it comes to completing tasks and achieving goals. It can hinder productivity and lead to feelings of stress and frustration.
However, with the right strategies and mindset, it is possible to overcome procrastination and increase productivity.
In this article, we will explore the causes of procrastination, how to recognize the signs of procrastination in oneself, and effective strategies for overcoming procrastination and boosting productivity.
Aggression - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
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3. What is the Periodic Table of
Elements?
• Elements are substances that cannot be
broken down any further by chemical
means. There are over 100!
• The Periodic Table is the arrangement of
these elements by increasing atomic
number and similar properties.
4. Elements
• Each element on the Periodic Table has an atomic
number, symbol, name and average atomic mass.
• Atomic number – the number of protons found in
the nucleus of an atom.
• Average atomic mass – the mass of an atom
including the protons, neutrons and electrons.
5.
6. How is it Arranged?
• The elements are put into rows by
increasing ATOMIC NUMBER.
• The horizontal rows are called periods
and are labeled 1 to 7.
• The vertical rows are called groups and
are labeled 1 to 18
The red lines show the different periods and the green lines show the groups.
7. Grouped Elements Have
Similarities
• Elements in the same group have similar
properties. Remember, groups are columns.
• Chemical Property - a property used to
characterize materials in reactions that change
their identity. Ex: burning something.
• Physical Property - a characteristic of a substance
that can be observed without changing the
substance into something else. Ex: measuring
something’s length, color, mass or volume.
8. Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids
• The major categories of elements are the
metals, non-metals, and metalloids.
• Metals are lustrous, malleable, and are good
conductors of heat and electricity.
• Non-metals are elements that do not share
the properties of metals.
• Metalloids are elements that share some,
but not all the properties of metals.
9. Metals - Lustrous, Malleable, and
Good Conductors?
These are physical properties of metals
• Lustrous means shiny or reflective of light.
– Coins and jewelry are shiny and reflective .
• Malleable means capable of being shaped.
– Aluminum foil is shaped or molded around food items to
keep them fresh.
• Being a Good Conductor means being able to
allow electricity and heat to flow through.
− When you think about the wires we use for
electrical devices, they are mostly made of
copper and other metals.
10. Alkali Metals
• Elements in Group 1 (not including
Hydrogen).
• Very reactive metals. Always combine
with something else in nature.
• Salt – an Alkali Metal,
Sodium, and another
element, Chlorine,
combined.
11. Alkaline Earth Metals
• Elements in Group 2.
• Reactive Metals that are
always combined with
non-metals in nature.
• Several of these
elements are important
mineral nutrients, like
Calcium.
12. Transition Metals
• Elements in Groups 3-12.
• Less reactive, harder metals.
• Includes metals used in jewelry, money and
construction.
13. Boron Family
• Elements in Group 13.
• Boron has properties of both metals
and non-metals.
• The rest of the elements in this
group are metals.
14. Carbon Family
• Elements in Group 14.
• Contains elements important to life and
computers.
• Carbon is the basic element in all organic
compounds.
• Silicon and
Germanium are
important
semiconductors.
15. Nitrogen Family
• Elements in Group 15.
• Nitrogen makes up more than ¾ of
our atmosphere.
• The red tip of matches is made of
phosphorous.
16. Oxygen Family or Chalcogens
• Elements in Group 16.
• Oxygen is necessary for respiration.
• Many things that have a bad odor
contain sulfur.
17. Halogens
• Elements in Group 17.
• Very reactive, diatomic non-metals.
• Always found combined with other
elements in nature.
• Chlorine is used to keep bacteria out of
swimming pools.
18. Noble Gases
• Elements in Group 18.
• VERY reactive gases.
• Used in lighted neon signs.
• Helium is used to make party balloons float.