The document summarizes muscle tissue and nervous tissue. It describes the three types of muscle tissue - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle and their key differences. It then describes the structure and function of neurons, including the cell body, axon, and dendrites. It classifies neurons according to their polarity into unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar neurons. It also discusses nerve ganglia and compares spinal and sympathetic ganglia.

2. THE MUSCLETHE MUSCLE
TISSUETISSUE
Dr. Samar AskerDr. Samar Asker
Dr. Samar AskerDr. Samar Asker

3. Skeletal Cardiac Smooth
Site: skeleton heart viscera
Size: Largest Medium Smallest
Shape cylindrical Cylindrical Fusiform
Sarcomere Regular ↓ regular Absent
Sarcolemma thick very thin Thin
Striation Distinct less distinct Non
Satellite cells Present Absent Absent

4. Skeletal Cardiac Smooth
Nuclei: Peripheral,
multiple, oval
central, single,
oval
central, single,
oval
Cell Junction absent Intercalary
discs
Gap Junction
Regeneration Satellite cells no
regeneration
pericytes &
U.M.C. mitosis
Tubular sys Triad Diad Absent
Origin: Myoblast Myoblast U.M.C.
Nerve suppl Somatic Autonomic Autonomic

5. THE NERVOUSTHE NERVOUS
TISSUETISSUE
Dr. Samar Asker

6. Dr. Samar Asker
THE NEURON

7. Dr. Samar Asker
Structural and functional
unit
consists of:
Cell body
Nucleus
cytoplasm.
Processes:
dendrites and axon.

8. Dr. Samar Asker
THE CELL BODYTHE CELL BODY
The nucleusThe nucleus::
Large, rounded,Large, rounded,
usually centralusually central
and vesicularand vesicular
with awith a
prominentprominent
nucleolus.nucleolus.

9. The cytoplasmThe cytoplasm::
OrganellesOrganelles::
Nissl granulesNissl granules
NeurofibrilsNeurofibrils
Golgi apparatusGolgi apparatus
MitochondriaMitochondria
Centrioles isCentrioles is
absentabsent

10. b- Inclusionsb- Inclusions::
* Melanin pigments:* Melanin pigments:
in some nervein some nerve
cellscells
eg. cells ofeg. cells of
substania nigra.substania nigra.
* Lipofuscin* Lipofuscin
pigmentspigments: yellow: yellow
pigmentspigments
increase in oldincrease in old
age.age.
* Glycogen* Glycogen
granules.granules.
* Fat droplets.* Fat droplets.

11. Dr. Samar Asker
PROCESSES
PROCESSES

12. The axon The
dendrites
Number: Single. Numerous
Thick&
Length:
Thin &
long.
Thick &
short.
Diameter
:
It has a
constant
diameter
along its
length.
decrease
gradually
towards
their ends
i.e. tapering.

13. The axon The dendrites
Contour: Smooth. Irregular.
Branching: at its terminal
end only i.e.but
it may give
collateral
branches which
arise at right
angles. No
spines
give extensive
branching like a
tree .The branches
arise at acute
angles and may
show spines.
Content: Contains
mitochondria
and
neurofibrils
only (no Nissl
granules).
Contain
neurofibrils and
Nissl granules.

14. The axon dendrites
Conduction
of nerve
impulses:
away from the cell
body
to the cell body

15. Dr. Samar Asker
Classification of the neuronsClassification of the neurons
According to the number
of processes (Polarity):
Unipolar nerve cells:
Nerve cells are rounded
with only one process.
Site: spinal ganglia
mesencephalic nucleus of
the trigeminal nerve.

16. Dr. Samar Asker
Bipolar nerve cells:Bipolar nerve cells:
with 2 processes, awith 2 processes, a
dendrite and andendrite and an
axon.axon.
 Retina of the eye.Retina of the eye.
 Cochlear andCochlear and
vestibular ganglia investibular ganglia in
the ear.the ear.
 Olfactory epitheliumOlfactory epithelium
of the nose.of the nose.

17. Multipolar nerve cells:Multipolar nerve cells:
 Have many dendrites andHave many dendrites and
one axon.one axon.
stellate :stellate :
- Anterior horn cells of the- Anterior horn cells of the
spinal cord.spinal cord.
Pyramidal:Pyramidal:
cerebral cortex.cerebral cortex.
Pyriform:Pyriform: Purkinje cells ofPurkinje cells of
the cerebellumthe cerebellum

18. NERVE GANGLIA
Collection of nerve cells and fibers, outside the
C. N. S.
They are sensory (spinal) & autonomic
(sympathetic ganglia)

19. Spinal Sympathetic
1. Thick CT capsule .
2. Unipolar cells.
3. Variable Size
4. poor blood vessels
5. Large cells
6. Arranged in groups or
rows.
7. Glomerulus: Present
8. large number of satellite
cells
9. Myelinated nerve fibers .
10. No synapse () cells
Thin.
Stellate Multipolar
uniform size.
Rich.
Smaller
Scattered
Absent
Few satellite cells
non myelinated
Synapse present

21. practical

22. L.S in skeletal muscle

23. T.S in skeletal muscle

24. Nerve trunk

25. Spinal ganglia