Normal & abnormal radiology of brain part i

Normal and Abnormal
Radiology of CNS (Part I)
Mohammed Fathy Bayomy, MSc, MD
Lecturer
Clinical Oncology & Nuclear Medicine
Faculty of Medicine
Zagazig University

Cerebral Hemispheres
Left cerebral
hemisphere
Right cerebral
hemisphere
Longitudinal Fissure
Cerebrum

Borders
 Each cerebral hemisphere
has three border
I. Superomedial border.
II. Inferomedial border.
III.Inferolateral border.
Cerebrum

Surfaces
has three surfaces
I. Superolateral surface
II. Medial surface
III.Inferior surface.
Cerebrum

 Superolateral surface
It follows the concavity of the cranial vault
 Medial surface
It is flat and vertical and separated from its fellow by the great
longitudinal fissure and falx cerebri.
 Inferior surface
Inferior surface or the basal surface is irregular and divided
into orbital and tentorial surface.
Cerebrum

Medial surface
Superolateral surface
Cerebrum

Inferior surface
Orbital surface
Tentorial surface
Cerebrum

Occipital pole
Frontal pole
Temporal pole
Poles
has three poles
I. Frontal pole.
II. Occipital pole.
III.Temporal pole
Cerebrum

Lobes
Each cerebral hemisphere has
six lobes
1) Frontal lobe.
2) Parietal lobe.
3) Occipital lobe.
4) Temporal lobe.
5) Insular lobe.
6) Limbic lobe.
Cerebrum

Cortex and medulla
Cerebrum

Sulci and Gyri
• Each cerebral hemisphere shows a
complex pattern of convulation called
Gyrus.
• The gyruses are separated by furrows of
varying length called Sulci.
• The convulated structure increases the
cortical volume to three times what it
would be if the surface is smooth.
• The area of the cerebral cortex is 2200cm²
Cerebrum

Superolateral surface sulci and gyri
Cerebrum

(I) Lateral (Sylvian) sulcus
• Deep cleft on lateral &
inferior surface
• It has a stem which
divides into three rami:
anterior, ascending,
posterior.
• The floor of the posterior
ramus is insula which is
hidden cortex.
Cerebrum

(II) Central sulcus
• It is the boundary between frontal and parietal lobes
• It starts at the superomedial border, a little behind the
midpoint between frontal and occipital poles. It runs
downwards and forwards for about 8-10cm to end little
above the posterior ramus of lateral sulcus.
• It demarcates the motor and sensory area of the cerebral
cortex.
Cerebrum

Medial surface sulci and gyri
Cerebrum

Medial surface
In the medial surface
 The commissural fibres of
the corpus callosum lies
in the depth of
longitudinal fissure
 Parts of corpus callosum
oRostrum
oGenu
oTrunk or body
oSplenium
 The anterior part divided
into outer and inner zone
by cingulate sulcus
Cerebrum

Cingulate sulcus
Parieto-occipital sulcus
Calcarine sulcus
Collateral sulcus
Sulcus in the medial surface
Cerebrum

Sulcus and Gyrus
The posterior region of the medial surface is traversed by
parieto-occipital and calcarine sulcus. The parieto-
occipital sulcus marks the boundary between parietal and
occipital lobes.
The visual cortex lies above and below the calcarine
sulcus.
 In the inferior cerebral surface
 Olfactory sulcus
 Rhinal sulcus
 Occipitotemporal sulcus
 Collateral sulcus
Cerebrum

Orbital sulcus
Occipitotemporal sulcus
Collateral sulcus
Rhinal sulcus
Olfactory sulcus
Cerebrum

-Present within the lateral sulcus
Between temporal and frontal
Lobe.
-The overlying cortical areas are
called opercula formed from the
parts of frontal,temporal and
parietal lobe
-Functions linked to emotion and
body’s homeostasis
-i.e perception,motor control,self
awarness,congnitive functioning
interpersonal experience
Insula
Cerebrum

White matter of cerebrum
 Consists of myelinated nerve
fibres which are categorized on
the basis of their course and
connections
A. Association fibres
• It links different cortical areas of
the same hemisphere
• Two types
i. Short association fibres
 They are entirely intracotical
 Some merely pass from one wall
of the sulcus to other.
ii. Long association fibres
 They are present in bundles
 Example: uncinate
fasciculus,cingulum,superior
longitudinal fasciculus,etc
Cerebrum

Commissural(transverse)
fibres
 Commissural fibres cross the
midline, linking
corresponding areas in the
two cerebral hemisphere.
 The largest commissure is
the corpus callosum.
 Other commissures are
oAnterior
oPosterior
oHabenular
oCommissure of fornix.
Cerebrum

Projection fibres
 Projection fibres connect
cerebral cortex with lower
levels in the brain and
spinal cord.
 Consists of both
coticofugal and
corticopetal fibres
 Corticofugal fibres
converge from all
directions to form corona
radiata.
 Corona radiata continous
with the internal capsule.
Cerebrum

Commissures of brain
Cerebrum

S
C I
III
f
t
Suprasellar region

Normal & abnormal radiology of brain part i

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