well describe

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HITEC UNIVERSITY TAXILA
PAKISTAN STUDIES
ASSIGNMENT # 01
SUBMITTED TO:
MISS.ZAHIDA JABEEN
SUBMITTED BY:
SECTION # C
GROUP # D
MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH KHALID

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CAUSES OF CREATION OF MUSLIM LEAGUE:
HISTORY AND BACKGROUND:
HINDUSTAN _CONSPIRACY STONGHOLD:
When there is majority of betrayers in a nation then the presence of enemy forces is
not needed for the destruction of that nation, that nation dies itself. The biggest bad
luck of Muslim rulers was that their beloved people were involved in conspiracy
and give harm or destroy Muslim emperors like MIR JAFAR betrayed SIRAJ-UD-
DAULA.MIR SADIQ,MIR QASIM,BADAR-UL-ZAMAN,PORNIA,MIR GHULAM
ALI LANGRA etc betrayed TIPU SULTAN at different occasions. Hindus, Marathas
and Britishers were also involved in conspiracy against Muslims because Muslims
were the ruler of sub-continent at that time.
DECLINE OF MUGHAL EMPIRE (MUSLIMS):
The Mughal Empire, which had reached its zenith during the rule of Akbar, Shah
Jahan and his son, began to decline after the rule of Aurangzeb. In fact, the decline
began during the last days of Aurangzeb. There were many causes for the downfall
of this great dynasty. Let us view the causes that hastened the fall of the Mughal
Empire after Aurangzeb.
Weak successors, over comfort, No definite law of succession, Poor economy,
Moral degradation of soldiers, Rise of new powers, Coming of Europeans, Foreign
invasions etc.
WAR OF INDEPENDENCE 1857 (MUTINY):
The year 1857 bought decline to Muslim rule in sub-continent. Muslim and Hindus
participated in war of independence but the British held only Muslims responsible
for the rebellion because the clever Hindus becoming closer to British and declared
Muslims responsible of this war. The Muslims were persecuted ruthlessly and left at
the mercy of time. The Muslims found themselves helpless and needed someone to
raise voice for the Muslims.
CAUSES:
ESTABLISHMENT OF BRITISH SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT:
The system introduced after the establishment of British Government in 1858, was

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democratic in nature which means majority is authority. This system was not
suitable for Muslims because they were smaller in number than Hindus in Indian
Population. The British had already crippled the Muslims economically, if a system
based on majority rule, pure and simple, were established the Muslims were surely
going to lose. Hence this system was one of the main cause of creation of Muslim
League.
HINDU EXTREMISM AND URDU-HINDI CONTROVERSY:
In 1867, the Hindus of Banaras (specially) started a movement and demanded
replacement of Urdu by Hindi as official language. During the same period, Hindu
extremists started programs like ARYA SAMAJ with a purpose to reconvert the
Muslims into Hindu religion etc. So these were also the cause of creation of Muslim
League.
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS:
In 1885, a retired British officer A. O. Hume established the Indian national
congress. Hindus welcomed it and joined it in great numbers. Its objective was to
serve all people of India but later they serve only Hindus. This was another cause in
creation of Muslim League.
ROLE OF SIR SAYYID AHMED KHAN (R.A):
Sir Sayyid (R.A) played an important role in serving the Muslims of India.
DEMAND FOR SEPARATE ELECTORATE:
Sir Sayyid (RA) believed that the British system of elections, pure and simple, did
not suit the Indian conditions, because this will reduce the Muslims to a position of
permanent slavery and subservience to the majority community. He proposed the
system of separate electorate as an alternative. This system obviously could not be
made useful unless the Muslims had a political party of their own.
THE ALIGARH MOVEMENT:
Sir Sayyid starts the Aligarh Movement whose objectives can be summed up into
given points.
1.To bring about conciliation among the Muslims and British.
2.To spread education among Muslims, make the Muslims familiar with British
culture, way of life and English language.
3.To make Muslims loyal of British Government.
4.To develop friendly relation between Muslims and other Indian nations.
MAJOR STEPS FOR ACHIEVEMENT OF OBJECTIVES OF MOVEMENT:
It includes establishment of schools, colleges, political services, Muhammadan
educational conference etc. He wrote many magazines and books like ASBAB-E-
BAGHAWAT-E-HIND, LOYAL MUHAMMADANS OF INDIA etc.

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PARTITION OF BENGAL AND CONGRESS ATTITUDE:
The partition of Bengal by the British Government in 1905 greatly embittered the
relations between Hindus and Muslims. The partition ensured a number of political
benefits for the Muslim but the Hindus reacted towards the partitions of Bengal in a
hostile and violent manner .This made it clear that the Hindus were not willing to
give Muslims their due share. The Muslims were greatly disappointed when they
saw that the congress, notwithstanding all its claims of neutrality, was supporting
the Hindu extremists openly. It was the biggest cause of creation of Muslim League.
CHANGE OF GOVERNMENT IN BRITAIN:
Liberal Party returned to power in the 1905 elections held in Britain. The party gave
a program of political reforms meant for India. The Muslim leaders discussed the
situation and decided to make a common cause for taking up the demands of the
Muslims community with the government.
ESTABLISHMENT OF ALL INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE:
THE SIMLA DEPUTATION:
Thirty five top ranking Muslim leaders taken from all parts of the subcontinent
called on the then Viceroy Lord Minto at Simla on Oct 1, 1906. Important Muslim
demands presented to the Viceroy included ;reserved quota of seats for Muslims in
all representative bodies and separate electorate; the viceroy expressed sympathy
with the Muslim demands and promised to take them up with the British
government, the Muslim leaders were greatly encouraged by the viceroy’s response.
FOUNDATION OF ALL INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE:
A session of the all India Muhammadan Educational Conference was held under the
chairmen ship of Nawab Viqar-ul-mulk in December 1906 at Dacca. Resolution of
the establishment of all India Muslim league was moved in this meeting by Nawab
Salim ullah Khan and was seconded by Maulana Zafar Ali Khan, Hakeem Ajmal
Khan and Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar. Sir Agha khan was made the first
president.
OBJECTIVES:
The aims or objectives of Muslim League were
1. To safe guard and protect Muslims interests and to convey their demands to
British Government.
2. To create a feeling of respect and good will in Muslim for the British
Government.
3. To promote brotherhood between the different nations of India.

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CHANGE IN OBJECTIVES:
In March 1913, changes in the objectives of the All India Muslim League were
made on Quaid-e-Azam’s (R.A) initiative.
“Policy of unconditionalsubservience was forsaken in the favor of self-government
suitable for Indian conditions”. This proved to be a turning point in the history of
the Muslims of India.
EVOLUTION AND ROLE OF AL INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE:
Some main points about evolution and role of Al India Muslim League are given
below.
 Establishment; 1906.
 London Branch establishment; 1908.
 Minto-Morley Reform Act; 1909.
 Quaid-e-Azam join Muslim League in 1913.
 Demand of self-government; 1913.
 Lucknow pact; 1916.
 Delhi proposals and Simon commission; 1927.
 Jinnah fourteen points; 1929.
 Iqbal’s Allahabad address; 1930.
 Reorganization of Muslim league; 1935.
 Muslim League very poor performance in elections; 1935-36.
 Mass movement against Congress + Start of Muslim League popular movement;
1937-39.
 Pakistan (Lahore) resolution; 1940.
 Mohan Das Gandhi and Jinnah talks; 1944.
 Simla conference; 1945.
 Success in general elections; 1945-46.
 Direct action day; 16 august 1946.
 Delhi convention; 1946.
 Indian independence act; 3 July 1947.
 14 august 1947 Pakistan independence day.
Etc.

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CONCLUSION:
Muslim League thus got its object and Pakistan was created on 14th August 1947.In
short we can say that the creation of Pakistan is the result of the ceaseless efforts of
the Muslim League and the great heroes which dedicated their lives for the creation
of Pakistan. If there were be no Muslim League the fate of the Muslims of the Sub
Continent could not be changed.