Invited lecture by Professor Simon Haslett at University College, Falmouth on Tuesday 28th September 2010. Simon Haslett is Professor of Physical Geography.
The 2011 Annual Kelliwic Lecture presented by Professor Simon Haslett at Callington Town Hall, Cornwall, on Sunday 29th May 2011. Simon Haslett is Professor of Physical Geography and Dean of the School of STEM at the University of Wales.
1. Professor Simon Haslett and Dr. Ted Bryant presented evidence that a tsunami, rather than a storm, caused widespread flooding along the coasts of Wales and Somerset in 1607 that resulted in over 2000 deaths.
2. They conducted fieldwork along the coast to examine landscapes and sediment layers for signs of a tsunami, and sampled and analyzed sediments from locations mentioned in historic accounts of the 1607 flooding.
3. Their research and a BBC documentary about the 1607 tsunami received significant interest, with viewers providing new information and locations for further study, and inspiring other researchers to study tsunami history.
Presentation by Professor Simon Haslett to the Geographical Association at King's College, Taunton, on Tuesday 15th November 2012.
A presentation based on research featured in 'Killer Wave of 1607' as broadcast by BBC2 Timewatch. The flood of that year in the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary was the worst ever recorded in the British Isles. The area affected stretched from North Devon, through Somerset and Gloucestershire, and along the South Wales coast from Monmouthshire to Carmarthenshire, some 570 km of coast! The coastal population was devastated with at least 2000 fatalities according to one of the contemporary sources. In some parts of the coast the population never recovered from the social and economic disaster. Simon and his co-worker have used documentary and fieldwork evidence to propose a new interpretation of its cause as a tsunami. The BBC produced a follow-up Timewatch programme entitled 'Britain’s Forgotten Floods' that followed Simon around the British coastline examining further evidence for tsunami impact.
Mount Vesuvius is a volcano located near Naples, Italy that has erupted eight times in the last 17,000 years. On August 24, 79 AD, a major eruption buried the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum under ash, killing over 16,000 people. The eruption preserved the cities and their victims, leaving casts of their bodies. Since then, Vesuvius has had several more eruptions, the most recent in 1944, which caused damage during World War II. Today, nearly 3 million people live in the area and would be at risk from a future eruption.
Heavy rainfall caused widespread flooding across Cumbria in northern England in 2009, with a conveyor of warm, moist air from the Azores bringing 34 hours of steady rain to the region. The floods were especially severe where rivers converged in towns like Cockermouth, due to the heavy rain overwhelming drainage systems. Thousands of homes and businesses were damaged by the flooding, costing over £3 billion to repair the infrastructure and helping to make 2009 the wettest year on record for the UK.
The 2009 flood in the River Derwent, Cumbria was caused by both physical and human factors. Physically, warm moist air dropped over 400mm of rain in 24 hours, breaking the UK record, which was too much for the ground to absorb. This caused overflow that rapidly filled streams and rivers like the Derwent and Cocker. At their confluence, high discharges combined to cause flooding in Workington. Human factors were urbanization increasing impermeable surfaces and faster water flow into rivers, and blocked or inadequate sewers in towns like Cockermouth and Keswick that caused flooding.
Carlisle, located on the flood plain of the River Eden where three rivers meet, has a long history of flooding. The January 2005 floods were caused by exceptionally heavy rainfall that saturated the ground and led to rapid rising of river levels. Over 2,700 homes were affected, three people died, and costs were estimated at over £400 million. Impacts included homes flooded to the second floor, emergency services stations flooded, and difficulties with evacuation efforts. Responses involved immediate evacuation of people and relief centers, as well as long-term plans for flood management schemes and engineering solutions.
Mount Vesuvius is a volcano located near Naples, Italy that erupted catastrophically in 79 AD. The eruption buried the towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum under ash and rock, killing approximately 16,000 people. Vesuvius had shown signs of activity in previous decades, including a large earthquake in 63 AD. When it erupted in 79 AD, it expelled molten rock and ash at a high rate, quickly covering the towns. The region was not rebuilt after the disaster due to the extensive damage, though it has since become an important archaeological site and tourist attraction. Vesuvius remains an active volcano today.
The 2011 Annual Kelliwic Lecture presented by Professor Simon Haslett at Callington Town Hall, Cornwall, on Sunday 29th May 2011. Simon Haslett is Professor of Physical Geography and Dean of the School of STEM at the University of Wales.
1. Professor Simon Haslett and Dr. Ted Bryant presented evidence that a tsunami, rather than a storm, caused widespread flooding along the coasts of Wales and Somerset in 1607 that resulted in over 2000 deaths.
2. They conducted fieldwork along the coast to examine landscapes and sediment layers for signs of a tsunami, and sampled and analyzed sediments from locations mentioned in historic accounts of the 1607 flooding.
3. Their research and a BBC documentary about the 1607 tsunami received significant interest, with viewers providing new information and locations for further study, and inspiring other researchers to study tsunami history.
Presentation by Professor Simon Haslett to the Geographical Association at King's College, Taunton, on Tuesday 15th November 2012.
A presentation based on research featured in 'Killer Wave of 1607' as broadcast by BBC2 Timewatch. The flood of that year in the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary was the worst ever recorded in the British Isles. The area affected stretched from North Devon, through Somerset and Gloucestershire, and along the South Wales coast from Monmouthshire to Carmarthenshire, some 570 km of coast! The coastal population was devastated with at least 2000 fatalities according to one of the contemporary sources. In some parts of the coast the population never recovered from the social and economic disaster. Simon and his co-worker have used documentary and fieldwork evidence to propose a new interpretation of its cause as a tsunami. The BBC produced a follow-up Timewatch programme entitled 'Britain’s Forgotten Floods' that followed Simon around the British coastline examining further evidence for tsunami impact.
Mount Vesuvius is a volcano located near Naples, Italy that has erupted eight times in the last 17,000 years. On August 24, 79 AD, a major eruption buried the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum under ash, killing over 16,000 people. The eruption preserved the cities and their victims, leaving casts of their bodies. Since then, Vesuvius has had several more eruptions, the most recent in 1944, which caused damage during World War II. Today, nearly 3 million people live in the area and would be at risk from a future eruption.
Heavy rainfall caused widespread flooding across Cumbria in northern England in 2009, with a conveyor of warm, moist air from the Azores bringing 34 hours of steady rain to the region. The floods were especially severe where rivers converged in towns like Cockermouth, due to the heavy rain overwhelming drainage systems. Thousands of homes and businesses were damaged by the flooding, costing over £3 billion to repair the infrastructure and helping to make 2009 the wettest year on record for the UK.
The 2009 flood in the River Derwent, Cumbria was caused by both physical and human factors. Physically, warm moist air dropped over 400mm of rain in 24 hours, breaking the UK record, which was too much for the ground to absorb. This caused overflow that rapidly filled streams and rivers like the Derwent and Cocker. At their confluence, high discharges combined to cause flooding in Workington. Human factors were urbanization increasing impermeable surfaces and faster water flow into rivers, and blocked or inadequate sewers in towns like Cockermouth and Keswick that caused flooding.
Carlisle, located on the flood plain of the River Eden where three rivers meet, has a long history of flooding. The January 2005 floods were caused by exceptionally heavy rainfall that saturated the ground and led to rapid rising of river levels. Over 2,700 homes were affected, three people died, and costs were estimated at over £400 million. Impacts included homes flooded to the second floor, emergency services stations flooded, and difficulties with evacuation efforts. Responses involved immediate evacuation of people and relief centers, as well as long-term plans for flood management schemes and engineering solutions.
Mount Vesuvius is a volcano located near Naples, Italy that erupted catastrophically in 79 AD. The eruption buried the towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum under ash and rock, killing approximately 16,000 people. Vesuvius had shown signs of activity in previous decades, including a large earthquake in 63 AD. When it erupted in 79 AD, it expelled molten rock and ash at a high rate, quickly covering the towns. The region was not rebuilt after the disaster due to the extensive damage, though it has since become an important archaeological site and tourist attraction. Vesuvius remains an active volcano today.
Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79 AD, burying the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum in ash and killing over 10,000 people. The eruption blocked out the sun for two days and demolished the cities, covering them in ash. Today, over 700,000 people live near Vesuvius and would be in danger if it were to erupt again.
Mount St. Helens is a volcano located in Washington state near Seattle and Portland. In 1980, it erupted in the deadliest volcanic eruption in U.S. history, killing 57 people. The eruption destroyed 200 miles of highway and 250 homes. It occurred when the Juan de Fuca tectonic plate subducted under the North American plate, causing pressure that resulted in an earthquake and eruption. The eruption devastated the surrounding area through ash and debris flows.
The document discusses volcanoes, including:
- Volcanoes form when magma is forced from below the Earth's surface. There are currently around 50-60 volcanic eruptions per year.
- The main types of erupted material are lava and ash. The three main types of volcanoes are cinder cones, shield volcanoes, and composite volcanoes.
- Composite volcanoes are the most explosive and dangerous type, examples being Mount St. Helens and Mount Fuji. Large eruptions can have devastating effects like pyroclastic flows and ash falls.
The document summarizes the Boscastle floods that occurred on August 16, 2004 in Boscastle, North Cornwall. Heavy rainfall of 185mm in under 5 hours caused the Valency, Jordan and Paradise rivers to flood. The physical causes were the convergence of the three rivers in the small village, heavy rainfall from frontal weather systems, and steep, narrow valleys with thin soils that resulted in rapid runoff. Human causes included development on the narrow floodplain and increased population from tourism that doubled during the season. Effects included 58 flooded properties, four demolished homes, and over 100 vehicles lost in the floods or harbor.
Mt. St. Helens is a volcano located in Washington State that last erupted in 1980. [1] The eruption killed 57 people and caused widespread damage and environmental impacts. [2] It produced a landslide and later pyroclastic flows that destroyed forests, homes and infrastructure. [3] The eruption had significant economic and social costs for the region.
The village of Boscastle in Cornwall, UK suffered severe flooding in August 2004 when 89mm of rain fell in one hour. The heavy rainfall combined with the steep, narrow valleys and impermeable soil meant water quickly overwhelmed the narrow river channels running through the village. Over 150 people had to be rescued by helicopter and many homes and businesses were damaged by the floodwaters.
The U.S. military conducted tests in the 1940s called Project Seal off the coasts of New Zealand and New Caledonia to test the feasibility of creating tsunamis with explosives. Over 3,700 bombs were detonated to try to create a 33 foot tall tsunami that could devastate a small coastal city. Researchers determined they could create a tsunami through precisely positioning 10 large offshore explosions. However, the documents note that creating a tsunami would require 2 million kilograms of explosives and careful placement of bombs in a line 5 miles offshore, making it an impractical military weapon.
An earthquake can range from a mild tremor to a large-scale movement causing extensive damage over a wide area. Major earthquakes can be devastating, breaking electrical lines or gas pipes and causing fires. Tremors during earthquakes can also cause soil liquefaction by making saturated soil lose strength and transform from solid to liquid. Some historical earthquakes in India include the 1905 Kangra earthquake that killed 20,000 people, and the 1934 Bihar earthquake that killed nearly 11,000. The 2001 Bhuj earthquake killed over 13,000 and destroyed 800,000 homes and damaged roads and bridges.
On May 18, 1980, Mount St. Helens erupted, destroying over 15 cubic kilometers of timber and killing 57 people. Mount St. Helens is an active volcano located in Washington state on the boundary between the North American and Juan de Fuca tectonic plates. As the Juan de Fuca plate slid under the North American plate, it melted and caused magma to rise and build up in Mount St. Helens, resulting in earthquakes until the top of the volcano was blown off in the eruption. The eruption covered over 60,000 square kilometers with volcanic debris and ash and caused extensive economic and environmental damage to the surrounding area.
The 1906 San Francisco earthquake struck Northern California on April 18th with a magnitude of 7.8. Over 3,000 people were killed and 80% of San Francisco was destroyed by the earthquake and subsequent fires. The earthquake was caused by movement along the San Andreas Fault, where the Pacific and North American tectonic plates meet. Survivors were left homeless and faced hardship as the city worked to recover from the devastating natural disaster.
Landslides can cause disasters by moving rocks from slight ground movements driven by gravity along with other factors. An earthquake in Napier, New Zealand on February 3, 1931 at 10:30 am killed 256 people and seriously injured 365, and was believed to be a major aftershock from an earthquake in Australia. Tsunamis, also called harbor or tidal waves, can vary in size and height, with those over 20 meters having only a 5% chance of survival.
The Panama Canal was first attempted by the French from 1879 to 1889 but failed due to poor working conditions, extreme weather, and lack of funds. The United States took over the project in 1904 and improved sanitation, reducing disease and improving worker morale. After 10 years of construction and over 5,600 worker deaths, the canal opened in 1914 using a system of dams, lakes, and locks to raise and lower ships across the isthmus.
A case study on the Eyjafjallajökull Icelandic Eruption of 2010. Suitable for GCSE, AS Level, A Level Geography and beyond. Complete with stunning images.
The document discusses tsunamis, including their causes and most destructive historical events. It provides details on four questions: 1) Natural events that can cause tsunamis include earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions and meteor strikes underwater. 2) Tsunamis are incorrectly called tidal waves or seismic sea waves, as they are more like a wall of water rather than a wave, and can be caused by underwater seismic events rather than tides or waves. 3) Most tsunamis occur in the Pacific Ring of Fire due to the many earthquake- and volcanic-prone boundaries there. 4) A chart lists some of the most destructive tsunamis by date, location, cause, deaths
Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79AD, destroying the Roman city of Pompeii. The eruption began without warning, filling the sky with ash and raining down pebbles and stones. Some Pompeii residents went outside during the storm, not realizing the danger, while others sought painless ways to end their lives as the eruption destroyed the city over 18 hours. Archaeologists later discovered skeletons and ash bodies in Pompeii, confirming accounts of the eruption.
Montserrat is a small Caribbean island where the Soufriere Hills volcano began erupting in 1995, destroying much of the southern half of the island. The most intense eruptions occurred in 1997, covering over 2/3 of the island in ash and forcing over half of the population to evacuate. The eruptions closed the airport and port, destroyed infrastructure like schools and hospitals, and devastated the island's economy by ruining the tourism and agriculture industries. In response, the British government provided aid funds, the Montserrat Volcano Observatory was established to monitor future volcanic activity, and the capital was relocated to the safer northern side of the island.
This document discusses river basin management planning in the Severn Estuary region. It provides an overview of the current status of water bodies, noting that 40% have achieved good status with the objectives to increase that to 57% by 2021 and beyond. Partnership working through a catchment based approach is key to planning. River basin planning encourages shared decision making and delivery between partners. The document outlines the river basin planning timetable and lists resources for further information.
This document provides a static demo for a library database application, with options to reserve a document, borrow a document, view a reader's borrow record, update a reader's information, and add new documents or readers through interface buttons.
La pandemia de COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto significativo en la economía mundial y las vidas de las personas. Muchos países han impuesto medidas de confinamiento que han cerrado negocios y escuelas. Aunque estas medidas han ayudado a reducir la propagación del virus, también han causado un aumento en el desempleo y problemas económicos. Se espera que la recuperación económica lleve tiempo a medida que los países reabran gradualmente y las personas se sientan seguras para volver a trabajar y gastar.
Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79 AD, burying the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum in ash and killing over 10,000 people. The eruption blocked out the sun for two days and demolished the cities, covering them in ash. Today, over 700,000 people live near Vesuvius and would be in danger if it were to erupt again.
Mount St. Helens is a volcano located in Washington state near Seattle and Portland. In 1980, it erupted in the deadliest volcanic eruption in U.S. history, killing 57 people. The eruption destroyed 200 miles of highway and 250 homes. It occurred when the Juan de Fuca tectonic plate subducted under the North American plate, causing pressure that resulted in an earthquake and eruption. The eruption devastated the surrounding area through ash and debris flows.
The document discusses volcanoes, including:
- Volcanoes form when magma is forced from below the Earth's surface. There are currently around 50-60 volcanic eruptions per year.
- The main types of erupted material are lava and ash. The three main types of volcanoes are cinder cones, shield volcanoes, and composite volcanoes.
- Composite volcanoes are the most explosive and dangerous type, examples being Mount St. Helens and Mount Fuji. Large eruptions can have devastating effects like pyroclastic flows and ash falls.
The document summarizes the Boscastle floods that occurred on August 16, 2004 in Boscastle, North Cornwall. Heavy rainfall of 185mm in under 5 hours caused the Valency, Jordan and Paradise rivers to flood. The physical causes were the convergence of the three rivers in the small village, heavy rainfall from frontal weather systems, and steep, narrow valleys with thin soils that resulted in rapid runoff. Human causes included development on the narrow floodplain and increased population from tourism that doubled during the season. Effects included 58 flooded properties, four demolished homes, and over 100 vehicles lost in the floods or harbor.
Mt. St. Helens is a volcano located in Washington State that last erupted in 1980. [1] The eruption killed 57 people and caused widespread damage and environmental impacts. [2] It produced a landslide and later pyroclastic flows that destroyed forests, homes and infrastructure. [3] The eruption had significant economic and social costs for the region.
The village of Boscastle in Cornwall, UK suffered severe flooding in August 2004 when 89mm of rain fell in one hour. The heavy rainfall combined with the steep, narrow valleys and impermeable soil meant water quickly overwhelmed the narrow river channels running through the village. Over 150 people had to be rescued by helicopter and many homes and businesses were damaged by the floodwaters.
The U.S. military conducted tests in the 1940s called Project Seal off the coasts of New Zealand and New Caledonia to test the feasibility of creating tsunamis with explosives. Over 3,700 bombs were detonated to try to create a 33 foot tall tsunami that could devastate a small coastal city. Researchers determined they could create a tsunami through precisely positioning 10 large offshore explosions. However, the documents note that creating a tsunami would require 2 million kilograms of explosives and careful placement of bombs in a line 5 miles offshore, making it an impractical military weapon.
An earthquake can range from a mild tremor to a large-scale movement causing extensive damage over a wide area. Major earthquakes can be devastating, breaking electrical lines or gas pipes and causing fires. Tremors during earthquakes can also cause soil liquefaction by making saturated soil lose strength and transform from solid to liquid. Some historical earthquakes in India include the 1905 Kangra earthquake that killed 20,000 people, and the 1934 Bihar earthquake that killed nearly 11,000. The 2001 Bhuj earthquake killed over 13,000 and destroyed 800,000 homes and damaged roads and bridges.
On May 18, 1980, Mount St. Helens erupted, destroying over 15 cubic kilometers of timber and killing 57 people. Mount St. Helens is an active volcano located in Washington state on the boundary between the North American and Juan de Fuca tectonic plates. As the Juan de Fuca plate slid under the North American plate, it melted and caused magma to rise and build up in Mount St. Helens, resulting in earthquakes until the top of the volcano was blown off in the eruption. The eruption covered over 60,000 square kilometers with volcanic debris and ash and caused extensive economic and environmental damage to the surrounding area.
The 1906 San Francisco earthquake struck Northern California on April 18th with a magnitude of 7.8. Over 3,000 people were killed and 80% of San Francisco was destroyed by the earthquake and subsequent fires. The earthquake was caused by movement along the San Andreas Fault, where the Pacific and North American tectonic plates meet. Survivors were left homeless and faced hardship as the city worked to recover from the devastating natural disaster.
Landslides can cause disasters by moving rocks from slight ground movements driven by gravity along with other factors. An earthquake in Napier, New Zealand on February 3, 1931 at 10:30 am killed 256 people and seriously injured 365, and was believed to be a major aftershock from an earthquake in Australia. Tsunamis, also called harbor or tidal waves, can vary in size and height, with those over 20 meters having only a 5% chance of survival.
The Panama Canal was first attempted by the French from 1879 to 1889 but failed due to poor working conditions, extreme weather, and lack of funds. The United States took over the project in 1904 and improved sanitation, reducing disease and improving worker morale. After 10 years of construction and over 5,600 worker deaths, the canal opened in 1914 using a system of dams, lakes, and locks to raise and lower ships across the isthmus.
A case study on the Eyjafjallajökull Icelandic Eruption of 2010. Suitable for GCSE, AS Level, A Level Geography and beyond. Complete with stunning images.
The document discusses tsunamis, including their causes and most destructive historical events. It provides details on four questions: 1) Natural events that can cause tsunamis include earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions and meteor strikes underwater. 2) Tsunamis are incorrectly called tidal waves or seismic sea waves, as they are more like a wall of water rather than a wave, and can be caused by underwater seismic events rather than tides or waves. 3) Most tsunamis occur in the Pacific Ring of Fire due to the many earthquake- and volcanic-prone boundaries there. 4) A chart lists some of the most destructive tsunamis by date, location, cause, deaths
Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79AD, destroying the Roman city of Pompeii. The eruption began without warning, filling the sky with ash and raining down pebbles and stones. Some Pompeii residents went outside during the storm, not realizing the danger, while others sought painless ways to end their lives as the eruption destroyed the city over 18 hours. Archaeologists later discovered skeletons and ash bodies in Pompeii, confirming accounts of the eruption.
Montserrat is a small Caribbean island where the Soufriere Hills volcano began erupting in 1995, destroying much of the southern half of the island. The most intense eruptions occurred in 1997, covering over 2/3 of the island in ash and forcing over half of the population to evacuate. The eruptions closed the airport and port, destroyed infrastructure like schools and hospitals, and devastated the island's economy by ruining the tourism and agriculture industries. In response, the British government provided aid funds, the Montserrat Volcano Observatory was established to monitor future volcanic activity, and the capital was relocated to the safer northern side of the island.
This document discusses river basin management planning in the Severn Estuary region. It provides an overview of the current status of water bodies, noting that 40% have achieved good status with the objectives to increase that to 57% by 2021 and beyond. Partnership working through a catchment based approach is key to planning. River basin planning encourages shared decision making and delivery between partners. The document outlines the river basin planning timetable and lists resources for further information.
This document provides a static demo for a library database application, with options to reserve a document, borrow a document, view a reader's borrow record, update a reader's information, and add new documents or readers through interface buttons.
La pandemia de COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto significativo en la economía mundial y las vidas de las personas. Muchos países han impuesto medidas de confinamiento que han cerrado negocios y escuelas. Aunque estas medidas han ayudado a reducir la propagación del virus, también han causado un aumento en el desempleo y problemas económicos. Se espera que la recuperación económica lleve tiempo a medida que los países reabran gradualmente y las personas se sientan seguras para volver a trabajar y gastar.
2007 07 Working Together for Coastal Planning - Tim Stojanovic, EU Corepoint ...SevernEstuary
This document discusses strategic coastal planning and policy integration around the Severn Estuary. It outlines the purpose of strategic environmental assessments (SEA) in evaluating the environmental impacts of development plans near coastal areas. The SEA process assesses plans and policies to ensure sustainable development and improved environmental outcomes through identifying issues, consulting stakeholders, evaluating alternatives and monitoring impacts.
1) The Doors of Perception was originally a phrase from a William Blake poem that was later used as the title of a book by Aldous Huxley about his experiences on psychedelic drugs. Jim Morrison named his band The Doors after Huxley's book.
2) The next person on an exclusive list of members of the "27 Club" who died at age 27 is Amy Winehouse.
3) Pablo Escobar was the head of the Medellin drug cartel and one of the most powerful drug lords, making money from cocaine smuggling with help from George Jung. The last image depicts Escobar being shot by Colombian authorities.
The document summarizes research into the possible causes of the 1607 flood in the Bristol Channel area of the UK. It describes evidence from historical documents of a catastrophic flooding event. The researchers investigated the theory that it was caused by a tsunami rather than a storm surge, through field work examining coastal landscapes and sediment layers for tsunami signatures. While the data collected added to the debate, the researchers were unable to conclusively determine whether a storm surge or tsunami caused the 1607 flood.
A tsunami in South Wales? The 1607 flood in the Bristol Channel and Severn Es...Prof Simon Haslett
The flood of 1607 was the worst natural disaster ever recorded in the British Isles. The flood affected most of the South Wales coast from Carmarthenshire in the west to Monmouthshire in the east. On the other side of the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary, parts of Southwest England were also severely affected stretching from North Devon, through to Somerset and Gloucestershire, which together with South Wales amounts to 570 km of coastline. The coastal population was devastated with at least 2000 fatalities according to one of the contemporary sources. In some parts of the coast the population never recovered from the social and economic disaster. But what caused the flood? This seminar looks at historical documentary and geographical fieldwork evidence collected by Professor Simon Haslett and co-workers in proposing that the 1607 flood may have been due to a tsunami.
This document discusses plate tectonics and related landforms, earthquakes, and volcanoes. It begins by describing the four main types of plate boundaries and associated landforms such as mid-oceanic ridges, trenches, and island arcs. It then covers causes of earthquakes including sudden stress release along faults, and factors that influence earthquake damage such as magnitude, building design, and population density. Prediction methods like elastic rebound theory and seismic gaps are also mentioned. Finally, it discusses volcanoes, noting where they form at plate boundaries and hotspots, how scientists monitor and predict eruptions, associated hazards from lava to tsunamis, and ways to reduce risks like controlling lava flows and using hazard maps.
This document provides information about tsunamis through several examples of destructive tsunamis throughout history. It discusses what causes tsunamis, how they propagate and grow in shallow water, and their devastating effects on coastlines. Specific tsunamis summarized include the 1929 Grand Banks tsunami that killed 29 in Newfoundland, the 1946 Aleutian tsunami that caused over $165 million in damage and deaths in Hawaii, and the 1996 Peru tsunami that struck cities along 590 km of coastline.
This document summarizes a history of flash flooding events in Boscastle, Cornwall and surrounding areas in the UK dating back to the 18th century. It notes several major flooding events that caused significant damage, including in 1827, 1847, 1952 and most recently in 2004 when over 1,000 residents and visitors were affected in Boscastle. The 2004 flooding was described as the largest peacetime rescue in British history, with 58 properties flooded and thousands of pounds needed for infrastructure repairs. While views on climate change conflict, the document acknowledges climate is changing and instances of severe storms and floods are expected to increase.
The document provides information about tsunamis, including what causes them, how they behave in deep ocean versus shallow coastal waters, examples of destructive past tsunamis, and tips for preparing for tsunamis. It discusses how tsunamis are formed by earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions and other events. It also explains that while tsunamis have long wavelengths and travel fast in deep ocean, they slow down and grow taller as they reach shallow coastal waters, potentially reaching over 100 feet high. Examples of destructive tsunamis discussed include those in Hawaii in 1975 and 1960, Alaska in 1964, Chile in 1960, and Peru in 1996.
The document discusses various types of tsunamis including those caused by landslides, meteorological conditions, and human activities. It provides examples of destructive meteotsunamis and discusses attempts to artificially trigger tsunamis through explosions. The characteristics of tsunamis are explained, noting that while waves have short wavelengths in deep ocean, they have much longer wavelengths and travel very quickly. The document also discusses drawback effects, forecasting tsunami probability, anatomy of tsunamis, facts about tsunamis, and preparation and safety during and after tsunamis.
The canyon provides a green oasis closer than one may think. Hiking its trails can be treacherous but rewarding. The author describes their experience hiking difficult trails in Spearfish Canyon. They had to climb steep hills with loose rocks and heave over fallen trees and boulders, tiring themselves as the trails got steeper. Their ankles relied on sturdy boots as they hiked hundreds of feet up the mountain.
1) Glacial Lake Missoula formed during the last ice age when an ice dam blocked the Clark Fork River, causing a huge lake to form. The lake drained catastrophically when the ice dam failed, carving out features like ripple marks and waterfalls.
2) These floods discharged at rates over 600 times the modern Amazon River and formed huge ripple marks up to 30 meters tall. Analysis of sediment layers indicates periods of both low and high energy deposition from the filling and draining of the lakes.
3) Flood waters from Lake Missoula entered a second ice-dammed lake, Glacial Lake Columbia, and found outlets through channels now known as the Channeled Sc
This document is a PowerPoint presentation on tsunamis submitted by Jisha Antony for their social science class. It introduces tsunamis, explaining that they are a series of waves caused by displacement of water, generally in oceans or large lakes, due to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides or other disturbances above or below water. It then covers the etymology, history, effects and warnings of tsunamis, noting Japan's long history with tsunamis and the devastating 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. The presentation discusses drawbacks like deceptive troughs and receding waters, and concludes that while tsunami prediction has improved, much remains unknown about what triggers them.
This document discusses the prediction and impacts of volcanic eruptions. It describes methods for long-term and short-term prediction of eruptions based on monitoring factors like gas emissions, surface tilting, and earthquake activity. The impacts discussed include hazards from lava flows, ash falls, pyroclastic flows, lahars, nuée ardentes, landslides, volcanic gases, tsunamis, and potential effects on global climate. Examples of historically deadly eruptions like Mount Pelée and Krakatoa are provided. The document also introduces the concept of supervolcanic eruptions ejecting over 1,000 cubic km of material.
1) The document discusses earthquakes, including what causes them, where they are located, and their effects. Most earthquakes occur at plate boundaries where tectonic plates meet.
2) Specific examples of earthquake events are described, such as the 1906 San Francisco earthquake which was caused by movement on the San Andreas Fault.
3) Consequences of earthquakes like building damage, fires, landslides and tsunamis are explained. Mitigation strategies to reduce earthquake risks are also outlined.
Tsunami is a Japanese word meaning harbor wave. Tsunamis are series of large waves generated by earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, or other disturbances that displace large volumes of water. The first recorded tsunami was in 1480 BC in the Mediterranean. Tsunamis cause devastating damage when they reach coastal areas due to their ability to flood large areas inland with fast-moving water. Proper warning systems and evacuation of coastal areas can help reduce loss of life from tsunamis.
A tsunami is a series of enormous ocean waves generated by earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, or meteor impacts that displace large volumes of water and cause catastrophic damage when they reach land. Tsunamis are very difficult to detect when they approach coastal areas out in the open ocean, and can travel at over 500 mph. Areas near fault lines in the Pacific Ocean called "seismic zones" are particularly at high risk of experiencing tsunamis. On December 26, 2004, a 9.3 magnitude earthquake in the Indian Ocean triggered a devastating tsunami that killed over 230,000 people across 14 countries, with deaths reported as far away as Africa.
Earthquakes occur along plate boundaries due to the buildup and sudden release of energy from shifting tectonic plates. When plates lock, potential energy builds until released as seismic waves that propagate outward from the earthquake focus. Most earthquakes occur along oceanic and continental plate edges or along faults like normal, reverse, and transform boundaries. P and S waves are the primary seismic waves, with P waves traveling faster and S waves causing the shaking felt during quakes. Earthquake magnitude measures the energy released using the Richter scale, while intensity qualitatively describes the shaking effects on a place using the Mercalli scale.
This document lists and provides details about various natural and man-made disasters. It discusses the top 10 natural disasters including earthquakes, tornados, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, floods, wildfires, droughts, avalanches, and landslides. For each type of disaster, it gives examples of significant events and impacts, such as the 1960 Chile earthquake being the largest ever recorded or the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami killing over 230,000 people. Man-made disasters discussed include the 1945 atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the 9/11 terrorist attacks, and the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
A transform boundary is a plate boundary where plates move horizontally past each other in opposite directions. Convection currents in the mantle cause plate movement. Transform boundaries collect energy from plate movement that is eventually released through earthquakes and tsunamis, as seen at the San Andreas Fault and from a Pacific Ocean earthquake that caused a major tsunami. While they do not form volcanoes or mountains, transform boundaries can create dangerous earthquakes and tsunamis.
Similar to The Hell of High Water: Tsunami and the Cornish Coast. (20)
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Publications are an important aspect of the work of an academic; remaining the principal vehicle through which research is reported, opinions aired, reviews undertaken, and knowledge transferred, and writing is also a useful learning exercise. For many, it also underpins teaching and curricula, means greater success in research grant applications, and a good publication track record is still seen by many institutions as a key recruitment and promotion criteria. Yet traditionally how to get your work published has not been taught, but learnt through trial and error, mainly from rejection by journal editors. This seminar is aimed at inexperienced academic authors and explores and discusses the issues surrounding the strategy and publication of academic work, and addresses some of the myths and barriers that might discourage would-be authors after the research and writing process is complete.
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https://sites.google.com/site/blackbarnbooks/publications/somerset-landscapes-geology-and-landforms
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The Hell of High Water: Tsunami and the Cornish Coast.
1. The Hell of High Water:Tsunami and the Cornish Coast. Professor Simon K. Haslett University of Wales, Newport Presentation on 28th September 2010 at University College Falmouth
5. Evidence of the 1607 flood 1 Contemporary historic pamphlets giving the: date (20th Jan 1606 = 30th Jan 1607) timing (“about nine in the morning” in Somerset) details of damage (2000 deaths and great economic loss).
8. Evidence of the 1607 flood 2 Commemorative plaques and inscriptions in/on churches in South Wales and Somerset.
9. Tsunami theory for the 1607 flood Some contradictory meteorological reports e.g. “a violent sea wind” (Camden, 1607) vs. “the morning … so fayrely and brightly spred” (Harleian Miscellany, 1607). Descriptions of a “wave” reminiscent of a tsunami rather than a storm e.g. “wave’s furie”. Extract from God’s warning to his people of England
10. Extracts from Lamentable Newes out of Monmouthshire Wave velocity Inland Penetration There is an extract from St. Uny’s Church that “a great influx of sand might have happened at Hayle” during the 1607 event.
20. 1607 Earthquake hypothesis Prof Michael Disney (Cardiff University) published in The Times(5th Jan 2005): “The sky was blue, the tide was high, there is a second-hand report of an earth tremor felt earlier that morning”. Local seismic activity (earthquakes) in Feb and May 1607.
22. Other British tsunami? 33 other possible UK tsunami-like events 12 recorded in Cornwall!
23. 28th September 1014 Accounts suggest that a flood affected Kent, Sussex, Hampshire, Cumbria, and Mount’s Bay in Cornwall, where the Bay was “inundated by a ‘mickleseaflood’ when many towns and people were drowned”. Marazion Marsh
24. 28th September 1014 William of Malmesbury in The History of the English Kings (vol. 1) states that “a tidal wave ….. grew to an astonishing size such as the memory of man cannot parallel, so as to submerge villages many miles inland and overwhelm and drown their inhabitants”. the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle states that “on the eve of St. Michael’s Day [28th September], came the great sea-flood, which spread wide over this land, and ran so far up as it never did before, overwhelming many towns, and an innumerable multitude of people”
25. 28th September 1014 Baillie (2007) considers this flood to have been a tsunami caused by a comet impact. Ice core data indicates that the highest ammonium spike within the historic period occurs in 1014.
26. 28th September 1014 Baillie (2007) cites Chinese astronomy in support of comet (debris?) impact. In Nova Scotia, Micmac legends include reference to possible comet impacts.
27. 28th September 1014 Tsunami models show it is possible that a large tsunami would be able to wrap around the British Isles, affecting Cumbria, Cornwall and English Channel. Dr Steven Ward (UCSC) has produced animated impact tsunami models of the Atlantic and around the British Isles. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hQqp2JxBM8
29. Documented sites in Southwest Mount’s Bay – arrival of 4 tsunami over 2 hours (<3m high). Stonehouse Creek (Plymouth) – sand sheets deposited. Lamorna Cove – boulders tossed around like pebbles. Big Pool, St. Agnes – sand sheet deposited.
33. 19th Century Tsunami 23 May 1842 – after an earthquake felt in the Scillies , several waves <2m high came ashore in Mount’s Bay creating “a very extraordinary commotion of the sea”. 18 August 1892 – after an earthquake felt from South Wales to the Scillies, “there was a rapid rise in the River Fowey as a great tidal wave”.