The document discusses tsunamis, including their causes and most destructive historical events. It provides details on four questions: 1) Natural events that can cause tsunamis include earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions and meteor strikes underwater. 2) Tsunamis are incorrectly called tidal waves or seismic sea waves, as they are more like a wall of water rather than a wave, and can be caused by underwater seismic events rather than tides or waves. 3) Most tsunamis occur in the Pacific Ring of Fire due to the many earthquake- and volcanic-prone boundaries there. 4) A chart lists some of the most destructive tsunamis by date, location, cause, deaths

1. Challenge Yourself!
1.What are some natural events that can generate a tsunami?
Some of the natural events that can cause a tsunami are the following:
- Underwater earthquake
- Underwater landslide
- Underwater volcanic eruption
- Meteor strike in the ocean
2.The term tsunami is a Japanese world whose English translation is "harbor
wave." Tsunamis are often inaccurately referred to as "tidal waves" or "seismic
sea waves." Explain why neither of these terms correctly describes a tsunami.
Tsunami’s can’t be called tidal waves or seismic sea waves, is because a tsunami
is more of a wall of water rather than a wave, also they can’t be caused by gravity
between the sun and the moon or seismic waves, but rather a displacement of
water above mean sea level
3.Roughly four out of five tsunamis happen in an area called the "Ring of Fire,"
which roughly encompasses the Pacific Ocean. Why are tsunamis most common
in coastal areas bordering the Pacific Ocean?
This is because there are many earthquake and volcanic eruptions, due to the
fact that there are many destructive boundaries, and since two of the factors of
tsunamis are underwater earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, more tsunamis
occur there
4.Create a chart which shows approximately ten of the most destructive
tsunamis of the past and current century. Include as much of the following
information as possible: date and time the tsunami occurred, world locations
most affected, cause, number of people killed, and the amount of property
damage incurred.

2. Sumatera, Indonesia (26 December 2004)
The ensuing tsunami was as tall as 50 m, reaching 5 km inland near Meubolah,
Sumatra. An estimated US$10b of damages is attributed to the disaster, with
around 230,000 people reported dead.
Lisbon, Portugal ( 1 November 1775)
caused a series of three huge waves to strike various towns along the west
coast of Portugal and southern Spain, up to 30 m high, in some places. The
tsunami affected waves as far away as Carlisle Bay, Barbados. 60,000
people were killed
Krakatoa, Indonesia (27 August 1883)
Multiple waves as high as 37 m were propagated by the violent eruptions and
demolishedthe towns of Anjer and Merak, a total of 40,000 people died but
2,00 deaths were caused by the eruption
Enshunada Sea, Japan (20 September 1498)
Caused tsunami waves along the coasts of Kii, Mikawa, Surugu, Izu and
Sagami. A total of at least 31,000 were killed
Nankaido, Japan (28 October 1707)
25 m high waves causing 30,000 buildings and houses to be destroyed and
30,000 people were killed
Sanriku, Japan (15 June 1896)
Reported waves up to 38.2 meters, A total of 26,000 people were killed
including 4,000 on China’s east coast. 11,000 peoples homes were also
destroyed
Northern Chile (13 August 1868)
Waves were reported 21m high, a total of 300 millions USD worth in
damage and 25,000 deaths
Ryuku Islands, Japan (24 April 1771)
Waves 11-15 m high, 3137 homes destroyed and 12000 people killed
Ise Bay, Japan (18 January, 1856)
-8000 dead, waves surged destroyed everything in Nagahama expect the
castle
Crete, Greece (21 July, 365)
-5700 people killed, numerous coasts around the Mediterranean were flooded

3. Two tsunami warning centers are operated by the National
Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration in the United States.
Describe where they are located, and identify the locations they serve.
How do these centers disseminate warnings about potential tsunami
activity?
-West Coast and Alaska Tsunami Warning Centre
Operates around the west coast and Alaskan region of the United States
- Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre
- Operates around the pacific area