1) The document discusses earthquakes, including what causes them, where they are located, and their effects. Most earthquakes occur at plate boundaries where tectonic plates meet. 2) Specific examples of earthquake events are described, such as the 1906 San Francisco earthquake which was caused by movement on the San Andreas Fault. 3) Consequences of earthquakes like building damage, fires, landslides and tsunamis are explained. Mitigation strategies to reduce earthquake risks are also outlined.

2. Oblique view of the San Andreas fault and San Francisco

12. So here’s the big picture of what we’re living on

16. North American seismic hazards

17. Canadian seismic hazards

18. Seismic hazard in eastern Canada

25. Richter magnitudes

28. Diplomas !

31. San Andreas fault

32. Right-lateral motion Photos from Shelton, 1966

33. Right-lateral motion Photo, diagram from Sieh and LeVay, 1998

36. 1906 - location and seismic trace Seismic trace of 1906 quake from a seismic station 15,000 miles away in Gottingen, Germany

38. 1906 - extent and slip The northernmost 430 km of the San Andreas ruptured, with horizontal slippage up to 8-9 meters

41. 1906 - earthquake damage in San Francisco

42. 1906 - earthquake damage in San Francisco

43. 1906 - earthquake damage in San Francisco

46. 1906 - some lessons not learned A topographic map of San Francisco from 1950... … and a 1980 version of the same map

47. Future quakes in the San Francisco Bay area Note the high probability of an earthquake of M > 6.6 occurring before 2030 in this area

49. Cascadia Here, there is evidence for very large earthquakes over the last several thousand years…the most recent is 300 years ago

53. Charlevoix Charlevoix also has evidence for a meteorite impact crater, which served to fragment and fracture rocks (from Lamontagne, 1999)

61. Devastating fires in San Francisco after the 1906 earthquake