The circulatory system is made up of the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), and blood, and works together to transport nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and waste throughout the entire body. The heart pumps blood through the blood vessels, delivering oxygen and nutrients to cells and picking up carbon dioxide and other cellular waste. The circulatory system forms a double loop - the pulmonary circulation between the heart and lungs, and the systemic circulation between the heart and all other tissues. Together this system sustains the functions of all organ systems.
Introduction to the Human Cardiovascular SystemNaeem Ahmad
Human cardiovascular system, organ system that conveys blood through vessels to and from all parts of the body, carrying nutrients and oxygen to tissues and removing carbon dioxide and other wastes. It is a closed tubular system in which the blood is propelled by a muscular heart.
The cardiovascular system is transport system of body
It comprises blood, heart and blood vessels.
The system supplies nutrients to and remove waste products from various tissue of body.
The conveying media is liquid in form of blood which flows in close tubular system.
Cardivascular system
Cardiovascular system include Heart and Blood vessels
Heart:
Pumps the blood
Blood Vessels:
Carries the blood to all parts of the body.
Location
Thorax between the lungs
Pointed apex directed toward left hip
From 2nd Rib to 6th Rib
About the size of your fist
The peripheral vascular system consists of the veins and arteries not in the chest or the abdomen that in the arm, hands, legs and feet.
The peripheral arteries supply the oxygenated blood to the body.
The peripheral veins lead deoxygenated blood from the capillaries in the back to the heart.
This ppt is made to make people understand about the things present in a human body and also to explain the process whicyh happen in the human body . This ppt is basicly for the students of class 7th because it made for there level only .
Introduction to the Human Cardiovascular SystemNaeem Ahmad
Human cardiovascular system, organ system that conveys blood through vessels to and from all parts of the body, carrying nutrients and oxygen to tissues and removing carbon dioxide and other wastes. It is a closed tubular system in which the blood is propelled by a muscular heart.
The cardiovascular system is transport system of body
It comprises blood, heart and blood vessels.
The system supplies nutrients to and remove waste products from various tissue of body.
The conveying media is liquid in form of blood which flows in close tubular system.
Cardivascular system
Cardiovascular system include Heart and Blood vessels
Heart:
Pumps the blood
Blood Vessels:
Carries the blood to all parts of the body.
Location
Thorax between the lungs
Pointed apex directed toward left hip
From 2nd Rib to 6th Rib
About the size of your fist
The peripheral vascular system consists of the veins and arteries not in the chest or the abdomen that in the arm, hands, legs and feet.
The peripheral arteries supply the oxygenated blood to the body.
The peripheral veins lead deoxygenated blood from the capillaries in the back to the heart.
This ppt is made to make people understand about the things present in a human body and also to explain the process whicyh happen in the human body . This ppt is basicly for the students of class 7th because it made for there level only .
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
2. Circulatory System
• The Circulatory System is responsible
for transporting materials throughout
the entire body.
• It transports nutrients, water, and
oxygen to your billions of body cells
and carries away wastes such as carbon
dioxide that body cells produce.
• It is an amazing highway that travels
through your entire body connecting all
your body cells.
• The heart, the lungs, and the blood
vessels work together to form the circle
part of the circulatory system.
• The Heart has the job of pumping
these things around the body.
• The Heart pumps blood and
substances around the body in tubes
called blood vessels
6. Need for transport inside the body
• The digestive system digests and absorbs
nutrients which have to be transported to
every cell of the body
• Respiratory system takes in air
containing O2 which goes to the lungs
from there O2 has to be transported to
every body cell and the CO2 from every
body cell has to be transported to the lungs
so that it can be given out during
expiration.
• All the extra water , excess salts and urea
have to be transported from different parts
of body to the excretory system
• Hormones secreted by endocrine glands
have to be transported throughout the body
to act wherever they are required All such
transportation is carried out by 2 circulating
fluids –
a)Blood
b)Lymph
7. Organs of Circulatory System
• The human circulatory system comprises 4 main organs
that have specific roles and functions.
• The vital circulatory system organs include:
Heart
Blood (technically, blood is considered a tissue and not
an organ)
Blood Vessels
Lymphatic system
9. THE HEART : STRUCTURE
• The right and left sides of the heart are
separated by a septum, or wall.
• The septum prevents the mixing of
oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood.
• On each side of the septum are two
chambers.
• The upper chamber (receives blood) is
the atrium. The lower chamber (pumps
blood out of heart) is the ventricle.
11. THE HEART : STRUCTURE
Heart coverings
• Pericardium
Covers the heart and large blood vessels attached to the heart
Protective sac of connective tissue
Surrounds the heart
Filled with fluid
• Visceral pericardium
Innermost layer
Directly on the heart
• Parietal pericardium
Layer on top of the visceral pericardium
12. THE HEART : STRUCTURE
Heart Wall
Epicardium
• Outermost layer
• Fat to cushion heart
Myocardium
• Middle layer
• Primarily cardiac muscle
Endocardium
• Innermost layer
• Thin and smooth
• Stretches as the heart pumps
13.
14. Three Kinds of Circulation
•Pulmonary circulation :- Movement of blood from the
heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart again
•Coronary circulation :-Movement of blood through the
tissues of the heart
•Systemic circulation :-Supplies nourishment to all of
the tissue located throughout the body , except for the
heart and lungs
15. • Colour – Bright red or dark red
• Volume – An average adult person has 5-
6 litres of blood
•
• Taste – salty since it is alkaline it has a
pH of 7.3-7.45
• Study of blood is Haematology.
16. TYPES OF BLOOD
• Blood is a set of specialized cells that transport
different substances throughout the body. Human
circulatory system carries out two kinds of blood.
• OXYGENATED BLOOD: contents oxygen and
nutrients like vitamins, salts and glucose. It is
bright red because hemoglobin.
• DEOXYGENATED BLOOD: contents carbón
dioxide and waste products from Cells nutrition
process. It is dark red due to the carbón dioxide.
17. TYPES OF BLOOD CELLS
The human body consists of three types of blood cells, namely:
Red blood cells (RBC) / Erythrocytes
Red blood cells are mainly involved in transporting oxygen, nutrients,
and other substances to various parts of the body. These blood cells
also remove waste from the body.
White blood cells (WBC) / Leukocytes
White blood cells are specialized cells, which function as a body’s
defence system. They provide immunity by fending off pathogens and
harmful microorganisms.
Platelets / Thrombocytes
Platelets are cells that help to form clots and stop bleeding. They act
on the site of an injury or a wound.
BLOOD CELLS ARE PRODUCED IN BONE MARROW
19. BLOOD VESSELS
• Arteries: Transport oxygenated from the heart to the
body.
EXCEPTION: Pulmonary artery. Its walls are bigger than
veins and are made of endothelium, smooth muscles and
connective tissue.
• Veins: Transport deoxygenated from the body to the
heart.
EXCEPTION: Pulmonary Vein. They are made of
endothelium, smooth muscles and connective tissue.
• Capillaries: Are the connection between arteries and
veins, it size is similar to a human hair and allow gas and
nutrients exchange directly to cells.
20. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
• Also known as tissue fluid.
• It is produced by the lymphatic system which
comprises a network of interconnected organs,
nodes and ducts.
• Lymph is a colourless fluid consisting of salts,
proteins, water, which transport and circulates
digested food and absorbed fat to intercellular
spaces in the tissues.
• Unlike the circulatory system, lymph is not
pumped; instead, it passively flows through a
network of vessels.
21. FUNCTIONS OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• It helps in sustaining all the organ systems.
• It transports blood, nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide and hormones
throughout the body.
• It protects cells from pathogens.
• It acts as an interface for cell-to-cell interaction.
• The substances present in the blood help repair the damaged tissue
22. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, and
includes icons by Flaticon and infographics & images by Freepik
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