This document provides information about PET scans and endoscopies. It explains that a PET scan uses radioactive tracers and detects gamma ray pairs to produce 3D images showing functional body processes. PET scans are often used alongside other scans like MRI and CT scans to aid in diagnosis and evaluate treatment effectiveness. An endoscopy uses a thin, flexible tube with a camera to examine the interior of organs. It is used to investigate conditions like cancer, ulcers and bleeding. Both procedures provide internal views of the body but PET scans show function while endoscopies allow visual examination and sample collection. Potential risks of endoscopy include tearing or puncturing organs.

2. INTRODUCTION
PET SCAN & ENDOSCOPY
 What is a PET scan?
 How does a PET scan work?
 Why are PET scan required?
 PET scans used to investigate?
 Difference between PET and other scans?
 What happens during a PET scan?
 Who should not have PET scan?
 What is an Endoscopy?
 When is an Endoscopy used?
 Main components of an Endoscope?
 How does an Endoscopy work?
 complications of an Endoscopy?
By
A.Anuja
III BSC(MPC)

3. What is a PET scan ?
 PET stands for Positron Emission Tomography.
 A pet scan is an imaging test that uses a radioactive
substance called a tracer to look for disease in the
body.
 It uses radiation, or nuclear medicine imaging, to
produce 3-dimensional color images of the functional
processes within the human body.
 The machine detects pairs of gamma rays which arfe
emmitted indirectly by a traacer.
 The images are reconstructed by computer analysis.
 PET scans are often used to see how effective an
ongoing treatment is.

4. PET scan

5. How does a PET scan work?
 Radiotracer:- Before carrying out a PET scan, a raadioactive
medicine is producead in a cyclotron(a type of machine).
 The radioactive medicine is then tagged to a natural chemical
like glucose, waater or ammonia.
 The tagged natural chemical is known as Radiotracer.
 After inserting into a human body this radiotracer will go to the
areas inside the body that use the natural chemical(eg. FDG-
Fluorodeoxyglucose, a radioactive drug)
 As the radiotracer is broken down inside the patient’s body
positrons are made.
 This energy appears as a 3-dimensional image on a computer.
 The image reveals how parts of the patients body is functioning.

7. Why are PET scans required?
 PET scans are generally used alongside X-rays or MRI
scans.
 These PET scans are used as a complementary to these
main ones.
 These are used to make a diagnosis or to get more data
 The combined imaging technologies may stop or
evenprevent heart attacks.
 The biggest advantage of PET is it can reveal how a
part of the patient’s body is functioning.

8. PET scans used to investigate?
 Epilepsy
 Alzheimer’s disease
 Cancer
 Heart disease
 Medical research

9. Difference between PET and other
scans
 A CT or MRI scan can assess the size and shape of the
bodu organs and tissue.
 They cannot assess function
 But PET scan looks at function
 MRI or CT scans tell you how theorgans looks like
while PET scan can tell you how it is working.

10. What happens during a PET scan?
 The patient does not have to spend the night in hospital if
he/she comes for a PET scan.
 The majority of patients will be told not to consume food
for at least 4-6hrs and to drink plenty of water before the
scan
 A small quantity of radiotracer will be injected into the
patient's arm and it may take 30-90 mins to reach the
target part of the body.
 Depending on which part of the body is scanned, the
processes takes from about 30-60 mins.
 Experts says that the radiotracer should have left the body
completely within 3-4hrs after entering the body.

11. Who should not have PET scan?
 Pregnant women.
 Women who are breast feeding.
 Anybody who has just had a PET scan should stay away
from pregnant women, babies and young children.

12. What is an Endoscopy?
 an Endoscopy involves examining the inside of a
person’s body using an Endoscope.
 An Endoscope is a medical device of long, thin,
flexible tube which has a light and video camera.
 Endoscopy is a invasive diagnostic medical procedure
used to examine the interior surfaces of an organ or
tissue.

14. When is an Endoscopy used?
 Endoscopy is most commonly used for the following
illness:
 Breathing disorders
 Chronic diarrhea
 Incontinence
 Internal bleeding
 Irritable bowel syndrome
 Stomach ulcers
 Urinary tract infections
 Diagnosis of cancer, biopsies

15. Main components of an Endoscope
 An Endoscope consists of:
 A flexible or rigid tube
 A light that illuminates what the doctor wants to
examine
 The light is delivered via an optical fiber system
 A lens system that transmits an image to the viewer
from the fiber scope
 Another channel to allow the entry of medical
instruments or Manipulators

16. How does an Endoscopy work?
 The patient swallows a capsule which wirelessly sends
images.
 The capsule is about the size of a multi-vitamin and
has a camera.
 As it moves inside it takes the pictures.
 The patient wears a small data recorder that receives
the data from the capsule.

18. Complications of an Endoscopy?
 According to the National Health Service less than 1%
of endoscopies have following complications:
 Piercing or tearing of an organ
 Bleeding more than normally expected
 Allergy
 Redness
 Swelling
 Fluid or pus discharge

19. Acknowledgement
I heart fully convey my vote of thanks to
Mr. Thejo moorthy ,the correspondent of vijayam
degree and P.G college
Mr. Prasad, Chemistry lecturer, Vijayam Institutions
Miss Nalini , Chemistry lecturer , Vijayam Institutions
k.Naveena, friend, Vijayam degree College
FOR GIVING ME THIS OPPURTUNITY,……

20. THANK YOU