Standard 4 Presentation

1. Chapter 2
Standard 4

2.  Met in Phila, 1774- 12
of 13 colonies
attended
 How do we respond
to acts?
 Did not want
independence
 Wrote grievances
(London ignored)
 Declaration of
Rights

3.  Paul Revere rides into Concord to warn MA
Congress
 Moves all military supplies out of Concord

5.  After Lexington/Concord- leaders decide to
meet in Phila on May 10, 1775
 Still was not thinking of independence
 Sent grievances to king
 Plan on how to raise $$ for military
 Washington lead army

6.  CC did not have power to tax, so raising $$ to
build army very difficult
 Continental Army was mainly inexperienced,
local militia.
 Mainly used guerilla warfare

7. ADVANTAGES
 British
 More people/stronger
military
 More $$$
 American
 Leadership
 Aid from France
 geography
DISADVANTAGES
 British
 Didn’t want to fight
 Problems with other
countries
 Far away from home
 American
 Colonists split
 Lacked $$$
 No navy
 No professional soldiers

8.  Surprise at Ft.
Ticonderoga
 Gunpowder and
cannons
 Bunker (Breed’s) Hill
 British victory (built
Patriot confidence
though)
 Call for independence
growing
 King hires Hessians
 Fight for money

9.  Common Sense – influenced many to vote for
Independence
 July 4, 1776- Continental Congress issues the
Declaration of Independence
 Written by Thomas Jefferson
 Writings by John Locke influenced Jefferson
 All people have certain “natural rights”
 If gov’t failed to protect or violated rights, the people
have the right to overthrow gov’t

10.  The Declaration has 4
parts
 Preamble (why doc
was created)
 Declaration of
Natural Rights (from
Locke)
 List of grievances
(complaints against
GB)
 Resolution (declares
colonies free)

11.  1/3 of pop were Patriots (Whigs)
 1/3 were Loyalists (Tories)
 1/3 were neutral
 British could only control Loyalists.
 Used them as spies, soldiers, etc., but not much

13.  Congress asks Washington to try and defend
NYC, but many fled
 British controlled it until end of war
 Next move go to Philadelphia, but British camp
in nearby Trenton, NJ
 Washington crossed Delaware river defeated
British on 12.26.1776

15.  Britain tried to capture Hudson River Valley
 Plan: Burgoyne move south and Howe move
north
 Howe goes to Phila instead
 Pushes Washington to Valley Forge for winter
 Frenchman Marquis de Lafayette and Prussian
Baron Friedrich von Steuben help train soldiers and
boost morale
 Burgoyne left and defeated at Saratoga
 Convinced France to help America

16.  America sends Ben Franklin to France to ask
for aid
 United States signs first 2 treaties
 2.6.1778- France is first country to recognize US as
independent
 2nd treaty formally makes USA and France allies

17.  Britain tries to defeat US by coming from South
 Charles Town falls, and Charles Cornwallis
becomes British General
 Cornwallis moves to Virginia, eventually to
Yorktown
 American and French surround Yorktown
 Force Cornwallis to surrender

18. Cornwallis surrenders- fighting over!

19.  John Jay, Ben
Franklin, John Adams
 Granted US
independence
 Land west to Miss.
 North to Great lakes
 South thru Florida
 Loyalists weren’t
persecuted