The article examines the emergence of the science of sociolinguistics, role in the area of linguistics. About the researchers who contributed to the development of science and their scientific activities. Rayhona Numonovna Nuritdinova "The Formation of Sociolinguistics as a Science and a Place in Linguistics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Research Development and Scientific Excellence in Academic Life , March 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38754.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/philosophy/38754/the-formation-of-sociolinguistics-as-a-science-and-a-place-in-linguistics/rayhona-numonovna-nuritdinova
This is a file on introduction of language and linguistics. The meaning of language and linguistics have been given definitions too as well as its branches.
This is a file on introduction of language and linguistics. The meaning of language and linguistics have been given definitions too as well as its branches.
Oikonyms as a Research Object of Linguoculturologyijtsrd
In the article, the development of linguoculturology in the linguistics, its researchers, the importance of learning the toponyms, including oikonyms in a lingucultural orientation were mentioned. Also, the study of oikonyms in Russian and Turkish linguistics in a linguocultural, ethno cultural orientation by linguists, and the discussion of related opinions were analyzed. The service of the oikonyms as a unit that radiates cultural knowledge, history, and social relations of the ethnos has been revealed. Kurbanov Mukhtar Dauletbaevich "Oikonyms as a Research Object of Linguoculturology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52214.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/52214/oikonyms-as-a-research-object-of-linguoculturology/kurbanov-mukhtar-dauletbaevich
English language teaching- "Sociolinguistic"Rinkal Jani
I m Rinkal jani student of Department of English from MK Bhavnagar University, here i am sharing my presentation on English language teaching and my topic is “Sociolinguistics’ It is a part of my Academic activity.
Baysun dialekt corpus: Genesis (Baysun district is in the case of “J” dialect)SubmissionResearchpa
The article about the national corpus and Baysun vernacular of the local population expressed opinions about specific issues units computerize by Xolova Muyassar Abdulhakimovna 2020. Baysun dialekt corpus: Genesis (Baysun district is in the case of “J” dialect) . International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 3 (Mar. 2020), 110-113. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i3.124 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/124/121 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/124
Formation of a Language Personality under the Influence of the Mass Mediaijtsrd
This article examines the levels of speech culture of native speakers of the Russian language and their observance of the norms of literary word use in modern everyday life. The media play an important role in the violation by speakers of the norms of the Russian literary language, in particular, the norms of actual pronunciation and accentology. Hodzhiev Rakhim Muratovich "Formation of a Language Personality under the Influence of the Mass Media" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47708.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/47708/formation-of-a-language-personality-under-the-influence-of-the-mass-media/hodzhiev-rakhim-muratovich
On the Problem of Preserving the Ecological Purity of the Language in the Lin...YogeshIJTSRD
The article attempts to analyze the problem of the ecology of language within the framework of a new direction of linguistic thought. Ibrokhimova Mokhinurkhon Ahrorkhon Kizi "On the Problem of Preserving the Ecological Purity of the Language in the Linguocreative Media Space" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Innovative Development of Modern Research , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd40024.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/40024/on-the-problem-of-preserving-the-ecological-purity-of-the-language-in-the-linguocreative-media-space/ibrokhimova-mokhinurkhon-ahrorkhon-kizi
Cosmetics are defined as “items with mild action on the human body for the purpose of cleaning, beautifying, adding to the attractiveness, altering the appearance, or keeping or promoting the skin or hair in good condition- while functional cosmetics, even if falling under the cosmetic definition, are designated as “items fulfilling specific actions like skin whitening, minimizing the appearance of lines in the face and body, protecting from the sun and sun tanning-. Ahiya Noor | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "Cosmetic Science: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45135.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45135/cosmetic-science-an-overview/ahiya-noor
Standardization and Formulations of Calotropis ProceraYogeshIJTSRD
Plants growing in arid regions have elicited increased attention, because the hostile environment, in which these plants survive, forces them to develop chemical protective systems through adaptation which is rarely found in vegetation of other ecosystems. Furthermore, many of the plants grow in areas, where the dependence on traditional, plant based medicines over industrially produced pharmaceuticals persists to this day. The two plants, Calotopris Procera giant milkweed, also named C. Persica and Calotropis gigantea crown ower , have been used widely in traditional medicine in North Africa, the Middle East, and South and South East Asia. This has led to extensive research on the chemical constituents of the plants. Both plants are known to be sources of cardenolides, and newer research has yielded a number of interesting cancer active constituents. In addition, extracts of both plants have remarkable nematocidal, molluscidal and insecticidal activities. In many regions, the wood of Calotropis plants has been used as a building material and as a source of fuel. In addition, certain parts of the plants have been used as feed for livestock. In other regions, Calotropis plants are seen as invasive species that threaten local plant life and that due to their toxicity also pose a threat to grazing eld animals. Jaffar Khan | Pankaj Chasta | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "Standardization and Formulations of Calotropis Procera" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45145.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45145/standardization-and-formulations-of-calotropis-procera/jaffar-khan
Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of ParalysisYogeshIJTSRD
Paralysis is a complete loss of motor power in any muscle group. When paralysis affects all four extremities, it is called quadriplegia when it affects only the lower extremities, paraplegia and when it affects the extremities on one side of the body, hemiplegic. For this reason, the term paralysis is generally reserved for more focal, less stereotyped weakness, for instance, affecting all the muscles innervated by a peripheral nerve. Many different anatomical lesions and etiologies can cause paralysis and determine its treatment. Bikash Debsingha | Dr. Gourav Kr. Sharma | Dr. Kausal Kishore Chandrul "Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Paralysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45108.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmacology-/45108/review-of-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-paralysis/bikash-debsingha
Comparative Analysis of Forced Draft Cooling Tower Using Two Design Methods A...YogeshIJTSRD
Cooling towers make use of evaporation whereby some of the water is evaporated into a moving air stream and subsequently discharged into the atmosphere which results in cooling of the remainder water. The current research reviews various studies conducted on cooling tower using experimental and numerical techniques. Different design configuration and operating conditions on cooling towers are evaluated by various researchers. Significant findings from researches have shown new and improved design of cooling tower with much better performance as compared to conventional design. Neetish Kumar Sao | Dr. Surendra K. Dwivedi "Comparative Analysis of Forced Draft Cooling Tower Using Two Design Methods: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45100.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/45100/comparative-analysis-of-forced-draft-cooling-tower-using-two-design-methods-a-review/neetish-kumar-sao
Criminology Educators Triumphs and StrugglesYogeshIJTSRD
This research study is geared on determining the triumphs and struggles of criminology educators. Included on the aim is to know their experiences and story being considered as teacher by accident. A qualitative research design was applied in this study. Researchers conducted a personal interview with the respondents with the aid of a guide questions which all points to main issue of this study. The findings of the study revealed that out of seven respondents, four are on the age bracket of 21 to 25 years old, two respondents are on the age bracket of 26 to 30 years old and a single respondent is on the age bracket of 36 to 40 years. Most of the respondents find enthusiasm in teaching and are aware that there is a need for them to proceed in post graduate studies for them to have a considerable salary. As to financial stability, only 1out of 7 considers herself as financially stable. The rest are saying that as of the moment, they are not yet financially stable basing on the rate of their salary. Qualification matters a lot in the field of academe because this was being shared by one of the respondents who considers herself as financially stable. Also, all of the respondents do not consider teaching as their first career of choice but most of them does not have any plan of shifting to another career. Girlie N. Cañete | Harry Santiago P. Achas | Pamela N. Cañete "Criminology Educators: Triumphs and Struggles" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45082.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/45082/criminology-educators-triumphs-and-struggles/girlie-n-cañete
A Review Herbal Drugs Used in Skin DisorderYogeshIJTSRD
The human bodys skin is an organ that allows it to interact with the environment while also shielding it from harmful external influences. People of all ages suffer from skin diseases all over the world. Its vital to keep your skin in good form for a healthy physique. Plants have been employed in some form or another since the beginning of time. This research has highlighted some prevalent skin disease issues, as well as the herbals utilized in disease therapy and the various formulations accessible in the pharmaceutical industry. Some medicinal plants have been shown to be quite effective in removing or reducing skin infection disorders. Chandramita Borah | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "A Review: Herbal Drugs Used in Skin Disorder" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45118.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45118/a-review-herbal-drugs-used-in-skin-disorder/chandramita-borah
Automatic Query Expansion Using Word Embedding Based on Fuzzy Graph Connectiv...YogeshIJTSRD
The aim of information retrieval systems is to retrieve relevant information according to the query provided. The queries are often vague and uncertain. Thus, to improve the system, we propose an Automatic Query Expansion technique, to expand the query by adding new terms to the user s initial query so as to minimize query mismatch and thereby improving retrieval performance. Most of the existing techniques for expanding queries do not take into account the degree of semantic relationship among words. In this paper, the query is expanded by exploring terms which are semantically similar to the initial query terms as well as considering the degree of relationship, that is, “fuzzy membership- between them. The terms which seemed most relevant are used in expanded query and improve the information retrieval process. The experiments conducted on the queries set show that the proposed Automatic query expansion approach gave a higher precision, recall, and F measure then non fuzzy edge weights. Tarun Goyal | Ms. Shalini Bhadola | Ms. Kirti Bhatia "Automatic Query Expansion Using Word Embedding Based on Fuzzy Graph Connectivity Measures" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45074.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/45074/automatic-query-expansion-using-word-embedding-based-on-fuzzy-graph-connectivity-measures/tarun-goyal
A New Proposal for Smartphone Based Drowsiness Detection and Warning System f...YogeshIJTSRD
This paper proposes a Smartphone based system for the detection of drowsiness in automotive drivers. The proposed system uses three stage drowsiness detection technique. The first stage uses the percentage of eyelid closure PERCLOS which is obtained by capturing images with the front camera of the Smartphone with a modified eye state classification method. The system uses near infrared lighting for illuminating the face of the driver during night driving. The second step uses the voiced to the unvoiced ratio VUR obtained from the speech data from the microphone, in the event PERCLOS crosses the threshold. The VUR is also compared with a threshold and if it is a value greater than that of the threshold, it moves on to the next verification stage. In the final verification stage, touch response is required within the stipulated time to declare whether the driver is drowsy or not and subsequently sound an alarm. To awake the driver, a vibrating mechanism is done and also the live GPS location is also sent to an emergency contact. We have studied eight other reference papers for the literature review. The system has three advantages over existing drowsiness detection systems. First, the three stage verification process makes the system more reliable. The second advantage is its implementation on an Android smart phone, which is readily available to most drivers or cab owners as compared to other general purpose embedded platforms. The third advantage is the use of SMS service to inform the control room as well as the passenger regarding the loss of attention of the driver. Abishek K Biju | Godwin Jolly | Asif Mohammed C A | Dr. Paul P Mathai | Derek Joseph "A New Proposal for Smartphone-Based Drowsiness Detection and Warning System for Automotive Drivers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45083.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/45083/a-new-proposal-for-smartphonebased-drowsiness-detection-and-warning-system-for-automotive-drivers/abishek-k-biju
Data Security by AES Advanced Encryption StandardYogeshIJTSRD
Now a days with the rapid development of multimedia technologies, research on safety and security are becoming more important. Multimedia data are generated and transmitted through the communication channels and the wireless media. The efficiencies of encryption based on different existing algorithms are not up to the satisfactory limit. Hence researchers are trying to modify the existing algorithm or even develop new algorithms that help to increase security with a little encryption time. Here in this paper, we have furnished a new technology to modify the AES algorithm which gives more security with a little encryption time and which can be used to encrypt using 128 bit key. Theoretical analysis on the proposed algorithm with the existing reveals the novelty of our work. Here we have proposed a technique to randomize the key and hidden the key data into an encrypted digital image using the basics concept of cryptography and also using the concept of digital watermarking, the concept of key hide has also been encrypted. We have also proposed a new technique to reposition the pixels to break the correlation between them. So, the proposed scheme offers a more secure and cost effective mechanism for encryption. Next on the AES criteria list good performance. Widespread market adoption will require reasonably good performance on a variety of platforms, ranging from easy tocrack smart cards to the largest servers. Good algorithm performance includes speed for the encryption and decryption process as well as the key schedule. Prateek Goyal | Ms. Shalini Bhadola | Ms. Kirti Bhatia "Data Security by AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45073.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/45073/data-security-by-aes-advanced-encryption-standard/prateek-goyal
Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Screening of Phyllantus NiruriYogeshIJTSRD
Theorigin of Phyllanthus niruri is tropical America from there it spread as a weed to other tropic and sub tropics. It is a tropical annual herb shrub which grows as weed in moist humid waste land. Phyllanthus niruri is among more than 500 Phyllanthus species that are widely spread in temperate and tropical climates region Lizuka et al., 2007. It grows 30 40 cm in height, has small leaves and yellow flowers the stem has green capsule, and blooms with flowers with 5 white sepals and apical acute anther.38g of Mueller Hinton Agar was dissolved in 1000ml distilled water in a conical flask, the mouth of the conical flask was plugged with cotton woo wrapped in aluminium foil. This was sterilized in an autoclave at 121oC for 15mns. The media was removed and allowed to cool to 45oC, later poured into a sterilized plastic petri plates which were appropriately labeled. The present study revealed the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of phyllanthus niruri. The antimicrobial activity of phyllanthus niruri shows great significant against pathogens which are responsible for common infections of skin, respiratory, urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. The phytochemical screening of oxalate, terpenoids, tannins, phenols, quinones, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and steroids were all found to be active within the plant. This bioactive phytochemicals present in P. niruri can be useful for further researches on the plant P. nururi since the phytochemicals have shown preclinical efficacies for treating human diseases’ which include hepatitis and HIV AIDS. This work has compiled the chemical constituents present and can be useful for further researches Dr. Mohammed Musa Lawan | Yusuf Sale Baba "Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Screening of Phyllantus Niruri" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44948.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/44948/antimicrobial-and-phytochemical-screening-of-phyllantus-niruri/dr-mohammed-musa-lawan
There is a need for temperature drop in a buried pipeline based on the media and process. Need of some methodology and design requirement for a set of conditions by reducing pipeline surface temperature and the temperature drops to atmospheric temperature at a particular distance of pipeline. Based on the conduction principle, desire reduction up to atmospheric temperature can be possible. Let us understand by below methods and design of Heat sink for buried pipe line. Natvarbhai Prabhudas Gajjar "Heat Sink for Underground Pipe Line" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45117.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45117/heat-sink-for-underground-pipe-line/natvarbhai-prabhudas-gajjar
Newly Proposed Multi Channel Fiber Optic Cable CoreYogeshIJTSRD
Fiber optic cables have single core and multiple core options, but single and multiple core fiber cable -˜s core design need to be updated. Newly proposed design gives facilities to multiple usage than traditional design of cable core. Cable core design needs improvement by using present technology for decreasing material and cost and by improving efficiency of cable. Research need to be carried out in this direction. What do you think Natvarbhai Prabhudas Gajjar "Newly Proposed Multi Channel Fiber-Optic Cable Core" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45116.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45116/newly-proposed-multi-channel-fiberoptic-cable-core/natvarbhai-prabhudas-gajjar
Security Sector Reform toward Professionalism of Military and PoliceYogeshIJTSRD
The need to understand and at the same time give prescriptions for the direction of security reform in Third world countries after the end of World War II has prompted the emergence of a big project called the study of security reform SSR . Within this framework emerge various theories and strategies for security reform, with various variations, including ideological variations that underlie these theories. The reform of the structural aspect is a reform of the institutional and structure of an institution, the instrumental reform includes the reform of the system, laws and regulations, while the reform of the cultural aspect is a reform of the habits or organizational culture in institutions in general and in particular the Timor Leste’s security institutions, both military and police. Arquimino Ramos "Security Sector Reform toward Professionalism of Military and Police" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45061.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/45061/security-sector-reform-toward-professionalism-of-military-and-police/arquimino-ramos
Stress An Undetachable Condition of LifeYogeshIJTSRD
Stressful life events affects human body, which may lead to cardiovascular diseases and effect metabolism and immune system. Recent studies showed increase in stress levels in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the stress levels in MBBS students. The objectives of the study are a To determine the current stress level, b To assess relation between stress level and lifestyle of college students. The present study was carried out in Ahmedabad City of Gujarat State. A total of 400 medical students were included in the study, which were selected using multi stage sampling aged between 18 years to 25 years. Students were questioned regarding their socioeconomic and life style parameters. The results showed that physical activity such as walking, exercise, yoga, meditation etc. were associated to stress levels. College students showed high stress levels with more satisfaction were mostly smokers. Their major reason for eating junk food and smoking was, increase in stress. Conclusion Majority of students suffered from moderate stress levels. Despite of having stress they were happy and satisfied with life with less no internet addiction. Spirituality and stress scales had a positive correlation as most of the students were averagely highly spiritual. Discriminant function can be used to determine the stress level of a person using age, BMI, internet addiction, spirituality, happiness scale and life satisfaction scale of that person. Jayshree N. Tolani | Dr. Nitinkumar D. Shah "Stress: An Undetachable Condition of Life" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45054.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45054/stress-an-undetachable-condition-of-life/jayshree-n-tolani
Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians Lipid Profile and Antioxid...YogeshIJTSRD
The study sought to determine the extent to which the usage of social media in the marketing of agricultural products in South West Nigeria can enhance farmers turnover. It employed the survey research design to collect data with the help of a structured questionnaire to elicit information from respondents selected from six 6 south western states. Research data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed that the use of social media WhatsApp and Facebook in marketing of agricultural products significantly enhances farmers turnover. The managerial implication is that use of Whatsapp and Facebook in the marketing of agricultural products for the enhancement of farmers’ turnover was found to have significant influence on the enhancement in farmers’ turnover from agricultural products. Policy makers in government should provide the enabling environment for the telecommunication companies to enhance their reach by installing their facilities across the length and breadth of the country so that the network coverage will be strong at all times so that the benefits of social media usage will not be constrained. Egejuru, Leonard O | Akubugwo, Emmanuel I | Ugorji, Beatrice N "Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians: Lipid Profile and Antioxidants Vitamins (A and C)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45021.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/45021/comparative-studies-of-diabetes-in-adult-nigerians-lipid-profile-and-antioxidants-vitamins-a-and-c/egejuru-leonard-o
To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid 19 Patients after Having Vac...YogeshIJTSRD
The severity and mortality of COVID 19 cases has been associated with the Three category such as vaccination status, severity of disease and outcome. Objective presently study was aimed to assess the severity and mortality among covid 19 patients. Methods Using simple lottery random method 100 samples were selected. From these 100 patients, 50 patients were randomly assigned to case group and 50 patients in control group after informed consents of relative obtained. Patients in the case group who being died after got COVID 19 whereas 50 patients in the control group participated who were survive after got infected from COVID 19 patients. Result It has three categories such as a Vaccination status For the vaccination status we have seen 59 patients were not vaccinated and 41 patients was vaccinated out of 100. b Incidence There were 41 patients were vaccinated whereas 59 patients were not vaccinated. c Severity In the case of mortality we selected 50 patients who were died from the Corona and I got to know that out of 50 patients there were 12 24 patients were vaccinated whereas 38 76 patients were non vaccinated. Although for the 50 control survival group total 29 58 patients were vaccinated and 21 42 patients was not vaccinated all graph start. Conclusion we have find out that those people who got vaccinated were less infected and mortality rate very low. Prof. (Dr) Binod Kumar Singh | Dr. Saroj Kumar | Ms. Anuradha Sharma "To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid-19 Patients after Having Vaccinated: A Retrospective Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45065.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45065/to-assess-the-severity-and-mortality-among-covid19-patients-after-having-vaccinated-a-retrospective-study/prof-dr-binod-kumar-singh
Novel Drug Delivery System An OverviewYogeshIJTSRD
In present scenario evolution of an existing drug molecule from a old form to a novel delivery system can significantly improve its performance in terms of patient compliance, safety and efficacy. In the form of a control drug delivery system an existing drug molecule can get a new life. An appropriately designed Novel Drug Delivery System can be a major advance for solving the problems related towards the release of the drug at specific site with specific rate. The porpuse for delivering drugs to patients efficiently and with fewer side effects has prompted pharmaceutical companies to engage in the development of new drug delivery system. This article covers the basic information regarding Novel Drug Delivery Systems and also advantages, factor etc. Chiranjit Barman | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kausal Kishore Chandrul "Novel Drug Delivery System: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45068.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/novel-drug-delivery-sys/45068/novel-drug-delivery-system-an-overview/chiranjit-barman
With the growth of technology their grows threat to our data which is just secured by passwords so to make it more secure biometrics came into existence. As biometric systems are adopted and accepted for security purpose for various information and security systems. Hence it is immune to attacks. This paper deals with the security of biometric details of individuals. In this paper we will be discussing about biometrics and its types and the threats and security issues which is not talked about usually. The different technologies evolved and had contributed to biometrics in long run and their effects. Sushmita Raulo | Saurabh Gawade "Security Issues Related to Biometrics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44951.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/44951/security-issues-related-to-biometrics/sushmita-raulo
Comparative Analysis of Different Numerical Methods for the Solution of Initi...YogeshIJTSRD
A mathematical equation which involves a function and its derivatives is called a differential equation. We consider a real life situation, from this form a mathematical model, solve that model using some mathematical concepts and take interpretation of solution. It is a well known and popular concept in mathematics because of its massive application in real world problems. Differential equations are one of the most important mathematical tools used in modeling problems in Physics, Biology, Economics, Chemistry, Engineering and medical Sciences. Differential equation can describe many situations viz exponential growth and de cay, the population growth of species, the change in investment return over time. We can solve differential equations using classical as well as numerical methods, In this paper we compare numerical methods of solving initial valued first order ordinary differential equations namely Euler method, Improved Euler method, Runge Kutta method and their accuracy level. We use here Scilab Software to obtain direct solution for these methods. Vibahvari Tukaram Dhokrat "Comparative Analysis of Different Numerical Methods for the Solution of Initial Value Problems in First Order Ordinary Differential Equations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45066.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/applied-mathematics/45066/comparative-analysis-of-different-numerical-methods-for-the-solution-of-initial-value-problems-in-first-order-ordinary-differential-equations/vibahvari-tukaram-dhokrat
Evaluation of Different Paving Mixes Using Optimum Stabilizing ContentYogeshIJTSRD
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The Formation of Sociolinguistics as a Science and a Place in Linguistics
1. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Special Issue on International Research Development and Scientific Excellence in Academic Life
Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470
ID: IJTSRD38754 | Special Issue on International Research Development and Scientific Excellence in Academic LifePage 121
The Formation of Sociolinguistics as a
Science and a Place in Linguistics
Rayhona Numonovna Nuritdinova
Teacher at the Department of Uzbek Language and Literature, Fergana State University, Fergana, Uzbekistan
ABSTRACT
The article examines the emergence of the science of
sociolinguistics, role in the area of linguistics. About the
researchers who contributed to the development of
science and their scientific activities.
KEYWORDS: sociolinguistics, social conditions, external
factors, language, parole, blingvism, multilingualism
Sociolinguistics is a branch of linguistics that studies
language in relation to social conditions. The term "social
condition" refers to the influence of external and internal
factors on the language. Research methods should take
into account a sociological approach. In other words, these
factors play an important role in the development of the
language. An external factor is a collection of people,
society, social stratification of society - age, status, culture
and level of education, living conditions, etc. External
factors directly lead to changes in internal factors. These
obligatory changes in the internal factor gave rise to the
field of the sociological application of language. The
peculiarity of this science is that it is a scientific analysis of
certain common features, contradictions and differences
between the "street" language and the literary language,
subject to the rules.
The imbalance between language and its perception has
existed since time immemorial. At the same time, the
difference in language expression from a social point of
view has long attracted the attention of many language
experts. In the field of linguistics, Gonzalo de Correas,
professor at the University of Salamanca, Spain, gave the
first scientific information on this matter at the beginning
of the 17th century. We can observe these differences in
the speech of the population, distinguished gentlemen and
officials, historians, scientists, elderly people, women and
men and even small children”[1].
The term "sociolinguistics" was first used in 1952 by the
American sociologist Herman Kerry. In fact, research in
this area takes into account its roots in the early 19th
century, and the foundations go back to European and
Russian linguistics. The most important ideas of modern
sociolinguistics in Russia in the first half of the 20th
century were I.A. Baudouin de Courtenay, E.D. Polivanov,
L. Yakubinsky, V.M. Zhirmunsky, B. M. Selishchev, V. V.
Vinogradov, G. Vinokur; In France, F. Bruno, A. Mee, P.
Lafargue; In Switzerland S. Bally and A. Sesche; Dj.
Vandrislar Belgium, B. Havranek in Czechoslovakia. We
see this in the research of Matesius and others.
The famous Russian linguist of Polish origin I.A. Baudouin
de Courtenay was "one of the first to introduce the study
of language as a living human language" [2]. He
emphasized the need for language learning in close
connection with the human factor, which is the creator. As
a result, the human factor came to the fore and a social
approach to language emerged.
We see in the studies of many scientists of world
linguistics that the sociological aspect of language is the
main condition. Although the German scientist Schleicher
viewed language as an organism, he did not deny that
language is a social phenomenon [3]. The term “organism”
means “function of the organism” and explained it as
follows:“language is ... a means arising from the activity of
organs” [4].
Thus, the Russian scientist moves away from the
erroneous idea of language as a living organism and
approaches that it is a social phenomenon. Since language
is a product of human speech, it arises, develops and
gradually improves as a result of human activity. I.A.
Baudouin de Courtenay conducts deep research among
people in order to study the language, analyzes the
phonetic structure of the language. He independently
develops a method of scientific full reflection of the
language - a transcription system. V. Assessing the work of
I.A. Baudouin de Courtenay, Sherba states: “... he was one
of the first to study phonetics with deep understanding”
[5].
Thus, I.A. Baudouin de Courtenay achieves his goal by
focusing not only on the internal "original" side of the
language, but also on the "external factors" influencing it.
From all of the above, it follows that external factors
affecting the language are social and psychological in
nature.
As a result of the holistic development of society, views
such as naturalism, erroneous in linguistics, disappeared,
and the scientific study of language as a social
phenomenon began to be observed in countries such as
Russia, France and the Czech Republic. The linguistic
institutions of these countries began to study language as
a social phenomenon along with generative linguistics.
Ferdinand de Saussure's views can be a prime example of
this. He distinguishes between language (langue), speech
(parole) and speech (langage). He considers speech
activity to be multidisciplinary and connects it with
several disciplines: physics, physiology, psychology.
Evaluating speech as an individual phenomenon, language
is a social and collective expression of speech abilities, a
set of necessary conditions, a manifestation of a specific
personality - that is knowledge, experience, age, sex of a
person ... [7].
Ferdinand de Saussure's distinction between language and
speech is one of the great steps towards the emergence of
sociolinguistics.
The American descriptive school has been instrumental in
bringing theoretical ideas to life. The uniqueness of
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
ID: IJTSRD38754 | Special Issue on International Research Development and Scientific Excellence in Academic LifePage 122
American life has led to differences in speech. The
migration of people of different nationalities from all over
the world and their interaction with each other and with
the native Indians led to significant changes in the
structure of the language. American scientists William
Labov and Naom Homsky, who studied these changes,
found theoretical and practical implications. completeness
in the field.
One of the founders of modern sociolinguistics, American
researcher William Labov, evaluates science as a field that
studies "language in a social context." If we pay attention
to this definition, we will see that sociologists pay
attention to the language itself, to its internal structure
and to the extent to which people who make up a
particular society use this language. It takes into account
all the factors influencing the language - from the specific
characteristics of the speaker (age, gender, level of
education and culture, type of profession, etc.) to the
characteristics of a specific speech process.
William Labov, speaking at a scientific conference at the
University of Pennsylvania on January 23, 1997, described
science as follows. “Sociolinguistics is a branch of science
that studies the methods currently used in America, is
based on numbering (statistics), taking into account
phonetic, morphological and lexical changes of words ”[8].
It should be noted that, unlike generative linguistics,
sociolinguistics studies the characteristics of the ideal
mother tongue, which expresses correct sentences in a
particular language, comparing it with the practical
language of a society that violates the norms of speech,
makes mistakes and confuses others. language elements.
Thus, the sociological approach to language has the
following characteristics: -determines the degree of
speaker use; - takes the internal structure of the language;
- does not conduct special studies of the structural
structure of the language, which is the object of generative
linguistics; - studies external factors affecting the
language; - classifies speech manifestations caused by
external factors; - studies the problems of bilingualism,
blinguism and multilingualism; - studies the origin and
development of slang, slang in the language; This branch
of linguistics is the latest field that is closely related to the
development of society and is embodied in the form of a
developing science. The role of sociolinguistics in the
system of sciences is also unique, since it combines
changes in language into a single object of study and
determines its development and decline.
Bibliography
[1] Stepanov GV Typology of languages of states and
situations in countries of romance speech. Ch. 1.M.:
Nauka, 1976.S. 22.
[2] Los. Boduen de Kurtene. "Encyclopedic Dictionary
of Brockhaus - Efron", vol. 2, p. IV. SP b., 1894, p.
222.
[3] "August Schleicher". See now. ed., vol. I, p. 38
[4] Vinogradov VV, BODUEN DE KURTENIA
https://danefae.org/lib/vvv/baudouin.htm
[5] "Some general remarks on language and language."
See now. ed., vol. I, p. 136
[6] About związkuwyobrażeńfonetycznych z
wyobrażeniamimorfologicznymi i
semazjologicznymi ". - "Sprawozdania z
posiedzeńTow. The science. Varshavsky ", v. I, z. 4-5.
Warsaw, 1908.10
[7] Zvegintsev V.A. "History of Linguistics of the XIX
and XX centuries in sketches and excerpts." Part
1.M., 1960. www.slovesnik.ru
[8] Lecture by William Lyabov. University of
Pennsylvania Press, January 23, 1997