This study examined farmer perceptions of the Fall Armyworm (FAW) outbreak in western Kenya. It found that both push-pull technology (PPT) farmers and non-PPT farmers reported being affected by FAW, though the spread was slightly higher among non-PPT farms. Farmers also noted that FAW causes more damage and is harder to control than stemborers. Common control strategies like spraying and removing infected crops did not seem to effectively control FAW. While PPT provided some control of FAW, further research is still needed to better address the threat posed by FAW outbreaks.
Integration of maize Lethal Necrosis disease management in crop-livestock int...africa-rising
Poster prepared by MB Jumbo, D Makumbi, Janet Njeri Kimunye, G Mahuku, M Bekunda and I Hoeschle-Zeledon for the International Conference on Integrated Systems Research, Ibadan, Nigeria, 3-6 March 2015
Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND) in KenyaCIMMYT
MLN's incidence and impacts in Kenya, presented at the International Conference on “MLN Diagnostics and Management in Africa,” organized by AGRA (Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa) and CIMMYT, 12-14 May, 2015
Healthy animals for healthy lives in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presented by Hung Nguyen, Vish Nene, Delia Grace Randolph, Silvia Alonso, Charity Kinyua, Nicholas Svitek, Elise Schieck, Bernard Bett, Fred Unger, Hussein Abkallo, Kristina Roesel and Sinh Dang-Xuan at the Tropentag 2021―Towards shifting paradigms in agriculture for a healthy and sustainable future, 15-17 September 2021
Genomic epidemiology of Rift Valley fever in East Africa: A data driven inter...ILRI
Poster by John Juma, Samuel Oyola, Bernard Bett and Rosemary Sang prepared for the Centre for Arbovirus Discovery, Diagnostics, Genomics and Epidemiology (CADDE) genomic epidemiology workshop, São Paulo, Brazil, 2–6 December 2019
Towards the development of optimal vaccination strategies for Rift Valley fev...ILRI
Presentated by Bernard Bett, John Gachohi, Catherine Karungo, Salome Bukachi, Nicholas Svitek, Kariuki Njenga and Harry Oyas at the inaugural International Veterinary Vaccinology Network meeting, Nairobi, Kenya, 26 March 2018.
Understanding factors conditioning fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. ...Frédéric Baudron
Fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) is an invasive lepidopteran pest established in most of sub-Saharan Africa since 2016. Although, the immediate reaction of governments has been to invest in chemical pesticides, control methods based on agronomic management would be more affordable to resource-constrained smallholders and minimize risks for health and the environment. However, little is known about the most effective agronomic practices that could control FAW in typical African smallholder conditions. In addition, the impact of FAW on yield in Africa has been reported as very large, but these estimates are largely based on farmers’ perceptions, but not on rigorous field scouting methods. Thus, the objectives of this study were to understand the factors conditioning FAW infestation in African smallholder maize fields and quantify its impact on yield, using two Districts of Eastern Zimbabwe as cases. 791 smallholder maize plots were scouted for FAW and the head of the corresponding farming household interviewed. Grain yield was later determined in about 20% of these fields. FAW infestation was found to be significantly reduced by weed control – either through herbicides or through frequent weeding operations – and through minimum- and zero-tillage. Conversely, pumpkin intercropping was found to significantly increase FAW infestation. Some maize varieties also appeared more susceptible that others to FAW infestation. Although the infestation levels recorded in this research (35 to 48%, depending on the proxy of infestation used) are commensurate with infestation levels found by other studies conducted on the continent, our best estimate of the impact of this infestation on yield (9.14%) is much lower than what these studies found. Although our study presents limitations, losses due to FAW in Africa could have been over-estimated. The threat that FAW represents for African smallholders, although very real, should not divert attention away from other pressing challenges they face.
Integration of maize Lethal Necrosis disease management in crop-livestock int...africa-rising
Poster prepared by MB Jumbo, D Makumbi, Janet Njeri Kimunye, G Mahuku, M Bekunda and I Hoeschle-Zeledon for the International Conference on Integrated Systems Research, Ibadan, Nigeria, 3-6 March 2015
Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND) in KenyaCIMMYT
MLN's incidence and impacts in Kenya, presented at the International Conference on “MLN Diagnostics and Management in Africa,” organized by AGRA (Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa) and CIMMYT, 12-14 May, 2015
Healthy animals for healthy lives in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presented by Hung Nguyen, Vish Nene, Delia Grace Randolph, Silvia Alonso, Charity Kinyua, Nicholas Svitek, Elise Schieck, Bernard Bett, Fred Unger, Hussein Abkallo, Kristina Roesel and Sinh Dang-Xuan at the Tropentag 2021―Towards shifting paradigms in agriculture for a healthy and sustainable future, 15-17 September 2021
Genomic epidemiology of Rift Valley fever in East Africa: A data driven inter...ILRI
Poster by John Juma, Samuel Oyola, Bernard Bett and Rosemary Sang prepared for the Centre for Arbovirus Discovery, Diagnostics, Genomics and Epidemiology (CADDE) genomic epidemiology workshop, São Paulo, Brazil, 2–6 December 2019
Towards the development of optimal vaccination strategies for Rift Valley fev...ILRI
Presentated by Bernard Bett, John Gachohi, Catherine Karungo, Salome Bukachi, Nicholas Svitek, Kariuki Njenga and Harry Oyas at the inaugural International Veterinary Vaccinology Network meeting, Nairobi, Kenya, 26 March 2018.
Understanding factors conditioning fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. ...Frédéric Baudron
Fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) is an invasive lepidopteran pest established in most of sub-Saharan Africa since 2016. Although, the immediate reaction of governments has been to invest in chemical pesticides, control methods based on agronomic management would be more affordable to resource-constrained smallholders and minimize risks for health and the environment. However, little is known about the most effective agronomic practices that could control FAW in typical African smallholder conditions. In addition, the impact of FAW on yield in Africa has been reported as very large, but these estimates are largely based on farmers’ perceptions, but not on rigorous field scouting methods. Thus, the objectives of this study were to understand the factors conditioning FAW infestation in African smallholder maize fields and quantify its impact on yield, using two Districts of Eastern Zimbabwe as cases. 791 smallholder maize plots were scouted for FAW and the head of the corresponding farming household interviewed. Grain yield was later determined in about 20% of these fields. FAW infestation was found to be significantly reduced by weed control – either through herbicides or through frequent weeding operations – and through minimum- and zero-tillage. Conversely, pumpkin intercropping was found to significantly increase FAW infestation. Some maize varieties also appeared more susceptible that others to FAW infestation. Although the infestation levels recorded in this research (35 to 48%, depending on the proxy of infestation used) are commensurate with infestation levels found by other studies conducted on the continent, our best estimate of the impact of this infestation on yield (9.14%) is much lower than what these studies found. Although our study presents limitations, losses due to FAW in Africa could have been over-estimated. The threat that FAW represents for African smallholders, although very real, should not divert attention away from other pressing challenges they face.
The use of Innovation Platforms to increase vaccination coverage against ende...ILRI
Poster prepared by M.M. Dione, I. Traore, H. Kassambara, C. O. Toure, A. Sow, B. Wieland and A. Fall for the 15th International Symposium of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 12-16 November 2018
Developing management strategies for Napier stunt diseaseILRI
A presentation prepared by Zeyaur R. Khan and Charles A.O. Midega for the ASARECA/ILRI Workshop on Mitigating the Impact of Napier Grass Smut and Stunt Diseases, Addis Ababa, June 2-3, 2010.
Global cancer tyrosine kinase inhibitors market & clinical pipeline outlo...KuicK Research
“Global Cancer Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Market & Clinical Pipeline Outlook 2020” Report Highlights:
Introduction to Cancer Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Signaling Pathway of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
Advantage of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment of Cancer
Applications of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor in Cancer Therapy
Global Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Market Overview
Global Cancer Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Clinical Pipeline by Company, Indication & Phase
Global Cancer Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Clinical Pipeline: 411 Drugs
Majority of Cancer Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Preclinical Phase: 164 Drugs
Marketed Cancer Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: 32 Drugs
Use of Information Communication Channel in Agriculture for Controlling of CO...BRNSS Publication Hub
Novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) outbreak is a global pandemic. More than 208 countries of the world
were affected by this virus. The Indian economy depends on agriculture. The information communication
channel plays an important role in Indian agriculture. A study was conducted on the use of information
communication channels for controlling COVID-19 in Terai region of West Bengal. It was found from
the study that phone call, text message, television, and e-resources play an important role in information
providing about COVID-19 to the farmers.
Investigation of the food value chain of ready-to-eat chicken and the associa...ILRI
Presented by James Oguttu, Cheryl McCrindle, Kohei Makita and Delia Grace at the 2013 Conference of Researchers and Workers in Animal Diseases (CRWAD), Chicago, Illinois, 8-10 December 2013.
In this SlideShare, we're covering an overview on RNA technologies and recent applications in the field of life sciences. RNA is the pivotal ‘molecule of life’, involved in almost all aspects of cell biology. Recent successes in mRNA-based vaccines indicate just one of the near-infinite possibilities that RNA technology can offer in life sciences.
Dr. Lindsey Holmstrom - Feral Swine and Foreign and Emerging Animal DiseasesJohn Blue
Feral Swine and Foreign and Emerging Animal Diseases - Dr. Lindsey Holmstrom; Diagnostic Epidemiologist, Center for Foreign Animal and Zoonotic Center, from the 2013 NIAA Merging Values and Technology conference, April 15-17, 2013, Louisville, KY, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2013-niaa-merging-values-and-technology
Modelling to support rinderpest outbreaks preparednessExternalEvents
http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/rinderpest/home.html
http://www-data.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/empres/event_200116.html
Presentation made during the international meeting titled “Maintaining global freedom from rinderpest” held in FAO-HQ from 20 to 22 January 2016.
Napier grass smut and stunt resistance: Introducing the ProjectILRI
A presentation prepared by Janice Proud for the ASARECA/ILRI workshop on Mitigating the Impact of Napier Grass Smut and Stunt Diseases, Addis Ababa, June 2-3, 2010
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) analysis of karnal bunt resistance in ...Innspub Net
Karnal bunt (KB) disease is one of the most important challenges posed on of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) industry of Pakistan because of itsinclusionin quarantine list around the globe. This disease is caused by the fungus Tilletia indica M. (Neovossia indica). It affects the grain quality of wheat and hampers its movement in international market resulting in economic losses. Presence of >3% infected grains in wheat lot makes it unsuitable for human consumption. Eradication of this disease is very difficult as no resistant cultivar has been found against KB in Pakistan so far. Genome wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on a set of 199 wheat germplasm collected from Pakistan. In this study 31,000 single nucleotide polymorphism markers were developed by 90K SNP array technology. A linear mixed model in GWAS, accounting for population structure, was fitted to identify significant genomic regions [-log(P) ≥ 4.0] on 6 different chromosomes i.e. 1A, 1D, 2D, 3B, 4A, 5A with novel loci. Candidate genes, through wheat genome assembly, were identified as putative genes related to KB resistance including kinase like protein family. The results of this study can be useful in wheat breeding through marker assisted selection for KB resistant varieties.
IFPMA Geneva Pharma Forum on 9 May 2014
Bringing Psoriasis into the Light
Presentation of Kim kjoeller, Senior Vice President
Global Development, Leo Pharma
Fall armyworm infestation and management practices on maize fields of smallho...INNS PUBNET
Fall armyworm (FAW) is native to America and is currently affecting maize production in different parts of Africa, and recently reported in Tanzania. In the present study, FAW infestation levels and their associated management practices were investigated in 90 maize fields in the 18 villages in Arusha, Kilimanjaro and Manyara regions. Infestation levels were assessed using a scale of 0 (no damage) to 9 (100% damage), while the management practices information was collected through a survey and questionnaires from 210 maize growing farmers in the 18 villages. Results showed that all fields were infested by FAW at low (1-4) to moderate (5-7) damage levels. Arusha scored the highest (66.59% and 5.422) significant mean incidence and severity (P<0.05) respectively, followed by Kilimanjaro (52.96%, 4.756) and Manyara (52.64%, 3.989) regions. Variation in damage levels was also observed among villages, with means incidences ranging between 35.57% and 79.55%, and mean severity ranging between 2.333 and 7.267. Variation between regions and villages can be associated with farmer’s knowledge and FAW management practices. About 84.3% of farmers reported synthetic pesticides as the main management option, although the majority did not effectively apply them. Farmer’s recommendations include awareness creation on the FAW management, provision of effective pesticides and resistant maize varieties, and government intervention in the overall management of FAW. From the findings it is evident that sustainable integrated management strategies against FAW is urgent needed and this study serves as a stepping stone for the development of sustainable management options.
Fall armyworm infestation and management practices on maize fields of smallho...INNS PUBNET
Fall armyworm (FAW) is native to America and is currently affecting maize production in different parts of Africa, and recently reported in Tanzania. In the present study, FAW infestation levels and their associated management practices were investigated in 90 maize fields in the 18 villages in Arusha, Kilimanjaro and Manyara regions. Infestation levels were assessed using a scale of 0 (no damage) to 9 (100% damage), while the management practices information was collected through a survey and questionnaires from 210 maize growing farmers in the 18 villages. Results showed that all fields were infested by FAW at low (1-4) to moderate (5-7) damage levels. Arusha scored the highest (66.59% and 5.422) significant mean incidence and severity (P<0.05) respectively, followed by Kilimanjaro (52.96%, 4.756) and Manyara (52.64%, 3.989) regions. Variation in damage levels was also observed among villages, with means incidences ranging between 35.57% and 79.55%, and mean severity ranging between 2.333 and 7.267. Variation between regions and villages can be associated with farmer’s knowledge and FAW management practices. About 84.3% of farmers reported synthetic pesticides as the main management option, although the majority did not effectively apply them. Farmer’s recommendations include awareness creation on the FAW management, provision of effective pesticides and resistant maize varieties, and government intervention in the overall management of FAW. From the findings it is evident that sustainable integrated management strategies against FAW is urgent needed and this study serves as a stepping stone for the development of sustainable management options.
The use of Innovation Platforms to increase vaccination coverage against ende...ILRI
Poster prepared by M.M. Dione, I. Traore, H. Kassambara, C. O. Toure, A. Sow, B. Wieland and A. Fall for the 15th International Symposium of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 12-16 November 2018
Developing management strategies for Napier stunt diseaseILRI
A presentation prepared by Zeyaur R. Khan and Charles A.O. Midega for the ASARECA/ILRI Workshop on Mitigating the Impact of Napier Grass Smut and Stunt Diseases, Addis Ababa, June 2-3, 2010.
Global cancer tyrosine kinase inhibitors market & clinical pipeline outlo...KuicK Research
“Global Cancer Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Market & Clinical Pipeline Outlook 2020” Report Highlights:
Introduction to Cancer Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Signaling Pathway of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
Advantage of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment of Cancer
Applications of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor in Cancer Therapy
Global Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Market Overview
Global Cancer Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Clinical Pipeline by Company, Indication & Phase
Global Cancer Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Clinical Pipeline: 411 Drugs
Majority of Cancer Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Preclinical Phase: 164 Drugs
Marketed Cancer Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: 32 Drugs
Use of Information Communication Channel in Agriculture for Controlling of CO...BRNSS Publication Hub
Novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) outbreak is a global pandemic. More than 208 countries of the world
were affected by this virus. The Indian economy depends on agriculture. The information communication
channel plays an important role in Indian agriculture. A study was conducted on the use of information
communication channels for controlling COVID-19 in Terai region of West Bengal. It was found from
the study that phone call, text message, television, and e-resources play an important role in information
providing about COVID-19 to the farmers.
Investigation of the food value chain of ready-to-eat chicken and the associa...ILRI
Presented by James Oguttu, Cheryl McCrindle, Kohei Makita and Delia Grace at the 2013 Conference of Researchers and Workers in Animal Diseases (CRWAD), Chicago, Illinois, 8-10 December 2013.
In this SlideShare, we're covering an overview on RNA technologies and recent applications in the field of life sciences. RNA is the pivotal ‘molecule of life’, involved in almost all aspects of cell biology. Recent successes in mRNA-based vaccines indicate just one of the near-infinite possibilities that RNA technology can offer in life sciences.
Dr. Lindsey Holmstrom - Feral Swine and Foreign and Emerging Animal DiseasesJohn Blue
Feral Swine and Foreign and Emerging Animal Diseases - Dr. Lindsey Holmstrom; Diagnostic Epidemiologist, Center for Foreign Animal and Zoonotic Center, from the 2013 NIAA Merging Values and Technology conference, April 15-17, 2013, Louisville, KY, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2013-niaa-merging-values-and-technology
Modelling to support rinderpest outbreaks preparednessExternalEvents
http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/rinderpest/home.html
http://www-data.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/empres/event_200116.html
Presentation made during the international meeting titled “Maintaining global freedom from rinderpest” held in FAO-HQ from 20 to 22 January 2016.
Napier grass smut and stunt resistance: Introducing the ProjectILRI
A presentation prepared by Janice Proud for the ASARECA/ILRI workshop on Mitigating the Impact of Napier Grass Smut and Stunt Diseases, Addis Ababa, June 2-3, 2010
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) analysis of karnal bunt resistance in ...Innspub Net
Karnal bunt (KB) disease is one of the most important challenges posed on of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) industry of Pakistan because of itsinclusionin quarantine list around the globe. This disease is caused by the fungus Tilletia indica M. (Neovossia indica). It affects the grain quality of wheat and hampers its movement in international market resulting in economic losses. Presence of >3% infected grains in wheat lot makes it unsuitable for human consumption. Eradication of this disease is very difficult as no resistant cultivar has been found against KB in Pakistan so far. Genome wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on a set of 199 wheat germplasm collected from Pakistan. In this study 31,000 single nucleotide polymorphism markers were developed by 90K SNP array technology. A linear mixed model in GWAS, accounting for population structure, was fitted to identify significant genomic regions [-log(P) ≥ 4.0] on 6 different chromosomes i.e. 1A, 1D, 2D, 3B, 4A, 5A with novel loci. Candidate genes, through wheat genome assembly, were identified as putative genes related to KB resistance including kinase like protein family. The results of this study can be useful in wheat breeding through marker assisted selection for KB resistant varieties.
IFPMA Geneva Pharma Forum on 9 May 2014
Bringing Psoriasis into the Light
Presentation of Kim kjoeller, Senior Vice President
Global Development, Leo Pharma
Bringing Psoriasis into the Light, Kim kjoeller, Leo Pharma
Similar to The Fall Armyworm Endemic: Contriving the perspicacity in the outbreak of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in relation to push–pull technology
Fall armyworm infestation and management practices on maize fields of smallho...INNS PUBNET
Fall armyworm (FAW) is native to America and is currently affecting maize production in different parts of Africa, and recently reported in Tanzania. In the present study, FAW infestation levels and their associated management practices were investigated in 90 maize fields in the 18 villages in Arusha, Kilimanjaro and Manyara regions. Infestation levels were assessed using a scale of 0 (no damage) to 9 (100% damage), while the management practices information was collected through a survey and questionnaires from 210 maize growing farmers in the 18 villages. Results showed that all fields were infested by FAW at low (1-4) to moderate (5-7) damage levels. Arusha scored the highest (66.59% and 5.422) significant mean incidence and severity (P<0.05) respectively, followed by Kilimanjaro (52.96%, 4.756) and Manyara (52.64%, 3.989) regions. Variation in damage levels was also observed among villages, with means incidences ranging between 35.57% and 79.55%, and mean severity ranging between 2.333 and 7.267. Variation between regions and villages can be associated with farmer’s knowledge and FAW management practices. About 84.3% of farmers reported synthetic pesticides as the main management option, although the majority did not effectively apply them. Farmer’s recommendations include awareness creation on the FAW management, provision of effective pesticides and resistant maize varieties, and government intervention in the overall management of FAW. From the findings it is evident that sustainable integrated management strategies against FAW is urgent needed and this study serves as a stepping stone for the development of sustainable management options.
Fall armyworm infestation and management practices on maize fields of smallho...INNS PUBNET
Fall armyworm (FAW) is native to America and is currently affecting maize production in different parts of Africa, and recently reported in Tanzania. In the present study, FAW infestation levels and their associated management practices were investigated in 90 maize fields in the 18 villages in Arusha, Kilimanjaro and Manyara regions. Infestation levels were assessed using a scale of 0 (no damage) to 9 (100% damage), while the management practices information was collected through a survey and questionnaires from 210 maize growing farmers in the 18 villages. Results showed that all fields were infested by FAW at low (1-4) to moderate (5-7) damage levels. Arusha scored the highest (66.59% and 5.422) significant mean incidence and severity (P<0.05) respectively, followed by Kilimanjaro (52.96%, 4.756) and Manyara (52.64%, 3.989) regions. Variation in damage levels was also observed among villages, with means incidences ranging between 35.57% and 79.55%, and mean severity ranging between 2.333 and 7.267. Variation between regions and villages can be associated with farmer’s knowledge and FAW management practices. About 84.3% of farmers reported synthetic pesticides as the main management option, although the majority did not effectively apply them. Farmer’s recommendations include awareness creation on the FAW management, provision of effective pesticides and resistant maize varieties, and government intervention in the overall management of FAW. From the findings it is evident that sustainable integrated management strategies against FAW is urgent needed and this study serves as a stepping stone for the development of sustainable management options.
Poultry Vaccines and Vaccination Practices among Farmers in Wukari, Taraba St...ijtsrd
Poultry enterprise is increasingly gaining viability owning to successful preventive measures of vaccination protocols for various diseases of economic importance. A cross sectional study involving forty five 45 poultry farms across the Six 6 wards in Wukari, Local Government Area, Taraba State Nigeria were surveyed to determine the vaccination practices and the vaccines used by poultry farmers. Purposive sampling was employed by Interviewer administered structured questionnaires in the course of the study. Fisher’s exact test was used to test for association between categorical variables. A total of 8 17.8 , 3 6.7 , 3 6.7 , 8 17.8 , 6 13.3 and 17 37.8 farms were visited in Avyi, Bantaje, Chonku, Hospital, Jibu and Puje wards respectively. The forty five respondents were 57.8 male and 42.2 female farmers. Majority of the respondents never administered Marek’s 82.2 , LaSota 51.1 , Komarov 75.6 , Fowl cholera 75.6 Fowl typhoid 73.3 and Coccidiosis 68.9 vaccines. Only 42.2 of the respondents had vaccination records while 51.1 had vaccination schedules. There was a significant association between disease outbreak and the use of Infectious Bursal disease, Fowl typhoid, Fowlpox and Coccidiosis vaccines respectively. The association between the handling of vaccines and disease outbreaks were significant p 0.05 for Marek’s, Infectious Bursal disease, Fowl typhoid and Coccidiosis. The result of the association between vaccine administration against vaccine failures was significantly different p 0.05 in all vaccines used. In conclusion, poultry farmers in Wukari are aware of routine vaccinations although a majority of them do not administer the vaccines and the few that use these vaccines have poor record storage practices. Otolorin G. R | Olufemi O. T | Tsokwa D | Dunka H. I | Baba-Onoja E. B | Edehi. E | Adanu W. A "Poultry Vaccines and Vaccination Practices among Farmers in Wukari, Taraba State Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43695.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/other/43695/poultry-vaccines-and-vaccination-practices-among-farmers-in-wukari-taraba-state-nigeria/otolorin-g-r
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of African Swine Fever (ASF) Affected Commu...Open Access Research Paper
The communicable African Swine Fever (ASF) has adversely crippled the country’s swine industry in the last few years and subsequently hampered the growth of the agriculture sector. This study utilized the descriptive research design. The study was conducted at the three municipalities in the Ytawes district of Piat, Sto. Nino and Tuao from May-June 2022. Results of the study show that women were more predominantly engaged in pig farming than male aside from their roles as a mother. Also, raisers prefer to bury the infected animals without reporting them to authorities is alarming due to the possible spreading of the diseases and authorities hardly contained it. Raisers must be encouraged to disinfect the production area before re-stocking to avoid possible problems. The farmers should practice not allowing people in and out of the production area because they might be the carrier of such diseases since most of the farm owners do not have bio-security measures. There should be close coordination with the Municipal Agriculturist Office to seek the opinion of veterinarians/technicians for the possible solutions to such problems. Since the majority of the respondents considered pig farming as one of their sources of income. Attending training’s/seminars could help the pig raisers to gain more knowledge on the proper handling of such diseases as ASF.
Malaria parasitaemia and socioeconomic status of selected residents of Emohua...IOSRJPBS
In Nigeria, malaria consistently ranks among the five most common cause of death in children. This study investigated the prevalence of malaria and socioeconomic status of someresidents of Emohua Community, Rivers State, Nigeria.Following ethical clearance which was obtained from the University of Port Harcourt and the parents of the subjects who gave their written consents, blood samples were collected through vein puncture from 200 subjects within the age 0-17years, from July 2014-February 2015. Structured questionnaire were administered to the subjects and parents provided answers for younger children.Thick and Thin films were examined microscopically using oil immersion objective following the standardparasitological method. The thin films were fixed with methanol and all films were stained with 10% Giemsa stain diluted with 7.2 buffer water for 10 minutes. The demographic characteristics of 200 subjects examined in Emohua showed that 120(60%) were females and 60(40%) were males. Sex related prevalence showed that more females were infected with 66(62.3%) and had higher parasite density of 144720/ul than males with 40 (37.7%) and parasite density of 106160/ul though the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Out of the 200 subjects examined, 106(53.0%) were positive for Plasmodium falciparum. Age related prevalence showed that subjects within the age 0-3years and 4-6years had higher prevalence of 62 (31%) followed by those within the age 7-9years with 31(15.5%) and the least with zero prevalence was within the age 16-18 years. Those within the age of 4-6years had higher parasite density of 71680/ul followed by 0-3years of age with parasite density of 63360/ul while those within the age 16-18yrs had none (0). The difference in prevalence of malaria in relation to age was significant (P<0.05).>0.05). Subjects that used treated net were more with 117(58.5%), followed by those that do not use net at all with 54(27%) and those whose nets were untreated with 28(14%). Only 1(0.5%) person believed in the potency of prayer as a preventive measure against malaria while none trusted environmental sanitation. Subjects that are non- net users had higher prevalence of 46(85.2%) and more parasite density of 98080/ul followed by the untreated net users with 22(78.6%) and parasite density of 77280/ul while the least prevalence was recorded among the treated net users with 38(32.5%) and parasite density of 75520/ul. The differences in prevalence of infection in relation to preventive measures was significant (P<0.05).more><0.05).There is need to improve socio-economic status and awareness for total compliance to preventive measures among the subjects so as to reduce the malaria prevalence rate to the desired zero level
Prevalence of Intestinal Helminths and Protozoa Parasites of Ruminants in Min...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
Gender roles in ruminant disease management in Uganda and implications for co...ILRI
Poster by Jane Namatovu, Peter Lule, Marsy Asindu, Zoë A. Campbell, Henry Kiara, Bernard Bett, Kristina Roesel and Emily Ouma presented at the Boosting Uganda's Investment in Livestock Development (BUILD) project annual planning meeting, Kampala, Uganda, 20–22 September 2022.
Prevalence of Coccidiosis in Back Yard Chicken in and Around DebereTabere Tow...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Prevalence of Coccidiosis in Back Yard Chicken in and Around DebereTabere Town, South Gondar Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia by Temesigen W Molla in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Communication Media Usage and Uptake Patterns of Rhizobium Inoculant Technolo...Premier Publishers
This study was done in the Northern Region of Ghana (Tolon and Savelegu) in 2017. Primary data on the influence of communication media usage on uptake patterns of rhizobia inoculant technology was collected among 210 respondents using questionnaires. Secondary data was also obtained from SARI, IITA as well as IFDC offices respectively. Descriptive statistics namely percentages and frequencies as well as two-way ANOVA were used to analyse the data. The study revealed that farmers’ level of education, farming experience, marital status and age were significantly related to the communication methods used to access information on rhizobia inoculant, at 5% level of probability; and influence respondents’ decision to use rhizobia inoculant. The results of the study revealed that the types of communication methods used by respondents have significantly influenced respondent’s awareness on the technology. However, on knowledge enhancement, these communication methods did not influence respondents’ knowledge on rhizobia inoculant in the Northern Region of Ghana. This relationship calls for the promoters of rhizobia inoculant to use combination of all the three communication methods to enhance farmers’ knowledge on rhizobia inoculant. The study recommends that local language should be used during radio discussion to ensure effective understanding of message disseminated to farmers on the use of the rhizobia inoculant.
Cattle Ticks and Risk Factors Related to Tick Infestation of Livestock in Per...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Tick-borne diseases are a global public health problem, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where most of the disease is caused by malaria and many other diseases of viral, parasitic or bacterial origin. This study aimed to identify the bovine tick's species in cattle farms and to determine possible risk factors related to tick infestation in Abidjan district and Azaguié commune. Thus, in July 2019, thirteen (13) herds distributed in these localities were visited for tick sampling and to conduct epidemiological investigations. At each visit, ticks were harvested from 15 cattle per herd. All the farms visited were infested with ticks. 96.92% of sampled animals had ticks. A total of 1796 ticks were collected of which 89.42% (1606) were adults, 10.41% (187) were pupae and 0.17% (3) was larvae. Two species of ticks have been identified, Amblyomma variegatum with 25% of the population and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus with 75%. 96% of the cattle were infested by ticks of the species R. (B.) microplus and 56% of the cattle were infested by ticks of the species A. variegatum. The co-infestation of cattle by the two identified species was 53%. The distribution of the sexes showed that in the species A. variegatum, males were more numerous (13.44% for males and 8.76% for females). However in the species R. (B.) microplus, females were more numerous (5.08% for males and 62.3% for females).The analysis of risk factors associated with tick infestation in cattle has shown that factors such as Undefined parks, Type of pasture, Training in the use of acaricides and Presence of wild animals contribute to major ectoparasite infestations in cattle. Tick samples collected from peri-urban farms in the district of Abidjan and the locality of Azaguié as part of this study, indicate that the relatively recent introduction of the species Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus presents a threat to animal and human health.
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A study on the parity rate of indoor-resting Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes and their implication in disease transmission was carried out in Nnamdi Azikiwe University female hostel between June and July 2016. The mosquitoes were sampled weekly from 24 randomly selected rooms using pyrethrum knock-down collection (P.K.C). A total of 516 mosquitoes comprising of 4 species: Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles funestus, Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex annulioris, were collected during the study period. The mosquitoes were examined for their abdominal gradings/gonotrophic stages and dissected for parity determination. Culex quinquefasciatus (61.43%) constituted the most abundant species followed by Anopheles gambiae (30.04%) and Anopheles funestus (7.56%) and the least being Culex annulioris (0.97%). Results showed that majority of the vector species were fed and parous and variations among the parity rates of the 4 species was significant (P <0.05). The high rate of the fed and parous mosquito species is of utmost concern in the hostel environment and therefore control measures aimed at eliminating the breeding sites and reducing its contact with the students should be embraced and practiced so as to minimize disease transmission among the students.
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2. Ogot: The Fall Armyworm Endemic
AEXTJ/Apr-Jun-2018/Vol 2/Issue 2 90
destination; however, experts are still unclear as
to how the pests got here in the first place.[1]
The pest has been recently detected in Kenya and
is suspected to have entered the country from
Uganda. It is also known to be present in Burundi,
Ethiopia, and Rwanda. The FAW was first reported
in Western Kenya by farmers in March 2017 and
immediately confirmed by the Kenya Plant Health
Inspectorate Service and Kenya Agricultural and
Livestock Research Organization. The initial
counties infested were Busia, Trans Nzoia,
Bungoma, Uasin Gishu, and Nandi.[3]
As of May 23, FAWhas affected more than 143,000
hectares of land in major maize- and wheat-
producing counties (in Kenya). The FAO and the
Ministry of Agriculture have adopted a planning
response figure of 800,000 hectares, which requires
US$33.5 million for pesticides and awareness
campaigns in the medium term. US$6.6 million is
required for an immediate response.[4]
In response to the severe effects perceived from the
FAW in the entire agricultural practices, this study
was determined to find how FAW was perceived
among the push–pull technology (PPT) farmers;
how they posed a challenge on cereals production
between the PPT households and the non-push–pull
technology (NPPT) households; how they impacted
differently from Stemborers; and the practices that
farmers strategize to control the infestation of FAW.
METHODOLOGIES
This study employed a descriptive research design
to elaborate on the perception of farmers in the
outbreak of FAWs. Descriptive research designs
help provide answers to the questions of who,
what, when, where, and how associated with a
particular research problem; a descriptive study
cannot conclusively ascertain answers to why. It is
used to obtain information concerning the current
status of the phenomena and to describe “what
exists” with respect to variables or conditions in a
situation.[7]
A cross-sectional survey was therefore
a definite and appropriate establishment for this
study as it could compare different population
groups at a single point in time under descriptive
design. It could compare between the PPT and
the NPPT with the relativity of variables linked to
identifying the outbreak of FAW.
It was conducted in two counties of Kenya:
Homabay and Migori. FAW was lately discovered in
these two counties after its outbreak in other regions.
The majority of the push–pull farmers had a new
challenge from which they sought answers. This was
onthebasisoftheexperiencedsuddeninfestationand
fall of production. This came after the confidence of
alleviated pests’ infestation (Stemborers and Striga)
by PPT after some period of time.
Sample size used to collect data was obtained
in response to the FAW case studies in Kenya.
This study selected 51 households from where
respondents were questioned. Moreover, these
were taken from Homabay and Migori Counties
for precision. Semi-structured questionnaires
were used to probe for the accurate data.
This study analyzed the data obtained from the field
usingSPSSversion 22.Ratiostatistics,correlations,
regressions, and other statistical parameters were
Figure 1: Pie charts of age, gender, push–pull, and years of push–pull technology farming
3. Ogot: The Fall Armyworm Endemic
AEXTJ/Apr-Jun-2018/Vol 2/Issue 2 91
used. Data presentations and interpretations were
then done by use of graphs, pie charts, and tables.
Validity of the study was tested by running the data
on the explore statistics to find out its normality.
Validity is arguably the most important criteria for
the quality of a test. The term validity refers to
whether or not the test measures what it claims
to measure. On a test with high validity, the items
will be closely linked to the test’s intended focus.
Reliability test was carried out to find if the data
were consistent, reproducible, and performing.
RESULTS
The data provided a range of findings that depicted
a source of knowledge on push–pull and FAW.
Validity test showed significant statistics. Table 1
provides a descriptive summary that proves the
validity of the data obtained.
Demographic study
The demographic statistics was composed of
regions of survey, age, gender, push–pull analysis,
and years of PPT farming [Table 2].
Household studies
In this study, 49% of the household heads
interviewed were aged between 21 and 40 years,
which formed the majority. The minority 2% were
aged between 15 and 20 years. Males formed 49%
of the sample as female were 51%. Farmers who
were practicing PPT were 51% as the NPPT had
49% of the sample population. Of the PPT farmers
interviewed, 36% had practiced push–pull for
a range of 1–3 years, and another 36% also had
practiced for 4–6 years. 7 and above years of PPT
farming had 28% of PPT farmers, where over
10 years had the least of 4% sample population.
Does FAW impose challenge to the farmers?
The distribution of the FAWs was expressed
by farmers as indicated in Table 3. 7 push–pull
farmers and 8 non-push–pull farmers expressed
FAW as a threat to cereal production. However,
majority had not been infested by FAWs (18 PPT
and 18 NPPT households).
The ratio statistics across the sub-counties
indicated that the spread of FAWwas higher among
the non-push–pull farms by 69.9%. The push–
pull farms showed a relatively less prevalence of
63.1%. Table 4 presents the ratio statistics.
Impact comparison between FAW and
stemborer
The impact of FAW in relation to stemborers
showed significant percentages between push–
pull and non-push–pull. The ratio of FAWs
to stemborers negatively impacting on crop
Table 1: Correlations of age, gender, and PPT/NPPT
Variables Age Gender PPT or NPPT
Age
Pearson correlation 1 −0.065* −0.342*
Significant (two‑tailed) 0.650 0.014
N 51 51 51
Gender
Pearson correlation −0.065* 1 0.058*
Significant (two‑tailed) 0.650 0.684
N 51 51 51
PPT or NPPT
Pearson correlation −0.342* 0.058* 1
Significant (two‑tailed) 0.014 0.684
N 51 51 51
*Correlation is statistically significant at the 0.05 level (2‑tailed). PPT: Push–pull
technology, NPPT: Non‑push–pull technology
Table 2: Regions of survey
County Sub‑county Villages
Migori Awendo Ringa
Nyambija
Kabar
Wawaga
Kadongo
Rongo Kamondi
Rare
Kabuoro
Mtue
Homabay Ndhiwa Kombe
Bwanda
Mbita Ogongo
Agulo Kiuwo
Bung Kwach
Sigulei
Gamba
Rachuonyo South Aolo
Kasipul Bonde
Table 3: Fall armyworm to PPT/NPPT cross‑tabulation
Variables PPT or NPPT Total
PPT NPPT
Fall armyworm
Yes 7 8 15
No 18 18 36
Total 25 26 51
PPT: Push–pull technology, NPPT: Non‑push–pull technology
4. Ogot: The Fall Armyworm Endemic
AEXTJ/Apr-Jun-2018/Vol 2/Issue 2 92
production among the push–pull farmers yielded
a 34.2% in comparison to NPPT that had 74.2%.
Table 5 depicts the ratio statistics as provided by
the data obtained from the field.
In an analysis of this study by descriptive design,
the explanations of the farmers (both PPT and
NPPT) relating to the differences between FAW
and stemborers were reviewed. The common
answers given during the study provided a frame
for a better analysis. Table 6 (descriptive statistics)
shows the responses obtained from farmers on the
differences between FAW and stemborers.
Farmers’ practices of controlling FAWs
Table 7 shows the strategies tried by farmers to
controlFAWinfestation.Itincludestheshortcomings
that were expressed by farmers on applying the
strategies. The answers obtained from the farmers
as in Tables 6 and 7 were derived from the pretrial
survey tool (Unstructured questionnaire).
Regression
The significance of this study was placed in
regressionanalysisasinthemodelsbelow.ANOVA
proves no significance for the variables in question,
i.e. knowledge on FAW, imposed challenge, and
difference between FAW and stemborer. However,
correlations provides significance in FAWimposed
challenge to PPT/NPPT. Further significances are
found in differences of FAW and stemborers to
FAW as a challenge and FAW as a challenge to
PPT/NPPT correlations [Table 8].
DISCUSSIONS
The implication of FAWs outbreak is seen in
its extended reach to farmers’ fields in Migori
and Homabay Counties. The cross-tabulation of
FAW and PPT/NPPT farming practices indicates
that farmers from both push–pull and non-push–
pull households are affected at an almost equal
number; 7 of push–pull and 8 of non-push–pull
farmers’ fields were affected. However, many of
the farmers from both farming practices had not
yet been reached by this havoc-wreaking pest.
However, strangely, they also showed some fear
over FAW extending out to their farms sooner or
later.
The rate through which FAWs could spread at a
certain time was tried on a ratio statistics model
across the sub-counties. The outcome was that the
PPT households had a relatively lower prevalence
of 63.1% comparedto NPPTs 69.9%.This depicted
that PPT, to some extent, can slow the rapidness
of the FAW. However, FAW still remains a bigger
challenge worrying the push–pull farmers.
Comparatively, stemborers were found to have a
lesser impact than FAW. A ratio statistic model
providing for FAW against stemborer indicated
Table 4: Ratio statistics for fall armyworm/sub‑counties
Group Price‑related
differential
Coefficient
of dispersion
Coefficient of
variation
Median centered
PPT 1.453 0.444 63.1
NPPT 1.626 0.538 69.9
Overall 1.540 0.492 66.0
PPT: Push–pull technology, NPPT: Non‑push–pull technology
Table 5: Ratio statistics for fall armyworm/stemborer
Group Price related
differential
Coefficient
of dispersion
Coefficient of
variation
Median centered
PPT 1.066 0.210 34.2%
NPPT 1.176 0.596 74.2%
Overall 1.134 0.275 41.2%
PPT: Push–pull technology, NPPT: Non‑push–pull technology
Table 6: Differences between FAW and stemborers as perceived by PPT and NPPT farmers
PPT farmers’ responses NPPT farmers’ responses
FAW Stemborers FAW Stemborers
They act on entire plant (leaves,
stems, and roots)
Does a lot more damage and one
can lose everything planted
They act very fast
They are bigger
They have remained uncontrollable
They burrow into the ground
They act on stems majorly
The damage is on the stems
They act much slower
They are smaller
Can be controlled by push–
pull technology
The effect remains on the
stem
Feed on the tip of the crop
Is voracious in its feeding pattern
It destroys a plant much faster
Totally prevents growth and is
very dangerous
It affects cob more than
stemborers
Majorly affects the young crops
Has a lot of eggs associated/laid
on leaves
It affects all types of crops
Mostly feeds on stalks
It breaks the stem in its feeding
pattern
Destroys a plant much slower
Reduces the growth rate of
a plant but does not totally
prevent
Slightly affects the cob
Majorly affects the old crops
Has comparatively less eggs
Majorly affects the cereal crops
PPT: Push–pull technology, NPPT: Non‑push–pull technology, FAW: Fall armyworm
5. Ogot: The Fall Armyworm Endemic
AEXTJ/Apr-Jun-2018/Vol 2/Issue 2 93
Table 7: Strategies of FAW control practiced by farmers and the shortcomings
PPT households (strategies) NPPT households (strategies)
Using buffer zones
Pesticides and insecticides spraying
Using push–pull technology
Uprooting of affected crops
Ash application
Application of herbal concoction
Intercropping method
Shaking off of leaves
Cutting off of the crops and killing the worms
Pesticides/insecticide spraying
Uprooting of the affected crops
Using their indigenous technical knowledge
Ash application
Trying an early farming
The shortcomings:
Spraying did not work for many workers
Ash did not work
Some could not afford the pesticides or insecticides
Some had no effective control and did not know what to do
PPT: Push–pull technology, NPPT: Non‑push–pull technology,
FAW: Fall armyworm
Table 8: Regression model for FAW and PPT/NPPT
Model summary
Model R R2
Adjusted R2
Standard error of the estimate
1 0.189a
0.036 −0.026 0.511
ANOVAa
Model Sum of squares df Mean square F Sig.
1
Regression 0.455 3 0.152 0.580 0.631b
Residual 12.290 47 0.261
Total 12.745 50
a. Dependent variable: PPT or NPPT
b. Predictors: (Constant), Do you know FAW? FAW as a challenge, can you tell the difference between FAW and stemborer?
Correlations
PPT or NPPT Can you tell the
difference between
FAW and Stemborer?
FAW as a
challenge
Do you know FAW?
Pearson correlation PPT or NPPT 1.000 0.163 −0.030** 0.139
Can you tell the difference
between FAW and
stemborer?
0.163 1.000 0.007** 0.355
FAW as a Challenge −0.030** 0.007** 1.000 0.091
Do you know FAW? 0.139 0.355 0.091 1.000
Sig. (1‑tailed) PPT or NPPT 0.126 0.416 0.166
Can you tell the difference
between FAW and
stemborer?
0.126 0.480 0.005
FAW as a challenge 0.416 0.480 0.262
Do you know FAW? 0.166 0.005 0.262
N PPT or NPPT 51 51 51 51
Can you tell the difference
between FAW and
stemborer?
51 51 51 51
FAW as a challenge 51 51 51 51
Do you know FAW? 51 51 51 51
PPT: Push–pull technology, NPPT: Non‑push–pull technology, FAW: Fall armyworm
6. Ogot: The Fall Armyworm Endemic
AEXTJ/Apr-Jun-2018/Vol 2/Issue 2 94
that the PPT households had greatly reduced
effects of infestation by 34.2% as the NPPT
occupied largely at 74.2%. It is likely that both the
pests totally diminish any cereal production by the
non-push–pull farmers.
An understanding between both the farming groups
regarding FAW and stemborer showed common
behaviors of the pests. For instance, they explained
that FAWs were quick, bigger, and uncontrollable
while stemborers were slower, smaller, and
controllable (controllable to push–pull farmers).
To complete the farmers’ perception on this
outbreak of FAW, the farmers’domestic strategies/
practices for controlling them were focused on.
Several common strategies used among the PPT
and NPPT farmers were the use of insecticide/
pesticide sprayers, uprooting of the infected
crops, and application of ash. Using PPT method
still remained a unique approach by the push–
pull farmers. However, there were shortcomings
involved over the strategies that the farmers tried
to control the FAWs. Spraying and ash application
did not seem to work for farmers. Moreover, some
of the farmers could not afford the pesticides/
insecticides for spraying onto their farms.
Furthermore, some had no effective control and
hence did not know what to do.
The regression model having three variables
studied (Do you know FAW?, FAW as a challenge,
and Can you tell the difference between FAW and
stemborer?) showed that PPT/NPPT provided a
great significance on FAW (P 0.05; −0.030). The
indication of the impact of FAW as expressed by
farmers is real and hence is the significance level
of this study.
CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
Farmers’ perception on FAW outbreak is
apprehensive. Explanations obtained from both
the push–pull farmers and the non-push–pull
farmers reveal the scary perception that FAW
infestation has impacted on the fields and that
has reduced the yields substantially in a brisk
of time. The spread and action of FAW are
quick, making it a more dangerous pest than
stemborers. As a new outbreak, FAW infestation
has surprised many farmers. Push–pull farmers
have tried the PPT on their plots to control the
FAW as used earlier to control the stemborers,
but the result has proven a slight control
compared to the non-push–pull; PPT derived a
slight impact.
Therefore, this study gives way (or recommends)
to further research on PPT, that is, to invent a
further recourse that can help deal with this havoc-
wreaking pest, the FAW.
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