The objective of this study was to correlate body weight and urine pH. The classification of urine as it is dilute acidic or basic solution known as urine pH. Neutral pH of urine is seven. If the solution pH is less than seven, then it is acidic. If the pH of the solution is greater than seven, then it is basic. When the concentration of sodium ions is more, greater the acidity of the urine solution. Alkaline urine contains bicarbonates-carbonic acid buffer. Acidosis, diarrhea, dehydration and starvation is faced when the pH is acidic. Normal body weight is necessary for a proper heath. If there is a high level of cholesterol leads to many disease, like cardiac diseases and many more. Subjects took urine sample in a container and then dipstick test was performed. We dipped the stick for 2-3 seconds and then allow to change the color of the stick. After that, we compared the color variation with the standard and then noted the values for the urine pH. We took the urine sample of the patients and meanwhile we measured the weight of the patients. We analyzed the results by estimating the percentages. In this project, it was a questionnaire based study in which we asked the patients about their pH in urine. of the samples. There were four different categories of body weights and also noted the readings accordingly. It was concluded that human body weight and urine pH had a significant relationship.
This study examined the relationship between cartoon watching and urine pH levels in 60 students aged 19-22 at Bahauddin Zakariya University in Multan, Pakistan. The students' urine pH levels and their liking or disliking of cartoon watching was recorded. It was found that students with a normal urine pH of 6.0 on average did not like cartoon watching, while students who liked cartoon watching had higher or lower urine pH levels outside the normal range. The study concluded that there is a relationship between cartoon watching preferences and urine pH levels.
This study examined the relationship between urine protein levels and liking of lentils in 97 students. Urine protein was measured using dipstick tests, and students reported their lentil preferences. The results found that 17.65% of males and 6.90% of females had urine protein and liked lentils, while 82.35% of males and 93.10% of females did not have urine protein and liked lentils. Additionally, 1.82% of females had urine protein and disliked lentils, while 81.82% of females did not have urine protein and disliked lentils. The conclusion was that there was no correlation between the presence of urine protein and preferences around lentils.
This document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between normal human blood oxygen levels and liking potatoes. The study measured the blood oxygen levels of 200 male and female students using an oximeter device. It found that males who liked potatoes had an average oxygen level of 96.52, while males who did not like potatoes had an average of 93.83. For females, those who liked potatoes had an average level of 94.87, and those who did not had an average of 95.17. Overall, students who liked potatoes had an average oxygen level of 95.33, while those who did not had an average of 94.82. The study concluded that there was no significant scientific relationship found between blood oxygen levels and liking
Prevalence of Hyperuricemia at Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital, B...BRNSS Publication Hub
Serum uric acid (SUA) and the prevalence of hyperuricemia have been increasing both in developing and developed countries over the past decades. Recent studies suggest that hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Although the incidence of gout in Nepalese adults is increasing, epidemiologic studies on hyperuricemia in the general Nepalese population are limited. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of hyperuricemia at Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal. A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted from December 2015 to November 2016. A total of 1513 (507 males and 625 females) outpatient department from Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal, were participated in this survey. Total subject was investigated for SUA by uricase/phenol-aminophenazone (PAP) method. SUA concentration of >7 mg/dl in men and >6 mg/dl in women was considered as hyperuricemia. Overall prevalence of hyperuricemia among the total population (1513) was 25.18%. Among hyperuricemia population, the prevalence of men and women was 25.33% and 25.05%, respectively. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was high in young Nepalese adults of age <20 years (39.53% in men and 35.06% in female). Similarly, >60 years age group, hyperuricemia in men and women was 32.85% and 28.88%, respectively. The prevalence of hyperuricemia among <20 years age group was relatively high followed by >60 years age group. There was high prevalence of hyperuricemia among the men compare to women of these populations of Biratnagar, Nepal.
- The study aimed to correlate breathing rate with likelihood of eating noodles. 123 students participated and had their breathing rates measured. 85 students were found to be "noodle delineated" while 38 were not.
- Students with lower breathing rates (average 19.24 breaths/min) tended to be noodle delineated, while those with higher rates (average 19.60 breaths/min) were not noodle delineated.
- The results suggest that breathing rate may impact preferences for noodles, with those breathing at a slower pace more inclined to eat noodles.
Hyperuricemia, or high levels of uric acid in the blood, can be caused by increased production of uric acid, decreased excretion by the kidneys, or a combination of both. Symptoms include fatigue, nausea, and joint pain. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include medications to decrease uric acid production or improve kidney excretion, as well as lifestyle changes like diet modification. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a measure of kidney function, as the kidneys filter waste products from the bloodstream. Elevated BUN can indicate kidney dysfunction, while low BUN may point to liver disease. Nitrogen balance measures the difference between nitrogen intake through food and nitrogen lost from the
Bananas are good for you. They contain healthy nutrients. Furthermore, they have got so many health benefits. Read about the scientifically proven health benefits of foods, drinks, and exercise on https://foodnutrition.site/
The objective of this study was to correlate body weight and urine pH. The classification of urine as it is dilute acidic or basic solution known as urine pH. Neutral pH of urine is seven. If the solution pH is less than seven, then it is acidic. If the pH of the solution is greater than seven, then it is basic. When the concentration of sodium ions is more, greater the acidity of the urine solution. Alkaline urine contains bicarbonates-carbonic acid buffer. Acidosis, diarrhea, dehydration and starvation is faced when the pH is acidic. Normal body weight is necessary for a proper heath. If there is a high level of cholesterol leads to many disease, like cardiac diseases and many more. Subjects took urine sample in a container and then dipstick test was performed. We dipped the stick for 2-3 seconds and then allow to change the color of the stick. After that, we compared the color variation with the standard and then noted the values for the urine pH. We took the urine sample of the patients and meanwhile we measured the weight of the patients. We analyzed the results by estimating the percentages. In this project, it was a questionnaire based study in which we asked the patients about their pH in urine. of the samples. There were four different categories of body weights and also noted the readings accordingly. It was concluded that human body weight and urine pH had a significant relationship.
This study examined the relationship between cartoon watching and urine pH levels in 60 students aged 19-22 at Bahauddin Zakariya University in Multan, Pakistan. The students' urine pH levels and their liking or disliking of cartoon watching was recorded. It was found that students with a normal urine pH of 6.0 on average did not like cartoon watching, while students who liked cartoon watching had higher or lower urine pH levels outside the normal range. The study concluded that there is a relationship between cartoon watching preferences and urine pH levels.
This study examined the relationship between urine protein levels and liking of lentils in 97 students. Urine protein was measured using dipstick tests, and students reported their lentil preferences. The results found that 17.65% of males and 6.90% of females had urine protein and liked lentils, while 82.35% of males and 93.10% of females did not have urine protein and liked lentils. Additionally, 1.82% of females had urine protein and disliked lentils, while 81.82% of females did not have urine protein and disliked lentils. The conclusion was that there was no correlation between the presence of urine protein and preferences around lentils.
This document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between normal human blood oxygen levels and liking potatoes. The study measured the blood oxygen levels of 200 male and female students using an oximeter device. It found that males who liked potatoes had an average oxygen level of 96.52, while males who did not like potatoes had an average of 93.83. For females, those who liked potatoes had an average level of 94.87, and those who did not had an average of 95.17. Overall, students who liked potatoes had an average oxygen level of 95.33, while those who did not had an average of 94.82. The study concluded that there was no significant scientific relationship found between blood oxygen levels and liking
Prevalence of Hyperuricemia at Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital, B...BRNSS Publication Hub
Serum uric acid (SUA) and the prevalence of hyperuricemia have been increasing both in developing and developed countries over the past decades. Recent studies suggest that hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Although the incidence of gout in Nepalese adults is increasing, epidemiologic studies on hyperuricemia in the general Nepalese population are limited. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of hyperuricemia at Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal. A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted from December 2015 to November 2016. A total of 1513 (507 males and 625 females) outpatient department from Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal, were participated in this survey. Total subject was investigated for SUA by uricase/phenol-aminophenazone (PAP) method. SUA concentration of >7 mg/dl in men and >6 mg/dl in women was considered as hyperuricemia. Overall prevalence of hyperuricemia among the total population (1513) was 25.18%. Among hyperuricemia population, the prevalence of men and women was 25.33% and 25.05%, respectively. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was high in young Nepalese adults of age <20 years (39.53% in men and 35.06% in female). Similarly, >60 years age group, hyperuricemia in men and women was 32.85% and 28.88%, respectively. The prevalence of hyperuricemia among <20 years age group was relatively high followed by >60 years age group. There was high prevalence of hyperuricemia among the men compare to women of these populations of Biratnagar, Nepal.
- The study aimed to correlate breathing rate with likelihood of eating noodles. 123 students participated and had their breathing rates measured. 85 students were found to be "noodle delineated" while 38 were not.
- Students with lower breathing rates (average 19.24 breaths/min) tended to be noodle delineated, while those with higher rates (average 19.60 breaths/min) were not noodle delineated.
- The results suggest that breathing rate may impact preferences for noodles, with those breathing at a slower pace more inclined to eat noodles.
Hyperuricemia, or high levels of uric acid in the blood, can be caused by increased production of uric acid, decreased excretion by the kidneys, or a combination of both. Symptoms include fatigue, nausea, and joint pain. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include medications to decrease uric acid production or improve kidney excretion, as well as lifestyle changes like diet modification. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a measure of kidney function, as the kidneys filter waste products from the bloodstream. Elevated BUN can indicate kidney dysfunction, while low BUN may point to liver disease. Nitrogen balance measures the difference between nitrogen intake through food and nitrogen lost from the
Bananas are good for you. They contain healthy nutrients. Furthermore, they have got so many health benefits. Read about the scientifically proven health benefits of foods, drinks, and exercise on https://foodnutrition.site/
This document discusses the role of low protein diets in the management of hepatic encephalopathy and cirrhosis. It notes that while protein restriction was commonly practiced, the evidence was unclear. Several studies found no benefit and potential harm from low protein diets. Current guidelines recommend maintaining protein intake at 1.2-1.5g/kg/day, with an emphasis on vegetable proteins which may be better tolerated. Overall, the evidence suggests protein restriction is not beneficial and could worsen malnutrition for patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy.
This document summarizes a study that examined the connection between blood pressure and liking potatoes. The study measured the blood pressure of 200 university students and assessed their liking for potatoes. It found the average systolic and diastolic blood pressures of students, as well as their standard deviations. It administered a questionnaire on potato liking and used statistical analysis to determine if there was a link between blood pressure and potato preference. The study concluded that there was no connection between a student's blood pressure and whether they liked potatoes or not.
The urinalysis is one of the most commonly ordered tests in pediatrics due to the ease of urine collection and testing. The urine dipstick test screens for various disorders and remains a common test performed in primary care clinics. Abnormal dipstick results can be due to pathological or non-pathological causes, and false positives and negatives are also common. It is important to consider the clinical context and perform repeat testing or microscopic analysis when abnormal dipstick results are found.
The current study, which was conducted in the district Dir (Upper) in Khyber
Pukhtunkhwa Pakistan, investigated the relationship between dietary patterns and
the prevalence of hypertension. A total of three hundred and thirty one sample size
was determined from 2500 respondents as per the Sekarn criteria. The sampled
respondents were recruited from Rural Health Centers (RHC) and other clinics and
dispensaries in Tehsil (Sub-division) Sheringal of district Dir Upper, Khyber
Pukhtunkhwah Pakistan using a convenient sampling method. Further, the data
were collected through a structured questionnaire covering the study variables,
which were dietary habits (independent variable) and hypertension (dependent
variable). Moreover, the selected data were analyzed by the application of SPSS
(25 version) by applying descriptive statistics and chi-square test statistics
analysis. Furthermore, all the attributes of hypertension were indexed and crosstabulated to expose the association with dietary habits at bivariate level analysis.
With descriptive statistics, the results indicated that majority of the respondents,
with regards to gender identity, who suffered from hypertension were male,
between the age group of 40-59 years, with a high illiteracy level. At bivariate level
a significant association was found between hypertension and lack of proper food;
less vegetable consumption; and excessive usage of salty food was the major
cause of hypertension. Based on the aforementioned findings, it is possible to
conclude that the respondents' poor daily food habits were the root cause of their
hypertension. Furthermore, the consumption of fatty and salty foods rather than
vegetables was discovered to be additional contributing factors to hypert
The objective of this study was to correlate human body weight and urine leukocytes. A complete blood cell analysis also measures the leukocytes level. In blood stream, if level of leukocytes is higher than normal it may an indication of infection. This infection may be in the bladder or in the urethral tube that carries urine from bladder. In urine, leucocytes may be due to kidney stones, pelvis tumor and any other type of blockage in urinary tract. Frequent urination, burning sensation and cloudy urine indicates leukocytes in urine. In this method, stick was dipped for few second in a sample container and then compared with the chart given. Dipstick procedure was followed and tested for the urine leukocytes. Results were analyzed by estimating the percentages of the samples. There were four different categories of body weights and also noted the readings accordingly. It was concluded that there was no significant relationship between body weight and urine leukocytes.
Effects of Peptides and Amino Acids Derived from Oyster on Blood LipidsSai Babitha
Objectives: The objective of this study is to demonstrate the effect on blood lipids in
humans, of a supplement which contained peptides and amino acids originating from
oyster meat.
Methods: Proteins in oyster meat were hydrolyzed by enzymes, followed by preparing
oyster meat extract powder containing the peptides and free amino acids as a
supplement. We performed the following 2 clinical trials in which male and female
adults with dyslipidemia received the oyster meat supplement for specified periods; in
the first open label trial, the oyster meat supplement was given to 14 subjects (average
age 48.7 years old) for 8 weeks, while in the second crossover controlled trial, the
oyster meat supplement and its placebo were taken by 19 subjects (average age 52.4
years old) for 4 weeks, respectively. In these trials, the effect of the supplement on
blood lipids was evaluated by conducting serum chemistry and body composition
measurement before and after taking the supplement.
Results: In the open label trial, at the end of Week 4 from the start of taking the
supplement, a decrease of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and an increase of
high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in blood lipoproteins were observed with statistically
significant difference (P<0.01).
In the crossover placebo-controlled study, we confirmed the reduction of the ratio
of VLDL in lipoproteins (P=0.04), the increase of HDL cholesterol (P=0.02), and the
suppression of the elevation of triglycerides (TG) (P=0.02) Week 4after the start of
taking of the supplement.
Conclusion: The oyster meat extract powder was most likely to have potential utilities
in the management of dyslipidemia.
The document discusses healthy eating patterns for chronic kidney disease (CKD). It notes that healthy eating patterns with adequate fruits and vegetables and limited alcohol and sodium may delay CKD progression and improve survival. The U.S. Dietary Guidelines recommend a diet including vegetables, fruits, whole grains, low-fat dairy, and protein sources like seafood, nuts, and legumes, while limiting saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium. For people with CKD, such a diet can help reduce risks from the disease.
The document discusses changing trends in diabetes mellitus, noting that it is increasingly affecting lower income groups and daily wage earners due to toxic non-nutrients in diets from fertilizers, chemicals, and processed foods. A study of over 1200 people in rural Bihar found that most had elevated blood sugar levels and liver enzymes. Treating hepatic dysfunction with hepatoprotective drugs in addition to antidiabetic medications resulted in better blood sugar regulation and control without circadian variation, suggesting hyperglycemia has hepatic and pancreatic causes. Dietary changes and limiting toxic non-nutrients in food are recommended to curb the rising diabetes epidemic in India.
This study examined the effects of consuming probiotic yogurt on serum cholesterol levels in 46 individuals with hypercholesterolemia in Shiraz, Iran. The participants were divided into two groups, with one group consuming 300g per day of probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacteria, and the other consuming regular yogurt, over two 6-week periods. Blood samples analyzed before and after each period found that consumption of probiotic yogurt significantly reduced LDL ("bad") cholesterol levels compared to regular yogurt. Additionally, probiotic yogurt reduced total cholesterol and increased HDL ("good") cholesterol, though not significantly. The results suggest that probiotic bacteria like L. acidophilus and Bifidobacteria can
This document discusses the importance of maintaining pH balance in the body through diet. It provides definitions of food and junk food, and discusses how junk food tricks our taste buds through MSG but provides no real nutrition. While exercise is important, we can't out-exercise a poor diet. The body strives for a slightly alkaline pH but many modern foods and lifestyle factors make achieving this difficult. Ways to test pH through blood, urine, and saliva samples are described, along with factors that can affect levels. An important takeaway is that everyone requires a unique acid-alkaline balance.
A STATISTICAL STUDY ON THE TRENDS OF FAST FOOD CONSUMPTIONGarima Taneja
A Statistical study to compare the trends of fast food consumption among students according to gender, age, residential status etc., which is the most preferred fast food among students, which is the most preferred place to eat fast food, amount of money students spend on fast food and were they aware about the health risks associated with fast food.
Background: Alcohol has long been a global social and medical issue. According to W.H.O report. Total 3.3 million people die from
alcohol abuse annually. Alcoholic liver disease (A.L.D.) ranges from steatosis to liver cirrhosis. Chronic heavy drinkers get hepatitis
or cirrhosis 15 20% of the time
Methods: This study was c onducted in the general medicine inpatient department at PGIMER & C . in Bhubaneswar, Odisha,
Indi a. All hospitali z ed patients with liver illness who had previously t aken alcohol were screened. Each patient's alcohol
consumption, including native alcoholic beverages, was recorded. To support the diagnosis, all standard and extra examination s
were carri ed out. The modified Kuppuswamy scale was used to determine s s ocioeconomic class.
Results: The study comprised 186 participants with a median age of 46. The gender ratio was 3:1, with 139 (74.7%) men. Urban
populations have a greater prevalence of alcohol ic liver disease (60.75%) than rural populations (39.24%). The l ower
s ocioeconomic c lass (50.53%) has the highest rate of alcoholic liver disease. Men drink more (>700 gm/wk) and married people
drink more. A woman who drinks 140 280 grams per week for 10 1 5 years is more likely to develop alcoholic liver disease than a
man who drinks >700 grams per week for 15 years.
Conclusions: In this study, we conclude d that the prevalence of A .L. about S .E. is of utmost importance in developing
population based st r ategies that effectively educate individuals on the need to modify their drinking habits. This is crucial to
mitigate the occurrence of alcohol consumption and its associated repercussions.
Key-words: Socioeconomic status, Hospitalized Patients, Alcoholic Liver Disease
This document summarizes a community health engagement program conducted in Papua New Guinea. The program explored health issues and behaviors in two communities through surveys. It found high rates of non-communicable diseases like hypertension and obesity, likely underdiagnosed. Addictive behaviors like smoking, alcohol, and betel nut chewing were common, with betel nut chewing associated with hypertension. The study highlights the need for more screening to prevent chronic disease complications in these communities undergoing lifestyle changes.
THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF SOYA BEAN CHUNKS SUPPLEMENTION DURING HEMODIALYSISNeeleshkumar Maurya
This document summarizes a study on the therapeutic effects of soybean chunk supplementation during hemodialysis. The study involved 30 chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis, who were divided into two groups. The first group received standard hemodialysis treatment, while the second group received hemodialysis treatment plus dietary counseling to consume 50g of soybean chunks daily, which are a rich source of protein and nutrients. Biochemical parameters like hemoglobin, serum albumin, cholesterol, and triglycerides significantly improved in the group that received soybean chunk supplementation compared to those who only received standard hemodialysis treatment. The results indicate that providing nutrient-enriched foods like soybean chunks and dietary counseling can
Potential role of uric acid in correlation with epidemics of hypertension and...Apollo Hospitals
This document summarizes a study examining the potential role of uric acid in correlation with hypertension and albumin creatinine ratio in patients with diabetic nephropathy. The study included 180 subjects divided into three groups: healthy controls, those with type 2 diabetes but without nephropathy, and those with both type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. Results showed higher levels of factors like blood sugar, HbA1c, creatinine and albumin creatinine ratio in the nephropathy group compared to the other groups. While uric acid correlated positively with blood pressure and albumin creatinine ratio in the diabetes groups, no significant difference was found. Larger future studies are needed to better evaluate
This study aims to evaluate the effect of reduced sodium intake on hypertensive patients through a randomized controlled study. Hypertensive patients will be randomly assigned to an intervention group that receives dietary counseling to reduce sodium intake to less than 2g per day or a control group. The blood pressure of both groups will be monitored and compared over 3 months. The primary objective is to assess the impact of reduced sodium intake on blood pressure. Secondary objectives include evaluating how patients replace salt and any benefits or adverse effects. Results will compare the blood pressure effects of reduced versus normal sodium intake. The study concludes reduced sodium intake can help control blood pressure and raises awareness of limiting salt consumption.
Comparison of Glucose in Urine with Likening of Pigeons as Pets IIJSRJournal
If someone is liking pigeons as pets, this may be due to their intelligent, effortless, and loving nature. The chief objectives of this study were to relate pigeon lovers as a pet with the level of glucose in their urine. Around 100 students of Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan were participants of this study. Pee has glucose that is measured for measuring the glucose in urine. If glucose is not present in the urine it shows the kidney is working well. There is no major effect of glucose in urine with the love of a pigeon as a pet.
Management of nutrition in patients with renal failure is challenging as malnutrition occurs in up to 40% of such patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Malnutrition has multiple contributing factors, including decreased food intake due to gastrointestinal symptoms. Providing appropriate calorie and protein intake tailored to the patient's stage of kidney disease is important to permit adequate nutrition without unnecessary restrictions. Nutritional assessment, monitoring guidelines for calories, proteins and minerals, and specialized nutrition support are crucial for managing the nutrition of renal failure patients.
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose in an urban Pakistani population, as well as identify associated risk factors. The study found a diabetes prevalence of 13.14%, with higher rates in males (15.41%) than females (12.31%). Impaired fasting glucose prevalence was 5.61%. Risk of diabetes increased with age, family history of diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and higher waist circumference. The main findings were an increased burden of type 2 diabetes in Pakistan associated with modifiable risk factors like obesity, family history, and hypertension.
This document discusses the role of low protein diets in the management of hepatic encephalopathy and cirrhosis. It notes that while protein restriction was commonly practiced, the evidence was unclear. Several studies found no benefit and potential harm from low protein diets. Current guidelines recommend maintaining protein intake at 1.2-1.5g/kg/day, with an emphasis on vegetable proteins which may be better tolerated. Overall, the evidence suggests protein restriction is not beneficial and could worsen malnutrition for patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy.
This document summarizes a study that examined the connection between blood pressure and liking potatoes. The study measured the blood pressure of 200 university students and assessed their liking for potatoes. It found the average systolic and diastolic blood pressures of students, as well as their standard deviations. It administered a questionnaire on potato liking and used statistical analysis to determine if there was a link between blood pressure and potato preference. The study concluded that there was no connection between a student's blood pressure and whether they liked potatoes or not.
The urinalysis is one of the most commonly ordered tests in pediatrics due to the ease of urine collection and testing. The urine dipstick test screens for various disorders and remains a common test performed in primary care clinics. Abnormal dipstick results can be due to pathological or non-pathological causes, and false positives and negatives are also common. It is important to consider the clinical context and perform repeat testing or microscopic analysis when abnormal dipstick results are found.
The current study, which was conducted in the district Dir (Upper) in Khyber
Pukhtunkhwa Pakistan, investigated the relationship between dietary patterns and
the prevalence of hypertension. A total of three hundred and thirty one sample size
was determined from 2500 respondents as per the Sekarn criteria. The sampled
respondents were recruited from Rural Health Centers (RHC) and other clinics and
dispensaries in Tehsil (Sub-division) Sheringal of district Dir Upper, Khyber
Pukhtunkhwah Pakistan using a convenient sampling method. Further, the data
were collected through a structured questionnaire covering the study variables,
which were dietary habits (independent variable) and hypertension (dependent
variable). Moreover, the selected data were analyzed by the application of SPSS
(25 version) by applying descriptive statistics and chi-square test statistics
analysis. Furthermore, all the attributes of hypertension were indexed and crosstabulated to expose the association with dietary habits at bivariate level analysis.
With descriptive statistics, the results indicated that majority of the respondents,
with regards to gender identity, who suffered from hypertension were male,
between the age group of 40-59 years, with a high illiteracy level. At bivariate level
a significant association was found between hypertension and lack of proper food;
less vegetable consumption; and excessive usage of salty food was the major
cause of hypertension. Based on the aforementioned findings, it is possible to
conclude that the respondents' poor daily food habits were the root cause of their
hypertension. Furthermore, the consumption of fatty and salty foods rather than
vegetables was discovered to be additional contributing factors to hypert
The objective of this study was to correlate human body weight and urine leukocytes. A complete blood cell analysis also measures the leukocytes level. In blood stream, if level of leukocytes is higher than normal it may an indication of infection. This infection may be in the bladder or in the urethral tube that carries urine from bladder. In urine, leucocytes may be due to kidney stones, pelvis tumor and any other type of blockage in urinary tract. Frequent urination, burning sensation and cloudy urine indicates leukocytes in urine. In this method, stick was dipped for few second in a sample container and then compared with the chart given. Dipstick procedure was followed and tested for the urine leukocytes. Results were analyzed by estimating the percentages of the samples. There were four different categories of body weights and also noted the readings accordingly. It was concluded that there was no significant relationship between body weight and urine leukocytes.
Effects of Peptides and Amino Acids Derived from Oyster on Blood LipidsSai Babitha
Objectives: The objective of this study is to demonstrate the effect on blood lipids in
humans, of a supplement which contained peptides and amino acids originating from
oyster meat.
Methods: Proteins in oyster meat were hydrolyzed by enzymes, followed by preparing
oyster meat extract powder containing the peptides and free amino acids as a
supplement. We performed the following 2 clinical trials in which male and female
adults with dyslipidemia received the oyster meat supplement for specified periods; in
the first open label trial, the oyster meat supplement was given to 14 subjects (average
age 48.7 years old) for 8 weeks, while in the second crossover controlled trial, the
oyster meat supplement and its placebo were taken by 19 subjects (average age 52.4
years old) for 4 weeks, respectively. In these trials, the effect of the supplement on
blood lipids was evaluated by conducting serum chemistry and body composition
measurement before and after taking the supplement.
Results: In the open label trial, at the end of Week 4 from the start of taking the
supplement, a decrease of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and an increase of
high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in blood lipoproteins were observed with statistically
significant difference (P<0.01).
In the crossover placebo-controlled study, we confirmed the reduction of the ratio
of VLDL in lipoproteins (P=0.04), the increase of HDL cholesterol (P=0.02), and the
suppression of the elevation of triglycerides (TG) (P=0.02) Week 4after the start of
taking of the supplement.
Conclusion: The oyster meat extract powder was most likely to have potential utilities
in the management of dyslipidemia.
The document discusses healthy eating patterns for chronic kidney disease (CKD). It notes that healthy eating patterns with adequate fruits and vegetables and limited alcohol and sodium may delay CKD progression and improve survival. The U.S. Dietary Guidelines recommend a diet including vegetables, fruits, whole grains, low-fat dairy, and protein sources like seafood, nuts, and legumes, while limiting saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium. For people with CKD, such a diet can help reduce risks from the disease.
The document discusses changing trends in diabetes mellitus, noting that it is increasingly affecting lower income groups and daily wage earners due to toxic non-nutrients in diets from fertilizers, chemicals, and processed foods. A study of over 1200 people in rural Bihar found that most had elevated blood sugar levels and liver enzymes. Treating hepatic dysfunction with hepatoprotective drugs in addition to antidiabetic medications resulted in better blood sugar regulation and control without circadian variation, suggesting hyperglycemia has hepatic and pancreatic causes. Dietary changes and limiting toxic non-nutrients in food are recommended to curb the rising diabetes epidemic in India.
This study examined the effects of consuming probiotic yogurt on serum cholesterol levels in 46 individuals with hypercholesterolemia in Shiraz, Iran. The participants were divided into two groups, with one group consuming 300g per day of probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacteria, and the other consuming regular yogurt, over two 6-week periods. Blood samples analyzed before and after each period found that consumption of probiotic yogurt significantly reduced LDL ("bad") cholesterol levels compared to regular yogurt. Additionally, probiotic yogurt reduced total cholesterol and increased HDL ("good") cholesterol, though not significantly. The results suggest that probiotic bacteria like L. acidophilus and Bifidobacteria can
This document discusses the importance of maintaining pH balance in the body through diet. It provides definitions of food and junk food, and discusses how junk food tricks our taste buds through MSG but provides no real nutrition. While exercise is important, we can't out-exercise a poor diet. The body strives for a slightly alkaline pH but many modern foods and lifestyle factors make achieving this difficult. Ways to test pH through blood, urine, and saliva samples are described, along with factors that can affect levels. An important takeaway is that everyone requires a unique acid-alkaline balance.
A STATISTICAL STUDY ON THE TRENDS OF FAST FOOD CONSUMPTIONGarima Taneja
A Statistical study to compare the trends of fast food consumption among students according to gender, age, residential status etc., which is the most preferred fast food among students, which is the most preferred place to eat fast food, amount of money students spend on fast food and were they aware about the health risks associated with fast food.
Background: Alcohol has long been a global social and medical issue. According to W.H.O report. Total 3.3 million people die from
alcohol abuse annually. Alcoholic liver disease (A.L.D.) ranges from steatosis to liver cirrhosis. Chronic heavy drinkers get hepatitis
or cirrhosis 15 20% of the time
Methods: This study was c onducted in the general medicine inpatient department at PGIMER & C . in Bhubaneswar, Odisha,
Indi a. All hospitali z ed patients with liver illness who had previously t aken alcohol were screened. Each patient's alcohol
consumption, including native alcoholic beverages, was recorded. To support the diagnosis, all standard and extra examination s
were carri ed out. The modified Kuppuswamy scale was used to determine s s ocioeconomic class.
Results: The study comprised 186 participants with a median age of 46. The gender ratio was 3:1, with 139 (74.7%) men. Urban
populations have a greater prevalence of alcohol ic liver disease (60.75%) than rural populations (39.24%). The l ower
s ocioeconomic c lass (50.53%) has the highest rate of alcoholic liver disease. Men drink more (>700 gm/wk) and married people
drink more. A woman who drinks 140 280 grams per week for 10 1 5 years is more likely to develop alcoholic liver disease than a
man who drinks >700 grams per week for 15 years.
Conclusions: In this study, we conclude d that the prevalence of A .L. about S .E. is of utmost importance in developing
population based st r ategies that effectively educate individuals on the need to modify their drinking habits. This is crucial to
mitigate the occurrence of alcohol consumption and its associated repercussions.
Key-words: Socioeconomic status, Hospitalized Patients, Alcoholic Liver Disease
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A Review on Polyherbal Formulations and Herbal Medicine for Management of Ul...BRNSS Publication Hub
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Current Trends in Treatments and Targets of Neglected Tropical DiseaseBRNSS Publication Hub
This document summarizes current trends in treatments and targets of neglected tropical diseases. It begins by stating that neglected tropical diseases affect over 1.7 billion people globally each year and are caused by a variety of microbes. The World Health Organization is working to eliminate 30 neglected tropical diseases by 2030. The document then discusses several specific neglected tropical diseases in more detail, including human African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, soil-transmitted helminths, and schistosomiasis. It describes the causative agents, transmission methods, symptoms, affected populations, and current treatment options for each of these diseases. Overall, the document aims to briefly discuss neglected infectious diseases and treatment
Evaluation of Cordia Dichotoma gum as A Potent Excipient for the Formulation ...BRNSS Publication Hub
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The document discusses Goldbach's problems and their solutions. It summarizes that the ternary Goldbach problem, which states that every odd number greater than 7 can be represented as the sum of three odd primes, was solved in 2013. It also discusses Ramare's 1995 proof that any even number can be represented as the sum of no more than 6 primes. The document then provides proofs for theorems related to representing numbers as sums of primes and concludes there are an infinite number of twin primes.
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
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Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
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আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
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Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
2. Qadir and Sultana: Repercussion of pH of urine on noodle delineation
IJPBA/Jan-Mar-2024/Vol 15/Issue 1 17
It is helpful in weight loss. The noodles are low-
calorie food and beneficial for peoples of almost
all ages. A lot of advantages of noodles are present
as they are cheap and handy. Noodles can be eating
any time. Noodles are made by mixing different
vegetables, chicken, boiled water, salt, and black
paper. Noodles are mostly used in China as a
most favorite dish. Noodles are good sources of
vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and lipids,
Noodles are the most favorite dish of children and
youngsters. Noodles also increase fats in the body.
Noodles are made up of different materials such as
wheat, rice, and oat. The noodles made up of rice
are white. Noodles are made up of rice which is
a rich source of proteins and lipids. Noodles are
spicy in taste.[3-6]
The intent of the present study was to associate the
urine pH with the noodles rendering.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Questionnaire was prepared which was answered
by the subjects according to their knowledge and
interest. All subjects belong to the Institute of
Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin
Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. Their age
ranges between 18 and 22.
Measurement of Urine pH
First of all, take a urine jar and collect a urine
sample into the jar. After collecting the sample dip,
the strip into it. After some time, check the pH.
If the color of strip remains the same, the pH is
acidic but if the color of pH turns green, the pH is
alkaline.
Project Design
The intent of the present study was to associate the
urine pH with the noodles rendering.
Figure 2: Repercussion of pH of urine on noodle delineated
and non-noodle delineated females
Figure 1: Repercussion of pH of urine on noodle delineated
and non-noodle delineated females and males
Figure 4: Repercussion of pH of urine on non-noodle
delineated males and females
Figure 3: Repercussion of pH of urine on noodle delineated
males and females
3. Qadir and Sultana: Repercussion of pH of urine on noodle delineation
IJPBA/Jan-Mar-2024/Vol 15/Issue 1 18
Assessment of Demography
SAS was used to analyze the data.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Out of 84 students, only 54 students were noodles
delineated while 30 students were not noodles
delineated [Figures 1-4]. 14 males were present in
this project of which 10 were noodles delineated
and 4 were not noodles delineated. The average
value of males who were noodles depicted was 6.55
and their standard deviation was 1.01. The average
value of males who were not noodles delineated
was 6.33 and their standard deviation was 0.577
[Figure 1]. 70 females were present in this project
of which 44 were noodles delineated and 26 were
not noodles delineated [Figure 2]. The average
value of females who were noodles delineated was
6.069 and their standard deviation was 1.099 and
the average value of females who were not noodles
delineated was 6.44 and their standard deviation
was 0.86 [Figures 2 and 3]. 98 males were present
in this project of which 69 were noodles delineated
and 29 were not noodles delineated.
Questionnaire-based study has given significant
outcomes.[7-14]
Miyake et al. reported that their
study indicates that NAFLD is associated with
a low urine pH in both sexes, findings that
might help clinicians identify patients at high
risk for NAFLD.[15]
Chung et al. reported that
low UpH can be used as a surrogate marker
of MetS and affects the development of MetS,
associative with the increase of dyslipidemia
and dysglycemia in those without MetS. If UpH
is ≤5.0, efforts to prevent metabolic disorders
are warranted.[16]
CONCLUSION
It is closured to the present task that there is not
much influence of noodle delineation on urine pH.
The t-test P-value of males is 0.4 while females
have 0.83 P-value.
REFERENCES
1. KimSH,JoungJY,ChungJ,LeeKH,SeoHK,KwonWA,
et al. Concentration of mitomycin-C in urine according
to urine Ph after intravesical instillation of mitomycin-C
in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients. J Urol
2016;195:e135-e136.
2. McMillanAM,PalP,PhillipsRL,PalmadaT,BerbenPH,Jha
N, et al. Can pH amendments in grazed pastures help reduce
N2O emissions from denitrification?-The effects of liming
and urine addition on the completion of denitrification in
fluvialandvolcanicsoils.SoilBiolBiochem2016;93:90-104.
3. Yoshiko A, Tomoko I, Michiko S. Effects of “Kansui”
(alkaline solution) on physical property of noodle.
J Home Econ Japan 2006;57:461-7.
4. Sultana M. Influence of blood group on noodle depiction.
Innov J Med Sci 2018;2.
5. Sultana M. Influence of blood pressure on noodle
delineation. J Med Rev 2019;2:280-2.
6. Sultana M. Consequences of fasting blood sugar on
noodle delineation. J Med Rev 2019;2:272-4.
7. Qadir MI, Javid A. Awareness about Crohn’s disease in
biotechnology students. Glob Adv Res J Med Med Sci
2018;7:62-4.
8. Qadir MI, Saleem A. Awareness about ischemic heart
disease in university biotechnology students. Glob Adv
Res J Med Med Sci 2018;7:59-61.
9. Qadir MI, Ishfaq S. Awareness about hypertension in
biology students. Int J Mod Pharm Res 2018;7:8-10.
10. Qadir MI, Mehwish. Awareness about psoriasis disease.
Int J Mod Pharma Res 2018;7:17-8.
11. Qadir MI, Shahzad R. Awareness about obesity in
postgraduate students of biotechnology. Int J Mod Pharm
Res 2018;7:14-6.
12. Qadir MI, Rizvi M. Awareness about thalassemia in post
graduate students. MOJ Lymphology Phlebol 2018;2:14-6.
13. Qadir MI, Alvi GB. Awareness survey about colorectal
cancer in students of M. Phil Biotechnology at Bahauddin
Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. Nov Approaches
Cancer Study 2018;1.
14. Qadir MI, Ghafoor S. Awareness about intestinal cancer
in university student. Nov Approaches Cancer Study
2018;1:000515
15. MiyakeT,YoshidaS,YamamotoS,FurukawaS,YoshidaO,
Kanzaki S, et al. Low urine pH Is associated with non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease: A community-based cross-
sectional study. Intern Med 2018;57:2799-805.
16. Chung SM, Moon JS, Yoon JS, Won KC, Lee HW.
Low urine pH affects the development of metabolic
syndrome, associative with the increase of dyslipidemia
and dysglycemia: Nationwide cross-sectional study
(KNHANES2013-2015)andasingle-centerretrospective
cohort study. PLoS One 2018;13:e0202757.
![© 2024, IJPBA. All Rights Reserved 16
RESEARCH ARTICLE
How Noodle Delineation Influences the Urine pH
Muhammad Imran Qadir, Mehwish Sultana
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
Received: 30 November 2023; Revised: 23 December 2023; Accepted: 18 January 2024
ABSTRACT
The intent of the present study was to associate the urine pH with the noodles rendering. The pH of urine
is acidic, alkaline, or neutral. If the pH of your urine is less than seven, the pH is acidic. If the pH is more
than seven, the pH shows alkalinity. However, if the pH is seven, the pH is neutral. The pH in the body is
maintained by the kidney. The glomerular filtrate of blood is usually acidified by the kidneys from a pH of
approximately 7.4 to a pH of about 6 in urine. Normally, the pH in our body is maintained by the kidney
primarily through the reabsorption of sodium, hydrogen, and ammonium ions. If the amount of sodium
is more than the pH of urine, it is acidic. If the amount of bicarbonate-carbonic acid is excess, the pH
of urine is basic or alkali. Noodles are mostly used in China as a most favorite dish. Noodles are a good
source of vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and lipids. It is closured from the present study that there is
no influence of noodle delineation on urine pH.
Keywords: Effect of noodle delineation on urine pH, noodle delineation, pH of urine
INTRODUCTION
UrinePHmeanswhetheryoururineisacidicorbasic
some things such as drugs and diet unconsciously
change the PH of urine. It causes kidney stones.
Kidney stone is the deposition of minerals or small
particles which cause pain during urination. Some
drugs such as acetazolamide, ammonium chloride,
potassium citrate, and sodium bicarbonate cause
the change of urine PH which we mostly use in
our daily life. The neutral PH is 7. If PH decreases,
it becomes acidic and when it increases, it makes
urine basic. We can easily test the PH by urine test.
Dehydration, diabetes, diarrhea, and starvation are
the other main factors which affect the PH of urine.
Abnormal PH causes stomach acidity, kidney stone,
vomiting, and infection in the urinary track. The
glomerular filtrate of blood is usually acidified by
the kidneys from a pH of approximately 7.4 to a pH
of about 6 in urine. Normally, the pH in our body
is maintained by the kidney primarily through the
reabsorption of sodium, hydrogen, and ammonium
ions. If the amount of sodium is more than the pH
of urine, it is acidic. If the amount of bicarbonate-
carbonic acid is excess, the pH of urine is basic or
alkali. The acidic and basic pH is not normal so
if the pH is acidic or basic, urgently contact your
doctor.[1,2]
Noodles are most common food in China. It is
delicious in taste; it is easy to cook and serve.
There are different types of noodles. All the types
of noodles are delicious in taste. The noodles are
most common dish in almost all the countries. The
noodles of every shape are delicious in taste. Egg
noodles are a rich source of protein. Noodles are
dry and hard before cooking but after cooking, it
is soft and wavy in shape and easy to eat. Noodles
are mostly eaten in Northern countries. Noodles
are low-calorie food. It is mostly used by those
people who want to lose weight. The noodles in
the packed form can be preserved for long period
of time but after cooked, it is preserved only for
2–3 days. Many people’s use noodles during
dieting because noodles are a low-calorie food.
Available Online at www.ijpba.info
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Biological Archives 2024; 15(1):16-18
ISSN 2582 – 6050
*Corresponding Author:
Mehwish Sultana,
E-mail: 786mehwishsultana@gmail.com](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/03ijpba209924-240524071526-aa92ae5b/85/How-Noodle-Delineation-Influences-the-Urine-pH-1-320.jpg)
![Qadir and Sultana: Repercussion of pH of urine on noodle delineation
IJPBA/Jan-Mar-2024/Vol 15/Issue 1 17
It is helpful in weight loss. The noodles are low-
calorie food and beneficial for peoples of almost
all ages. A lot of advantages of noodles are present
as they are cheap and handy. Noodles can be eating
any time. Noodles are made by mixing different
vegetables, chicken, boiled water, salt, and black
paper. Noodles are mostly used in China as a
most favorite dish. Noodles are good sources of
vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and lipids,
Noodles are the most favorite dish of children and
youngsters. Noodles also increase fats in the body.
Noodles are made up of different materials such as
wheat, rice, and oat. The noodles made up of rice
are white. Noodles are made up of rice which is
a rich source of proteins and lipids. Noodles are
spicy in taste.[3-6]
The intent of the present study was to associate the
urine pH with the noodles rendering.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Questionnaire was prepared which was answered
by the subjects according to their knowledge and
interest. All subjects belong to the Institute of
Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin
Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. Their age
ranges between 18 and 22.
Measurement of Urine pH
First of all, take a urine jar and collect a urine
sample into the jar. After collecting the sample dip,
the strip into it. After some time, check the pH.
If the color of strip remains the same, the pH is
acidic but if the color of pH turns green, the pH is
alkaline.
Project Design
The intent of the present study was to associate the
urine pH with the noodles rendering.
Figure 2: Repercussion of pH of urine on noodle delineated
and non-noodle delineated females
Figure 1: Repercussion of pH of urine on noodle delineated
and non-noodle delineated females and males
Figure 4: Repercussion of pH of urine on non-noodle
delineated males and females
Figure 3: Repercussion of pH of urine on noodle delineated
males and females](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)