2. PRODUCTION PROCESS IN SUGAR INDUSTRY
Presented by:
M.Mustafeez ur Rehman
&
Wasif Naeem.
3. SUGAR
•Sugar is a vital ingredient in most of out daily
consumption articles. For example: Soft drinks, juices, tea,
biscuits, sweetmeats, bakery items ,deserts, etc.
•It is a vital need more than a want to our society.
4. INTRODUCTION
• The Second Largest agro based industry after
Textiles.
• Pakistan is an important cane producing country and
is ranked fifth in world cane acreage and 15th in sugar
production.
• Its share in value added of agriculture and GDP are 3.4
percent and 0.7 percent, respectively
5. HISTORY
• During the year 1997-1998 there were 75 sugar
mills in the country and it produces.
• Sugarcane is grown on over a million hectares
and provides the raw material for Pakistan’s 75
sugar mills.
• Dewan Sugar Mills Limited established as a
public limited company in 1982 is one of the
largest sugar mills of Pakistan having a cane
crushing capacity of over 9,000tons per day.
8. CLEANING
• After the cane arrives at the mill yards, it is mechanically
unloaded, and excessive soil and rocks are removed.
• The cane is cleaned by flooding the carrier with warm or by
spreading the cane on agitating conveyors that pass
through strong jets of water and combing drums.
• At this point, the cane is clean and ready to be milled.
9. GRINDING/ SLICING
∗ After the cleaning process, a machine led by a series of
rotating knives, shreds the cane into pieces. This is known as
"grinding.“
∗ During grinding, hot water is sprayed on to the sugarcane
to dissolve any remaining hard sugar. The smaller pieces of
cane are then spread out on a conveyer belt.
10. JUICE EXTRACTION
∗ The shredded pieces of sugarcane travel on the
conveyer belt through a series of heavy-duty rollers,
which extract juice from the pulp.
∗ The pulp that remains or "bagasse" is dried and used
as fuel. The raw juice moves on through the mill to be
clarified.
11. PURIFICATION OF JUICE
∗ The juice from the mills, a dark green color, is acid and
turbid. The clarification (or defecation) process is designed
to remove both soluble and insoluble impurities (such as
sand, soil, and ground rock) that have not been removed by
preliminary screening.
∗ The process employs lime and heat as the clarifying agents.
12. Cont…
• Carbon dioxide and the milk of a lime are added to the
liquid sugar mixture and it is heated to the boiling point, as
the process of clarifying begins.
• As the carbon dioxide travels through the liquid it forms
calcium carbonate, which attracts non-sugar debris (fats,
gums, and wax) from the juice, and pulls them away from
the sugar juice. The juice is then pushed through a series of
filters to remove any remaining impurities.
13. Cont…
∗ The muds separate from the clear juice through
sedimentation. The non-sugar impurities are removed by
continuous filtration.
∗ The final clarified juice contains about 85 percent water and
has the same composition as the raw extracted juice except
for the removed impurities.
14. EVAPORATION
• To concentrate this clarified juice, about two-thirds of the
water is removed through vacuum evaporation.
• Generally, four vacuum-boiling cells or bodies are arranged
in series so that each succeeding body has a higher vacuum
(and therefore boils at a lower temperature).
• The syrup leaves the last body continuously with about 65
percent solids and 35 percent water.
15. CRYSTALLIZATION
• The crystallization process takes place in vacuum pans
which boil the juice at lower temperatures under vacuum.
• When the juice concentrates it is 'seeded' with tiny sugar
crystals which provide the nucleus for larger crystals to form
and grow. When the crystals reach the desired size the
process is stopped.
• The remaining mixture is a thick mass of large crystals,
which is sent to a centrifuge to spin and dry the crystals. The
dried product is raw sugar, still inedible.
16. REFINERY
• Raw sugar is transported to a Cane Sugar Refinery for the
removal of molasses, minerals and other non-sugars, which
still contaminate the sugar. This is known as the purification
process.
• Raw sugar is mixed with a solution of sugar and water to
loosen the molasses from the outside of the raw sugar
crystals, producing a thick matter known as "magma."
17. Cont…
• Large machines then spin the magma, which separate
the molasses from the crystals. Crystals are promptly
washed, dissolved and filtered to remove impurities.
• The golden syrup which is produced is then sent
through filters to remove the color and water. What's
left is a concentrated, clear syrup, which is again fed
into a vacuum pan.
18. SEPARATION AND PACKAGING
∗ Once the final evaporation and drying process is
done, screens separate the different sized sugar
crystals. Large and small crystals are packaged and
shipped, labeled as white, refined, sugar.
19.
20. CONCLUSIONS
• Sugar industry has a potential to achieve heights in
Pakistan if major steps are taken into consideration in this
regard.
• Sugar industry being the second largest agro based
industry faces a lot of problems and if steps for its
betterment are not taken this industry can collapse which
will result in importing sugar from foreign countries and
would eventually result in an increase in the trade deficit.
• Other than sugar we can diversify and produce Ethanol
which has been proved to be very helpful in developing
economies and ease our import bill.
