4. Separating
Mixtures
A mixture is composed of two or more
types of matter that can be present in
varying amounts.
It can be physically separated by using
methods that use physical properties to
separate the components of the mixture,
such as evaporation, distillation,
filtration and chromatography.
5. Filtration
Some heterogeneous
mixtures with large solids can
be separated using strainers
But some particles of
suspensions are too small to
be strained
fine suspended particles are
instead filtered using filter
paper
6. • Filter paper has finer holes
for water to pass through
but not ground coffee
• Filtrate - liquid that passed
the filter
• Residue - insoluble large
molecules that are left
behind
10. Decantation
• Decantation is pouring or scooping the
topmost liquid.
• The process can be carried out by tilting
the mixture after pouring out the top layer.
• Immiscible liquids- liquids that do not mix
(e.g. oil and water)
• Separating immiscible liquids is not simple
in large scale situations just like oil spills
• Some use ships with pumps to suction out
the oil
12. Sedimentation,
decantation,
and filtration
are useful separating
techniques such as in water
purification.
to purify water, suspended
particles are filtered out while
substances that is heavier than
water are made to settle out
through sedimentation and
removed through decantation.
13. Evaporation
• The method used to separate salt from
seawater
• Evaporation is when liquid becomes
gas because of heat
• Evaporation can be used to purify
water
• Water evaporates, leaving the
impurities behind
• Water vapor then condensed back
into being pure liquid water
14.
15. Distillation
• It is used in homogeneous
mixtures whose
components have a big
difference in boiling points.
• Distillation is important in
the petroleum and wine
industries.
16. Crude Petroleum
• It is distilled to obtain different products such as
gasoline, diesel, fuel, kerosine, oil, and other
petroleum products.
21. Magnetism
Components of solid mixtures can
also be separated through
magnetism.
This process is commonly used in
mining where magnetic materials
such as iron are extracted from
the soil.
Landfills and junkyards use strong
magnets to segregate metallic
objects from other materials.
22. Crystallization
is the process by which a solid
forms, where the atoms or
molecules are highly organized into
a structure known as a crystal.
Some of the ways by which crystals
form are precipitating from a
solution, freezing, or more rarely
deposition directly from a gas.
E.g. Making rock salt from seawater
and rock candies, such as lollipops.
Complete evaporation of water
results to the formation of
crystallization.
23. Sublimation
Is used to separate
components of a solid
mixture.
One components to
separated in this
mixture will turn into
gas.
26. Chromatography
Separates the different
components of a mixture
using an absorbent
material.
The most common form
of chromatography is
paper chromatography.
28. It’s recap time!!
Mixtures may be separated through physical means. The
common separation procedures are filtration,
sedimentation, decantation, and distillation.
Special techniques such as magnetic separation,
crystallization, sublimation, and chromatography are
also employed in different laboratories and industries.
