The document provides an overview of database environments, development processes, and the role of database management systems (DBMS). It discusses the characteristics and requirements of databases, along with concepts such as data types, records, and the importance of data accuracy and quality. Additionally, it highlights the advantages and disadvantages of manual versus electronic databases, emphasizing efficiency and complexity in setup.

1. ISDBS 213
Prepared By:
Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang
Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre

2. The Database Environment and
Development Process
IS-DBS 213-1
Meaningful facts and unprocessed items
which can include text, graphics, images,
sound, video segments
DATA
A collection of individual responses from
a marketing research
Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213

3. The Database Environment and
Development Process
IS-DBS 213-1
Data processed to be useful
in decision making
INFORMATION
Pattern of geographical buying
habit based on analysis of a
marketing research
Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213

4. DB and DBMS
Data processed to be useful
in decision making
DATABASE
collection of data organized in a
manner that allows access, retrieval,
and use of that data
Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213

5. Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
A SHARED COLLECTION OF RELATED DATA
WHICH WILL BE USED TO SUPPORT THE
ACTIVITIES OF PARTICULAR
ORGANIZATION. DATABASE CAN BE
VIEWED AS A REPOSITORY OF DATA THAT
IS DEFINED ONCE AND THEN IS ACCESSED
BY VARIOUS USERS.
ISDBS 213
DATABASE

6. DB and DBMS
Software system that manages
databases
DBMS (Database Management System)
Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213
users create a computerized database; add, modify
and delete data in the database; sort and retrieve
data from the database; and create forms
and reports from the data in the database.

7. Database Systems
Collection of electronic data
Central repository of shared
data
Stored in a standardized,
convenient form.
Requires a Database
Management System (DBMS)
Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213

8. WHY DBMS?
Security
Can handle many users with
good performance
Allows for concurrency while
keeping data consistent
Protects from disaster
Prepared By: Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre | IS-DBS 313-1

9. Database is logical coherent and
internally consistent.
Database is designed, built, and populated with
data for a specific purpose.
Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213
Database Management System (DBMS) is a
collection of programs that enable users to
create, maintain database and control all the
access to the database. The primary goal of
the DBMS is to provide an environment that
is both convenient and efficient for user to
retrieve and store information.

10. Data that describes data
METADATA
Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213
Database Management System (DBMS) is a
collection of programs that enable users to
create, maintain database and control all the
access to the database. The primary goal of
the DBMS is to provide an environment that
is both convenient and efficient for user to
retrieve and store information.

11. INFORMATION
Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213

12. METADATA
Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213

13. pos_id pos_title emp_id pos_hrs_per_week
0001 Instructor MA0001 20
0002 Instructor MA0004 40
0003 Instructor MA0001 20
0004 Instructor MA0003 40
0005 Instructor MA0002 40
KEYS
emp_id emp_name emp_access emp_phone_num
MA0001 Rose BSIS 999999
MA0002 Ize ACT 888888
MA0003 Minet BSOM 777777
MA0004 Lynzel BSAIS 555555
(PK)
PRIMARY
KEY(PK) and
FOREIGN KEY
are COMMON
ID
EMPLOYEE TABLE
POSITION TABLE
(FK)
(PK)
PK =1
occurrence
while FK may
have multiple
occurence

14. ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP
DIAGRAM
BUILDING BLOCKS
ATTRIBUTES
Object that has some
properties
Connected with a line
to exactly one entity
Prepared By: Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre | IS-DBS 213-1

15. ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP
DIAGRAM
San Miguel
San Rafael
Obando Angat
Bocaue
San Jose
Pandi
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16. ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP
DIAGRAM
TECHVOC
SHS
DEGREE
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17. ACTIVITY
You are given 5 minutes.
Open
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18. DATA APPLICATIONS
Personal DB
standalone desktop
database
Wokgroup DB LAN (<25 users)
Department DB LAN (25-100 users
Enterprise DB WAN (<100 or 1000 users)
Prepared By: Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre | IS-DBS 313-1

19. DATA MINING
IS-DBS 313-1
Help to find hidden patterns and
relationships in large databases to predict
future behavior
sex
# of section
to open
age
Class size
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20. COMPONENTS OF DB
ENVIRONMENT
UI App Prog
CASE tool
Reposit
ory
Database
DB Admin System Dev

21. DATA DICTIONARY
Descriptions of the
properties or characteristics
of the data, including data
types, field sizes, allowable
values, and documentation
Prepared By: Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre | IS-DBS 213-1

22. Information and
Data Models
Information and Data Models
Conceptual/
abstract model
For designers and
operators
Concrete/detailed model for implementors
Prepared By: Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre | IS-DBS 213-1

23. Application program accesses the data stored in
the database by sending requests to the DBMS.
Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213

24. Hierarchy of Data
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25. ADD A SLIDE TITLE - 5
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26. The data type specifies the kind of data a
field can contain and how the field is
used. Common data types include:
Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213
• Text
• Currency
• Date
• Memo
• Yes/No
• Hyperlink
• Object
• Attachement

27. Hierarchy of Data
•Characters
• In the ASCII coding scheme, each byte
represents a single character, which
can be a number (4), letter (R), space,
punctuation mark (?), or other symbol
(&).
Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
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28. A field is a combination of
one or more related
characters or bytes and is the
smallest unit of data a user
access.
Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213
A field name uniquely identifies each
field. The field size defines the maximum
number of characters a field can contain.

29. RECORDS
A record is a group of related
fields.
Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213
For example, a student record
includes a set of fields about
one student.
A primary key is a field that uniquely
identifies each record in a file. In some
tables, the primary key consists of
multiple fields, called a composite key.

30. A data file is a collection of related records
stored on a storage medium such as a hard
disk or optical disc. A database includes a
group of related data files.

31. Garbage in, garbage out
is a computing phrase that
points out the accuracy of a
computer’s output depends on
the accuracy of the input.
Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213

32. QUALITIES OF VALUABLE INFORMATION
• Accurate information is error free.
Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213
• Verifiable information can be proven as
correct or incorrect.
• Timely information has an age suited to its
use.
• Organized information is arranged to suit
the needs and requirements of the decision
maker.

33. QUALITIES OF VALUABLE INFORMATION
• Accessible information is available
when the decision maker needs it.
Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213
• Useful information has meaning to
the person who receives it.
• Cost-effective information should
give more value than it costs to
produce.

34. Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213
ACID PROPERTIES OF DATABASE
Atomicity Consistency
Durability
Isolation
in order to ensure accuracy,
completeness, and data integrity.

35. Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213
ACID PROPERTIES OF DATABASE
Atomicity
transaction must
be treated as an
atomic unit.
States should be defined either
before the execution of the
transaction or after the
execution/abortion/failure of the
transaction

36. Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213
ACID PROPERTIES OF DATABASE
Consistency
the database must remain
in a consistent state after
any transaction
If the database was in a consistent
state before the execution of a
transaction, it must remain consistent
after the execution of the transaction
as well.

37. Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213
ACID PROPERTIES OF DATABASE
Isolation
where more than one
transaction are being
executed simultaneously
and in parallel
No transaction will affect the
existence of any other
transaction.

38. Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213
ACID PROPERTIES OF DATABASE
DURABILITY
The database should be
durable enough to hold all
its latest updates even if
the system fails or restarts
If a transaction updates a chunk
of data in a database and
commits, then the database will
hold the modified data.

39. MANUAL VS ELECTRONIC DATABASES:
ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND FEATURES
Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213

40. A manual
database is one
that is not
computerized – i.e.
not available in
electronic format.
Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213

41. An electronic database is
one that is computerized,
and can be
accessed/manipulated
using computer
applications.
Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213

42. ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRONIC
DATABASES OVER MANUAL DATABASES
store very large
amounts of data
allow easy input and
editing of data
enable automatic
updating and recalculating of data
make it easier to
query, search, filter and retrieve required
data.
Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
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43. 5. format, arrange and
present information in customizable ways.
6. can easily share the
information with other software
applications/programs.
7. allow centralized use
of information amongst many users over a
network and therefore reduce duplication, e.g
in banks.
Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213

44. 1.Complexity: expect of a good database makes it
complex to set up.
2.Cost of setting up a database: varies significantly,
depending on the hardware, software and
functionality required.
3.The need for conversion & difficult transition:
converting existing applications to run on the new
DBMS and hardware plus the cost of training staff
to use these new systems.
Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213

45. 4. Performance: Typically, a file-based system is
written for a specific application, such as
invoicing. As a result, performance is generally
very good.
5. Higher impact of a failure: The
centralization of resources increases the
vulnerability of the system.
Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213

46. END OF MODULE 1
Prepared By: Ms. Minerva V. Magbitang| Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre
ISDBS 213