The document provides a map and descriptions of the major cellular organelles. It describes the nucleus, which contains the cell's DNA and directs protein production. The cell membrane separates and protects the cell, controlling what enters and exits. Ribosomes build proteins using instructions from the nucleus. Lysosomes digest molecules. Mitochondria produce energy. Other organelles described include the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, vacuoles, cytoskeleton, and centrioles.

1. A map to cellular organelles

2. •The nucleus is the
center of the cell which
contains the cells DNA
and is often known as the
control center of the
cell.
•It sends instructions to
ribosomes which put
proteins together.
nucleus

3. Cell Membrane
The membrane separates the
cell from the outside world as
well as compartments inside
the cell that help protect
important processes. It is a thin
membrane enclosing the
cytoplasm of a cell which
controls what comes in and out
of the cell. This characteristic is
called being semi permeable,
meaning that it only lets certain
things in and certain things
out. Water, for example, is able
to go through the cell
membrane while other
materials are not.

4. Ribosomes make the
proteins in the cell by
connecting one amino acid to
another. The nucleus tells
them how to make proteins
and which ones to make.
Ribosomes are found floating
through the cytoplasm or on
the endoplasmic reticulum.

5. Lysosomes hold enzymes for digestion in
the cell. They float around the cytoplasm
breaking down complex molecules such as
proteins. The lysosome comes from the
Golgi apparatus which gets enzymes from
the endoplasmic reticulum which later
make up a lysosome.

6. •Mitochondria are spherical
organelles in the cytoplasm that
create energy for the cell.
•“Powerhouse of the cell”
•Have two membranes (most
other organelles only have one)

7. Cilia Flagella
Definition-hairl ike organelles that line the Definition-a long, whip like extension of
surfaces of certain cells and beat in certain cells or unicellular organisms
rhythmic waves as means of that function as a means of
propulsion. locomotion.
• Lots of arms on one cell • Has only one or two arms attached to
• Shorter in length the cell surface
• Different direction of force • Longer
flagella
cilia

8. The rigid outer layer found in plants and certain
algae, bacteria, and fungi but characteristically
absent from animal cells. It maintains the shape
of the cell and serves as a protective barrier.
The cell wall is made out of a specialized sugar
called cellulose which provides framework for
the cell to survive.

9. The cyt oplasm is t he J elly-like mat er ial
inside t he cell membr ane t hat or ganelles
such as mit ochondr ia and t he endoplasmic
r et iculum ar e cont ained in. Cyt oplasm is
f ound in all cells and is also used f or
st or age.

10. Microtubules Microfilaments
Definition-tube shaped protein structures
that are distributed throughout the Definition-minute fibers located throughout
cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, the cytoplasm of cells, functioning
providing structural support and primarily in maintaining the structural
assisting in cellular locomotion and integrity of a cell.
transport.
• Thick, strong spirals of thousands of • Long, thin, stringy proteins
subunits • Work with microtubules to form the
• Rounder, tube shaped structure that allows a cell to hold its
shape
microfilaments

11. •Exist only in plant cells
•Found in the cytoplasm
•Have a double
membrane surrounding
them
•The primary function of
plastids is to synthesize
and store food
•Generally spherical or
ovular in shape

12. A cavity within the
cytoplasm surrounded
by a single membrane
and containing fluid,
food, or metabolic
waste. In plant cells
there is one very large
vacuole, in animal
cells there are small,
specialized vacuoles.
The vacuole holds on
to anything the cell
might need like more
food or water and the
waste is broken down
and eventually sent
out of the cell.

13. The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle
consisting of a network of membranes within the
cytoplasm involved in protein synthesis and
transport in cellular materials. The rough
endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached
to the outside. The smooth endoplasmic
reticulum has none. It works as a packaging
system with the Golgi apparatus ribosomes.

14. Chloroplasts are plastids in the
cells of green plants that contain
chlorophyll and creates glucose
through photosynthesis. When
energy from the sun hits a
chloroplast, the chlorophyll uses
that energy to combine CO2 and
water to make sugar for the cell.
Chloroplasts are usually disk
shaped and can orient
themselves in the cell to vary
their exposure to sunlight.

15. The Golgi Apparatus is a
packing organelle similar
to the endoplasmic
reticulum. It has one
membrane and processes
macromolecules for
transportation elsewhere
in the cell.

16. The nucleolus is located inside the nucleus
as a sub organelle. The nucleolus is a
spherical ball of protein that’s main job is
the production and assembly of ribosomes.

17. Cytoskeleton
Centriole The internal framework of a cell,
A cell near the nucleus in the cytoplasm composed of a network of filaments
extending through the cytoplasm. It
that aids in cell division. There’s two in
provides structural support and
every animal cell. Cetrioles are made of
transportation for the cell.
microtubules arranged in a specific
way.
centriole Sources: Dictionary.com
Biology4kids.com
http://sun.menloschool.org/~cweaver/cells/c/plastids/
http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/golgi.htm
All visited 10/14/07