Physiology presentation cell nucleus
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A short ppt presentation about the cell Nucleus.Made from Powerpoint 10 PS:(I've edited my name out of the slide)
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Nucleus
Presentation include Nucleus and its components like nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin fibers, ultra structure of nucleus and its general functions.
Nucleus
The nucleus is the control center of the cell that contains DNA and controls its metabolic and hereditary activities. It is enclosed by a double nuclear membrane with nuclear pores that regulate transport. Inside the nucleus is nucleoplasm containing chromatin fibers that coil to form chromosomes during cell division. The nucleolus forms within the nucleus and is responsible for synthesizing ribosomes. The nucleus varies in shape, size, and number depending on the cell but is typically a single, spherical organelle located in the cell's center.
Nucleus
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that houses the genetic material in eukaryotic cells. It was discovered in 1831 and named by Robert Brown. The nucleus stores DNA and RNA, enables protein synthesis, and houses the nucleolus where ribosomes are produced. It occupies about 10% of the cell volume and is surrounded by a double membrane with nuclear pores that regulate transport. The nuclear lamina provides structure and chromatin contains the genome. Within the nucleus, the nucleolus is the site of ribosome biogenesis through rRNA transcription and processing.
The cell nucleus
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that controls all cell activity. It contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA and is the site of DNA replication and transcription. The nucleus is enclosed by a nuclear envelope containing nuclear pores that regulate movement of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Chromatin in the nucleus packages DNA and participates in gene expression. The nucleolus forms within the nucleus and produces ribosomes.
Nucleus
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells that was discovered in 1831. It contains the cell's genetic material and plays a key role in functions like DNA replication and protein synthesis. The nucleus has a double membrane structure and contains chromatin with DNA and histone proteins, as well as the nucleolus where ribosome biogenesis occurs. Transport of molecules into and out of the nucleus occurs through nuclear pore complexes in the membrane.
Nucleus sivaraj
The document provides information about the nucleus and its components. It discusses that the nucleus is a prominent organelle found in eukaryotic cells that controls cellular activity. It describes the various structures of the nucleus including the nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin, and nuclear pores. The nuclear envelope forms the boundary of the nucleus and contains nuclear pores that regulate transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Chromatin and the nucleolus are also described along with their roles in packaging DNA and synthesizing RNA, respectively.
Nuclear envelope
The nuclear envelope consists of two nuclear membranes, the nuclear lamina, and nuclear pore complexes. It separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm and provides structure to the nucleus. The nuclear lamina lies between the inner and outer nuclear membranes and is composed of intermediate filaments and associated proteins. Nuclear pore complexes are large protein structures that allow transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
Nucleus structure and function
Nucleus: Structure and function
nuclear membrane
nuclear lamins
Nuclear pore complexe
nuclear matrix, composition and its role
cajal bodies
SFCs
nuclear speckles
PML bodies
Nucleolus
Recommended
Nucleus
Presentation include Nucleus and its components like nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin fibers, ultra structure of nucleus and its general functions.
Nucleus
The nucleus is the control center of the cell that contains DNA and controls its metabolic and hereditary activities. It is enclosed by a double nuclear membrane with nuclear pores that regulate transport. Inside the nucleus is nucleoplasm containing chromatin fibers that coil to form chromosomes during cell division. The nucleolus forms within the nucleus and is responsible for synthesizing ribosomes. The nucleus varies in shape, size, and number depending on the cell but is typically a single, spherical organelle located in the cell's center.
Nucleus
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that houses the genetic material in eukaryotic cells. It was discovered in 1831 and named by Robert Brown. The nucleus stores DNA and RNA, enables protein synthesis, and houses the nucleolus where ribosomes are produced. It occupies about 10% of the cell volume and is surrounded by a double membrane with nuclear pores that regulate transport. The nuclear lamina provides structure and chromatin contains the genome. Within the nucleus, the nucleolus is the site of ribosome biogenesis through rRNA transcription and processing.
The cell nucleus
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that controls all cell activity. It contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA and is the site of DNA replication and transcription. The nucleus is enclosed by a nuclear envelope containing nuclear pores that regulate movement of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Chromatin in the nucleus packages DNA and participates in gene expression. The nucleolus forms within the nucleus and produces ribosomes.
Nucleus
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells that was discovered in 1831. It contains the cell's genetic material and plays a key role in functions like DNA replication and protein synthesis. The nucleus has a double membrane structure and contains chromatin with DNA and histone proteins, as well as the nucleolus where ribosome biogenesis occurs. Transport of molecules into and out of the nucleus occurs through nuclear pore complexes in the membrane.
Nucleus sivaraj
The document provides information about the nucleus and its components. It discusses that the nucleus is a prominent organelle found in eukaryotic cells that controls cellular activity. It describes the various structures of the nucleus including the nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin, and nuclear pores. The nuclear envelope forms the boundary of the nucleus and contains nuclear pores that regulate transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Chromatin and the nucleolus are also described along with their roles in packaging DNA and synthesizing RNA, respectively.
Nuclear envelope
The nuclear envelope consists of two nuclear membranes, the nuclear lamina, and nuclear pore complexes. It separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm and provides structure to the nucleus. The nuclear lamina lies between the inner and outer nuclear membranes and is composed of intermediate filaments and associated proteins. Nuclear pore complexes are large protein structures that allow transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
Nucleus structure and function
Nucleus: Structure and function
nuclear membrane
nuclear lamins
Nuclear pore complexe
nuclear matrix, composition and its role
cajal bodies
SFCs
nuclear speckles
PML bodies
Nucleolus
Nucleus
The nucleus is a large membrane-bound organelle found at the center of eukaryotic cells that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It directs the cell's activities and is involved in cellular reproduction. Key features include being visible under a light microscope due to its acidic nature, containing DNA, RNA, and the nucleolus which produces ribosomes. The nuclear envelope encloses the nucleus and contains pores that regulate material passing in and out.
Mitochondria
Mitochondria are organelles found in eukaryotic cells that are essential for aerobic respiration. They have two membranes that create three distinct compartments - the outer membrane, inner membrane, and matrix. The inner membrane folds inward creating cristae where the electron transport chain is located. Mitochondria contain their own circular DNA and 37 genes. Their primary function is to produce energy through oxidative phosphorylation where nutrients are broken down and ATP is generated to power the cell.
Nucleus structure and nuclear pore complex
The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope. Underlying the inner nuclear membrane is the nuclear lamina, a fibrous network composed of lamin proteins that provides structural support. Nuclear pores embedded in the nuclear envelope selectively regulate the transport of molecules in and out of the nucleus. The nucleolus within the nucleus is the site of ribosome biogenesis and contains genes for ribosomal RNA. Mutations in lamin genes can cause premature aging diseases like Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome.
Exploring the nucleus
Let's explore the nucleus, starting from the nuclear envelope to the molecular organization of chromatin. The presentation is suitable for undergraduate students and has been started from the basics to enable easy understanding. It covers details of nuclear envelope, nuclear pore complex, nucleolus as well as DNA packaging.
Nucleus1
The nucleus is the control center of the cell that contains DNA and controls metabolic and genetic activities. It is enclosed by a double nuclear membrane with nuclear pores that allow transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nucleus contains DNA, RNA, proteins, and enzymes. It varies in shape and size depending on the cell but is usually located in the center. The nucleus has an outer and inner membrane, nuclear lamina, nucleoplasm, chromatin fibers, and one or more nucleoli. The nucleolus synthesizes ribosomes. The nuclear envelope separates the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm and regulates transport through nuclear pores.
Mitochondria structure and function
Mitochondria are filamentous or granular organelles found in aerobic cells of animals, plants, algae, protozoa, and fungi. They were first discovered in 1880. Mitochondria are bounded by an outer and inner membrane, with an intermembrane space between them. The inner membrane forms folds called cristae that increase surface area. Mitochondria contain DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes involved in oxidation and phosphorylation. Their main functions are to synthesize ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, providing energy to drive cellular processes.
mitochondria ..........
Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells that generate most of a cell's supply of ATP, which is used as a source of chemical energy. They have two membranes and a matrix inside. Mitochondria were first observed in the 1840s and named in 1898. They range in size from 0.5 to 1.0 micrometers and can vary widely in number per cell. Mitochondria contain enzymes that combine food molecules with oxygen to digest the materials and produce energy for the cell. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to several human diseases.
cytosceleton
The document discusses the key components of the cytoskeleton - microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments - and how they work together to maintain cell shape, allow movement of organelles and vesicles, transport materials within the cell, and enable cell movement through polymerization and interaction with motor proteins like myosin and kinesin. The cytoskeleton is a dynamic network that forms various structures through accessory proteins and allows rapid changes in cell morphology.
The nucleus by ayaz rangrez
The nucleus is the control center of the cell that contains DNA. It maintains the integrity of genes and controls cell activities through regulating gene expression. The nucleus is enclosed by a nuclear envelope with nuclear pores that regulate molecular trafficking. Within the nucleus are chromatin, nucleolus, and nucleoplasm. The nucleolus forms ribosomes, chromatin contains DNA and proteins, and nucleoplasm scaffolds nuclear components. The nucleus ensures DNA replication, transcription, and transmission to new cells through the cell cycle and mitosis/meiosis.
Nucleus
The document provides details about the structure and functions of the nucleus. It notes that the nucleus was discovered by Robert Brown in 1831 and is considered the control center of the cell. It contains nuclear membranes, nucleoplasm, chromatin reticulum, and nucleolus. The nuclear membrane contains pores that allow transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nucleolus forms in the nucleolar organizer region and is involved in ribosome biogenesis. The main functions of the nucleus include controlling metabolism, synthesizing and processing RNA, and storing and assembling ribosomes.
Nucleus
The nucleus is a spherical organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is surrounded by a double membrane nuclear envelope. It contains the cell's genetic material and coordinates various cellular activities such as protein synthesis, cell growth, and DNA replication and transcription. The nucleus contains chromatin, which packages the DNA, as well as nucleoli that produce ribosomes for protein synthesis.
Nuclear envelope and nuclear lamina
The nuclear envelope consists of two parallel membranes separated by 10-50 nm. It serves as a barrier between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Nuclear pores are circular complexes of proteins that form openings in the nuclear envelope, allowing transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nuclear envelope forms through the recruitment of membrane vesicles to chromatin, fusion of these vesicles, and assembly of nuclear pore complexes. Key proteins like POM121 and NDC1 are essential for nuclear pore complex assembly after the formation of the double nuclear membrane.
Cell and cell organelles by Dr.Tehmas
My first lecture about Cell and Cell organelles. Delivered to students of Bannu Medical College on 12-Jan-2018.
Nucleus
The nucleus is a double-membrane organelle found in eukaryotic cells that contains most of the cell's genetic material. It has a spherical shape but can be other shapes depending on the cell. The nucleus contains chromatin with DNA, nucleolus, and is surrounded by a nuclear envelope. It acts as the control center of the cell by transmitting genetic information for protein synthesis, cell division, growth and differentiation.
Cytoskeleton - microtubules ,microfilaments and intermediate filaments
The cytoskeleton is made up of three main filament systems - microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. Microtubules are the thickest and made of tubulin, forming hollow tubes that help transport cellular cargo and separate chromosomes during cell division. Microfilaments are the thinnest and made of actin, enabling cell movement and shape changes. Intermediate filaments are in between the other two in diameter and made of various proteins, maintaining cell shape. Collectively, the cytoskeleton gives cells their structure, allows movement, and aids transport within cells.
Structure and function of the ribosome
This document provides scientific background on the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, which was awarded for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome. It summarizes the key contributions of Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas Steitz, and Ada Yonath, including obtaining the first high resolution crystal structures of the ribosomal subunits, solving the long-standing mysteries of the ribosome's catalytic mechanisms and role in protein synthesis, and advancing understanding of its accuracy and interactions with antibiotic drugs. Their work over decades was instrumental in revealing the ribosome's structure and function at the atomic level.
Ribosome
1. Ribosomes are tiny granular structures found in cells that serve as sites for protein synthesis.
2. They are composed of RNA and proteins and exist in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
3. Ribosomes read mRNA to assemble amino acids into proteins through a process of initiation, elongation, and termination.
chloroplast
Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that perform photosynthesis. They contain a double membrane and internal membrane structures called thylakoids that harbor the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. The thylakoid membrane forms stacks of discs that contain the photosynthetic electron transport chain and ATP synthase. Within the chloroplast is the stroma, which contains enzymes for carbon fixation and metabolite production. Photosynthesis uses light energy captured by chloroplasts to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich sugars to fuel plant growth.
Nuclear pores
The nuclear pore complex regulates the passage of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm. It is comprised of several subunits that form a channel with a central pore. Surrounding the pore is a nonmembranous annulus with spoke-like structures. The pore wall contains columnar and lumenal subunits anchored by transmembrane proteins. Tiny fibrils extend from both sides in basket-like configurations, with different protein compositions on each side. Nuclear pores allow entry and exit of proteins and molecules to perform functions inside and outside the nucleus.
Presentation on Nucleus
The document summarizes key parts and functions of the nucleus. The nucleus contains nuclear membrane, nucleoplasm, chromatin, and nucleolus. It is surrounded by a double membrane nuclear envelope that contains pores allowing transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nucleus controls all cell functions and carries hereditary material. It was discovered in 1831 and is present in all eukaryotic cells except mature red blood cells and phloem cells.
Nucleus of a cell
The document discusses the key parts of a cell's nucleus. It describes the nucleus as the cell's "CPU" that stores DNA and coordinates the cell's activities. The nucleus contains chromosomes that hold the cell's genetic information. Within the nucleus are the nucleolus, which manufactures ribosomes, and the nuclear envelope and pores, which regulate passage between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nucleus controls critical cell functions like growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
nucleus of cell.
The nucleus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells that contains the cell's genetic material. It is enclosed by a double membrane and contains chromosomes, chromatin, and the nucleolus. The nuclear membrane acts as a barrier between the cell's cytoplasm and the materials inside the nucleus. Nuclear pores allow selective transport of molecules through the nuclear membrane. The nucleolus produces ribosomal RNA and is involved in protein synthesis. Chromatin contains DNA and proteins that condense to form chromosomes during cell division. The document provides details on the structure and functions of the nucleus and its components.
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Nucleus
The nucleus is a large membrane-bound organelle found at the center of eukaryotic cells that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It directs the cell's activities and is involved in cellular reproduction. Key features include being visible under a light microscope due to its acidic nature, containing DNA, RNA, and the nucleolus which produces ribosomes. The nuclear envelope encloses the nucleus and contains pores that regulate material passing in and out.
Mitochondria
Mitochondria are organelles found in eukaryotic cells that are essential for aerobic respiration. They have two membranes that create three distinct compartments - the outer membrane, inner membrane, and matrix. The inner membrane folds inward creating cristae where the electron transport chain is located. Mitochondria contain their own circular DNA and 37 genes. Their primary function is to produce energy through oxidative phosphorylation where nutrients are broken down and ATP is generated to power the cell.
Nucleus structure and nuclear pore complex
The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope. Underlying the inner nuclear membrane is the nuclear lamina, a fibrous network composed of lamin proteins that provides structural support. Nuclear pores embedded in the nuclear envelope selectively regulate the transport of molecules in and out of the nucleus. The nucleolus within the nucleus is the site of ribosome biogenesis and contains genes for ribosomal RNA. Mutations in lamin genes can cause premature aging diseases like Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome.
Exploring the nucleus
Let's explore the nucleus, starting from the nuclear envelope to the molecular organization of chromatin. The presentation is suitable for undergraduate students and has been started from the basics to enable easy understanding. It covers details of nuclear envelope, nuclear pore complex, nucleolus as well as DNA packaging.
Nucleus1
The nucleus is the control center of the cell that contains DNA and controls metabolic and genetic activities. It is enclosed by a double nuclear membrane with nuclear pores that allow transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nucleus contains DNA, RNA, proteins, and enzymes. It varies in shape and size depending on the cell but is usually located in the center. The nucleus has an outer and inner membrane, nuclear lamina, nucleoplasm, chromatin fibers, and one or more nucleoli. The nucleolus synthesizes ribosomes. The nuclear envelope separates the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm and regulates transport through nuclear pores.
Mitochondria structure and function
Mitochondria are filamentous or granular organelles found in aerobic cells of animals, plants, algae, protozoa, and fungi. They were first discovered in 1880. Mitochondria are bounded by an outer and inner membrane, with an intermembrane space between them. The inner membrane forms folds called cristae that increase surface area. Mitochondria contain DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes involved in oxidation and phosphorylation. Their main functions are to synthesize ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, providing energy to drive cellular processes.
mitochondria ..........
Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells that generate most of a cell's supply of ATP, which is used as a source of chemical energy. They have two membranes and a matrix inside. Mitochondria were first observed in the 1840s and named in 1898. They range in size from 0.5 to 1.0 micrometers and can vary widely in number per cell. Mitochondria contain enzymes that combine food molecules with oxygen to digest the materials and produce energy for the cell. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to several human diseases.
cytosceleton
The document discusses the key components of the cytoskeleton - microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments - and how they work together to maintain cell shape, allow movement of organelles and vesicles, transport materials within the cell, and enable cell movement through polymerization and interaction with motor proteins like myosin and kinesin. The cytoskeleton is a dynamic network that forms various structures through accessory proteins and allows rapid changes in cell morphology.
The nucleus by ayaz rangrez
The nucleus is the control center of the cell that contains DNA. It maintains the integrity of genes and controls cell activities through regulating gene expression. The nucleus is enclosed by a nuclear envelope with nuclear pores that regulate molecular trafficking. Within the nucleus are chromatin, nucleolus, and nucleoplasm. The nucleolus forms ribosomes, chromatin contains DNA and proteins, and nucleoplasm scaffolds nuclear components. The nucleus ensures DNA replication, transcription, and transmission to new cells through the cell cycle and mitosis/meiosis.
Nucleus
The document provides details about the structure and functions of the nucleus. It notes that the nucleus was discovered by Robert Brown in 1831 and is considered the control center of the cell. It contains nuclear membranes, nucleoplasm, chromatin reticulum, and nucleolus. The nuclear membrane contains pores that allow transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nucleolus forms in the nucleolar organizer region and is involved in ribosome biogenesis. The main functions of the nucleus include controlling metabolism, synthesizing and processing RNA, and storing and assembling ribosomes.
Nucleus
The nucleus is a spherical organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is surrounded by a double membrane nuclear envelope. It contains the cell's genetic material and coordinates various cellular activities such as protein synthesis, cell growth, and DNA replication and transcription. The nucleus contains chromatin, which packages the DNA, as well as nucleoli that produce ribosomes for protein synthesis.
Nuclear envelope and nuclear lamina
The nuclear envelope consists of two parallel membranes separated by 10-50 nm. It serves as a barrier between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Nuclear pores are circular complexes of proteins that form openings in the nuclear envelope, allowing transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nuclear envelope forms through the recruitment of membrane vesicles to chromatin, fusion of these vesicles, and assembly of nuclear pore complexes. Key proteins like POM121 and NDC1 are essential for nuclear pore complex assembly after the formation of the double nuclear membrane.
Cell and cell organelles by Dr.Tehmas
My first lecture about Cell and Cell organelles. Delivered to students of Bannu Medical College on 12-Jan-2018.
Nucleus
The nucleus is a double-membrane organelle found in eukaryotic cells that contains most of the cell's genetic material. It has a spherical shape but can be other shapes depending on the cell. The nucleus contains chromatin with DNA, nucleolus, and is surrounded by a nuclear envelope. It acts as the control center of the cell by transmitting genetic information for protein synthesis, cell division, growth and differentiation.
Cytoskeleton - microtubules ,microfilaments and intermediate filaments
The cytoskeleton is made up of three main filament systems - microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. Microtubules are the thickest and made of tubulin, forming hollow tubes that help transport cellular cargo and separate chromosomes during cell division. Microfilaments are the thinnest and made of actin, enabling cell movement and shape changes. Intermediate filaments are in between the other two in diameter and made of various proteins, maintaining cell shape. Collectively, the cytoskeleton gives cells their structure, allows movement, and aids transport within cells.
Structure and function of the ribosome
This document provides scientific background on the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, which was awarded for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome. It summarizes the key contributions of Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas Steitz, and Ada Yonath, including obtaining the first high resolution crystal structures of the ribosomal subunits, solving the long-standing mysteries of the ribosome's catalytic mechanisms and role in protein synthesis, and advancing understanding of its accuracy and interactions with antibiotic drugs. Their work over decades was instrumental in revealing the ribosome's structure and function at the atomic level.
Ribosome
1. Ribosomes are tiny granular structures found in cells that serve as sites for protein synthesis.
2. They are composed of RNA and proteins and exist in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
3. Ribosomes read mRNA to assemble amino acids into proteins through a process of initiation, elongation, and termination.
chloroplast
Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that perform photosynthesis. They contain a double membrane and internal membrane structures called thylakoids that harbor the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. The thylakoid membrane forms stacks of discs that contain the photosynthetic electron transport chain and ATP synthase. Within the chloroplast is the stroma, which contains enzymes for carbon fixation and metabolite production. Photosynthesis uses light energy captured by chloroplasts to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich sugars to fuel plant growth.
Nuclear pores
The nuclear pore complex regulates the passage of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm. It is comprised of several subunits that form a channel with a central pore. Surrounding the pore is a nonmembranous annulus with spoke-like structures. The pore wall contains columnar and lumenal subunits anchored by transmembrane proteins. Tiny fibrils extend from both sides in basket-like configurations, with different protein compositions on each side. Nuclear pores allow entry and exit of proteins and molecules to perform functions inside and outside the nucleus.
Presentation on Nucleus
The document summarizes key parts and functions of the nucleus. The nucleus contains nuclear membrane, nucleoplasm, chromatin, and nucleolus. It is surrounded by a double membrane nuclear envelope that contains pores allowing transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nucleus controls all cell functions and carries hereditary material. It was discovered in 1831 and is present in all eukaryotic cells except mature red blood cells and phloem cells.
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Cytoskeleton - microtubules ,microfilaments and intermediate filaments
Cytoskeleton - microtubules ,microfilaments and intermediate filaments
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Nucleus of a cell
The document discusses the key parts of a cell's nucleus. It describes the nucleus as the cell's "CPU" that stores DNA and coordinates the cell's activities. The nucleus contains chromosomes that hold the cell's genetic information. Within the nucleus are the nucleolus, which manufactures ribosomes, and the nuclear envelope and pores, which regulate passage between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nucleus controls critical cell functions like growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
nucleus of cell.
The nucleus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells that contains the cell's genetic material. It is enclosed by a double membrane and contains chromosomes, chromatin, and the nucleolus. The nuclear membrane acts as a barrier between the cell's cytoplasm and the materials inside the nucleus. Nuclear pores allow selective transport of molecules through the nuclear membrane. The nucleolus produces ribosomal RNA and is involved in protein synthesis. Chromatin contains DNA and proteins that condense to form chromosomes during cell division. The document provides details on the structure and functions of the nucleus and its components.
CELL NUCLEUS
1) The document discusses the discovery of the cell nucleus, beginning with van Leeuwenhoek's 1719 depiction of cells and nuclei. Robert Brown introduced the terms "areola" and "nucleus" for structures in plant cells.
2) The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing most of its genetic material. Its primary functions are storing genetic information, protein synthesis, housing the nucleolus for ribosome production, and transporting regulatory factors and energy.
3) The nucleus is composed of a nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, nuclear pores, nuclear lamina, chromosomes, and nucleolus. The nucleolus synthesizes rRNA and assembles ribosomes.
The cell nucleus
The nucleus is a spherical organelle found in eukaryotic cells that was first discovered by Leeuwenhoek and described in more detail by Robert Brown. It accounts for about 10% of the cell's volume and ranges from 2-5 micrometers in diameter. The nucleus contains genetic material, is surrounded by a double membrane with nuclear pores, and acts as the control center of the cell by storing hereditary material and producing ribosomes and RNA.
Nucleus Ppt
The document discusses the cell nucleus. It defines the nucleus as a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells that controls the cell. The nucleus contains most of the cell's DNA and genetic material. The document describes the structure of the nucleus, including its outer and inner membranes, nucleoplasm, nucleolus, chromatin, and nuclear pores. It provides sources for further information on each part of the nucleus.
Cell neucles
The nucleus is the control center of the cell that contains the cell's genetic material. It is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope that separates the genetic material from the cytoplasm. The nucleus maintains the integrity of genes and controls cell activities through regulating gene expression. It also contains the nucleolus, which is not surrounded by a membrane and is the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly.
The nucleus
This document discusses gene therapy and viral infection. It explains that gene therapy aims to treat genetic diseases by inserting functional genes into a patient's cells. Viruses are often used as vectors to deliver these genes. The document also describes a study that used NMR imaging to visualize a herpes viral protein interacting with a mouse cellular protein, revealing how the virus hijacks the cell's machinery to replicate and spread infection. Continued research on gene therapy and viral infection mechanisms could help develop new treatments for genetic diseases and viral illnesses.
Cell nucleus
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells that contains most of the cell's genetic material. It is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope, which contains nuclear pores that regulate the transport of molecules into and out of the nucleus. The nucleus contains DNA organized into chromosomes, and functions to control gene expression and maintain the integrity of genetic material. Other structures in the nucleus include the nucleolus, which is involved in ribosome assembly, and various subnuclear bodies that perform different functions.
Cells Powerpoint Presentation
The document provides an overview of cells, including their history, structures, and differences between plant and animal cells. It explains that cells are the basic unit of life, first observed by Robert Hooke in 1660 when he looked at bark through a microscope and saw small compartments that he named "cells." The presentation then details the structures found in typical animal cells like the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, and Golgi bodies. It concludes by noting additional structures like the cell wall, chloroplasts, and chlorophyll that are present in plant cells but not animal cells.
L04 nucleus
The document summarizes the structure and function of the cell nucleus. It discusses the following key points:
1) The nucleus contains DNA packaged into chromosomes, which are further packaged into nucleosomes and condensed at different levels.
2) Nuclear DNA is replicated and transcribed within the nucleus. Nuclear pores regulate movement of molecules in and out of the nucleus.
3) Nuclear receptors are proteins that act as transcription factors after binding hormone ligands, regulating gene expression.
Nucleus
The nucleus is the largest organelle in eukaryotic cells, containing genetic material in the form of DNA wrapped around histone proteins to form chromatin. It is surrounded by a double membrane with nuclear pores that regulate transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nucleus contains DNA, where genes are expressed and RNA is synthesized, as well as proteins involved in DNA replication, transcription, and RNA processing and export. It plays a key role in controlling the cell's genetic activities.
The Cell Biology (Ajò & Ruiz)
This document provides an overview of cell biology, including the basic components and structures of animal and plant cells. It discusses the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, chloroplasts, vacuoles, and cell walls. It also describes unicellular and multicellular organisms, and some types of specialized cells like nerve, muscle, and red blood cells. Finally, it lists several body systems, including the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, nervous, and reproductive systems.
The nucleus
The nucleus is the control center of the cell that contains most of the cell's DNA. It directs all activities inside the cell like growth, metabolism, and cell division. The nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane nuclear envelope that contains nuclear pores to regulate what enters and exits. Inside the nucleus is chromatin containing DNA, as well as the nucleolus for producing ribosomes. The nuclear lamina lies beneath the inner nuclear membrane and provides structure.
Golgi apparatus1
The Golgi apparatus is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells composed of membrane-bound sacs called cisternae. It modifies proteins and lipids received from the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them for use within the cell or for secretion. The Golgi apparatus sorts macromolecules and transports them to their destinations through vesicles, acting like a post office. It plays an important role in the synthesis of cell wall components in plants by modifying and transporting non-cellulose polysaccharides to the plasma membrane for assembly on the exterior of the cell wall.
Nucleus of eukaryote
The document discusses the discovery and components of the cell nucleus. It describes how Robert Brown first observed nuclei in plant cells and how others later established that cells only come from pre-existing cells. The main components of the nucleus are then outlined, including the nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, nuclear pores, nuclear lamina, chromosomes, and nucleolus. The nuclear envelope forms a double membrane barrier with nuclear pores that regulate transport. The nuclear lamina provides structural support and anchors other structures. The nucleolus is responsible for producing ribosomes.
Nucleus
The nucleus is the control center of the cell, bounded by a double nuclear membrane. It contains DNA in the form of chromatin or condensed chromosomes, as well as the nucleolus where ribosomal RNA is produced. The nucleolus builds ribosomal subunits which exit through nuclear pores into the cytoplasm to form functional ribosomes for protein production. Ribosomes are structures composed of rRNA and proteins that exist freely in the cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum, where they synthesize proteins. The endoplasmic reticulum processes proteins and manufactures membranes throughout the cell. It includes rough ER where bound ribosomes synthesize proteins for export, and smooth ER which performs metabolic functions and membrane production. The Golgi apparatus finishes
Sps.final
This document discusses lysosomes, which are spherical organelles found in animal cells that contain digestive enzymes. Lysosomes break down food particles, bacteria, and worn out organelles. They were discovered in 1960 and maintain an acidic pH of 4.5-5.0. Lysosomes contain around 40 types of hydrolytic enzymes and vary in size from 0.2-0.8 nm. Their membrane allows enzymes to be released into vacuoles to digest their contents. Plant and fungal vacuoles are similar to lysosomes. Lysosomes function to digest materials through membrane fusion and release of enzymes, acting as the cell's waste disposal and recycling system.
Functions of cell organelles
The document describes the organization of cells and various cellular organelles. It discusses the structure and functions of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and nucleus. Mitochondria generate energy through oxidative phosphorylation. The endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are involved in protein modification and transport. Lysosomes contain enzymes for intracellular digestion. Peroxisomes contain enzymes for lipid metabolism. The nucleus contains DNA and directs gene expression and protein synthesis.
Nucleus Ppt
The nucleus was discovered in 1831 and is the controlling center of the cell. It usually located in the center and contains the nucleolus, nucleoplasm, and chromatin material. The nuclear membrane separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm. The nucleolus is rich in protein and RNA, and chromatin contains DNA which carries genetic information. The nucleus controls cell activities and metabolism by regulating enzyme synthesis.
Vacuole
Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles present in plant, fungal, and some protist and animal cells. There are three main types of vacuoles: storage vacuoles, contractile vacuoles involved in osmoregulation, and vacuoles involved in autophagy. Plant cell vacuoles occupy most of the cell volume and provide structural support and storage. Fungal vacuoles maintain a low pH through V-type ATPase pumps. During cell division, vacuoles are segregated into daughter cells through actin filament transport mediated by myosin motor proteins.
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Similar to Physiology presentation cell nucleus
Nucleus
Discovery of nucleus
Evolution of nucleus
Structure of nucleus
Function of nucleus
Diseases related with nucleus
The nucleus was the first organelle to be discovered.
The probably oldest preserved drawing dates back to the early microscopist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632 – 1723). He observed a "Lumen", the nucleus, in the red blood cells of salmon.
The nucleus was also described in 1831 by Scottish botanist Robert Brown.
Brown was studying orchids under microscope when he observed an opaque area, which he called the areola or nucleus, in the cells of the flower's outer layer. He did not suggest a potential function.
The cell nucleus is a membrane bound structure that:-
Contains the cell's hereditary information
Controls the cell's growth and reproduction
Direct the other components of cell through protein regulation
Make Proteins through central dogma of cell
DNA mRNA Protein
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
Mutations in nuclear lamins associated with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy.
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is a neuromuscular degenerative condition with an associated dilated cardiomyopathy and cardiac conduction defect.
It can be inherited in either an X-linked or autosomal manner by mutations in the nuclear proteins emerin and lamin A/C, respectively.
Traditionally muscular dystrophies were associated with defects in sarcolemma-associated proteins and, therefore, a nuclear connection suggested the existence of novel signalling pathways associated with this group of diseases.
Subsequently, other mutations in the lamin A/C gene were attributed to a range of tissue-specific degenerative conditions, collectively known as the 'laminopathies’.
easylearningwithned.blogspot.com-What is Nucleus Explained its structure and...
The nucleus is the largest organelle in eukaryotic cells and controls cell activity. It is surrounded by a double membrane and contains genetic material in the form of DNA. The nucleus has several structures including the nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin, and chromosomes which contain the genes. It performs essential functions like DNA synthesis and repair, gene regulation, and cell division.
Structure of Nucleus 1.pptx
The document summarizes key components and structures of the cell nucleus. It describes the nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, nucleolus, chromatin, and nuclear matrix. The nuclear envelope is a double membrane with nuclear pores that regulate transport. Underlying the inner nuclear membrane is the nuclear lamina providing structural support. The nucleolus is the site of ribosome biogenesis where rRNA is transcribed and assembled into ribosomal subunits. Chromatin and the nuclear matrix provide organization to the genetic material within the nucleoplasm.
ultra structure of nucleus
Nucleus” is a Latin word meaning Kernel
It is the “CONTROL CENTER” of the cell
Average diameter of nucleus is 6um, which occupies around 10% of cell volume
Nuclear Envelope
Nuclear Pores and complex
Nuclear lamina
Chromosomes & Chromatin
Nucleolus
Nucleoplasm
Nucleus-the heart of the cell-cellular organelles
In cell biology, the nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
The nucleus is found in all the eukaryotic cells of the plants and animals.
here u will find every detail of nucleus.
for more details ,visit @biOlOgy BINGE-insight learning (youtube channel)
Nucleus.doc
The nucleus is a spherical organelle found in eukaryotic cells that controls cell functions and contains DNA. It is surrounded by a double membrane and contains chromatin, nucleoplasm, and one or more nucleoli. The nucleus controls gene expression and protein synthesis, regulates cell growth and division, and maintains hereditary material. It allows for the exchange of molecules with the cytoplasm through nuclear pores in its membrane. The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material and plays a key role in controlling cell activities and functions.
Nucleus.pptx
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells that contains the cell's genetic material. It maintains the integrity of genes and controls cell activities through regulating gene expression. The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane with nuclear pores that allow transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Chromatin fibers containing DNA and histones are organized into chromosomes inside the nucleus. The nucleolus is a dense structure where ribosomal RNA is synthesized.
NUCLEUS.ppt
The nucleus is a spherical organelle found in eukaryotic cells that was first discovered by Leeuwenhoek in the 17th century. It ranges from 2-5 micrometers in diameter and accounts for about 10% of the cell's volume. The nucleus contains genetic material in the form of chromosomes and is surrounded by a double membrane with nuclear pores that allow transport into and out of the nucleus. It serves as the control center of the cell by storing hereditary material and producing ribosomes and RNA.
Cellular organelles nucleus, mitochondria & plastids
The document discusses cellular organelles, focusing on the nucleus and mitochondria. It provides detailed information on the structure and functions of the nucleus, including that it is bounded by a double membrane and contains genetic material. It also describes the inner structures of the nucleus like the nucleolus and nuclear pores. Additionally, it discusses how the nucleus changes during cell division. For mitochondria, it notes that they are the powerhouses of the cell, generating energy through cellular respiration and having an inner membrane with folds called cristae to enhance this process.
Nucleus
The document discusses the cell nucleus and its components. Key points include:
- The nucleus contains DNA and directs cell functions and protein production through transcription and RNA processing.
- It is surrounded by a double membrane with nuclear pores that regulate transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
- The nucleus contains chromatin (DNA and proteins) and the nucleolus, which is the site of ribosomal RNA transcription and ribosome assembly.
- DNA replication and cell division are regulated by the nucleus.
DNA and its DISCOVERY.pdf
DNA
its Discovery
Who Discovered DNA?
Credit for who first identified DNA is often mistakenly given to James Watson and Francis Crick, who just furthered Miescher’s discovery with their own groundbreaking research nearly 100 years later. Watson and Crick contributed largely to our understanding of DNA in terms of genetic inheritance, but much like Miescher, long before their work, others also made great advancements in and contributions to the field.
In 1866, before many significant discoveries and findings, Gregor Mendel was the first to suggest that characteristics are passed down from generation to generation. Mendel coined the terms as recessive and dominant.
In 1869, Friedrich Miescher identified the “nuclein” by isolating a molecule from a cell nucleus that would later become known as DNA.
In 1881, Nobel Prize winner and German biochemist Albrecht Kossel, who is credited with naming DNA, identified nuclein as a nucleic acid. He also isolated those five nitrogen bases that are now considered to be the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T) and uracil (U) in case of RNA).
In 1882, Walther Fleming devoted research and time to cytology, which is the study of chromosomes. He discovered mitosis in 1882 when he was the first biologist to execute a wholly systematic study of the division of chromosomes. His observations that chromosomes double is significant to the later discovered theory of inheritance.
In Early 1900s, Theodor Boveri and Walter Sutton were independently working on what’s now known as the Boveri-Sutton chromosome theory, or the chromosomal theory of inheritance. Their findings are fundamental in our understanding of how chromosomes carry genetic material and pass it down from one generation to the next.
In 1902, Mendel’s theories were finally associated with a human disease by Sir Archibald Edward Garrod, who published the first findings from a study on recessive inheritance in human beings in 1902. Garrod opened the door for our understanding of genetic disorders resulting from errors in chemical pathways in the body.
In 1944, Oswald Avery first outlined DNA as the transforming principle, which essentially means that DNA transform cell properties.
Membrane bounded organelles
The document summarizes key information about the cell nucleus:
1. The nucleus was the first organelle discovered and contains most of the cell's genetic material. It maintains the integrity of genes and controls the cell.
2. The nuclear envelope separates the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm. Nuclear pores allow transport between the two compartments.
3. Chromatin within the nucleus organizes the DNA into chromosomes. The nucleolus synthesizes rRNA to assemble ribosomes.
the_nucleus.pptx
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that houses the cell's DNA. It contains several sub-compartments including the nucleolus, which is the site of ribosome biogenesis. The nuclear envelope, composed of two lipid bilayers separated by perinuclear space, encloses the nucleus and regulates transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm through nuclear pore complexes. Within the nucleus, DNA is organized into either loosely packed euchromatin or tightly packed heterochromatin. The nucleolus forms around clusters of rRNA genes and is the site of rRNA transcription and ribosome subunit assembly.
B.sc. microbiology biotech ii cell biology and genetics unit 1 fundamentals o...
The document discusses the key components and structures of the cell. It begins by defining the cell as the basic unit of life and describes the early cell theory developed in the 1830s-1860s. It then outlines the modern cell theory, which includes four additional statements about DNA, chemical composition, metabolic functions, and organelle activities. The rest of the document provides details on the characteristics, sizes, and types of cells, as well as descriptions of the main organelles and structures found within plant and animal cells, including their functions.
Mol bio script 1 (2) (4).pdf
This document provides information about molecular biology concepts including:
- The structure and function of eukaryotic cells including organelles like the nucleus, nucleolus, and mitochondria.
- The differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
- DNA structure, replication, and the role of DNA and RNA in cells.
- Other genetic elements like viruses, viroids and prions.
Cell nucleus
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells that stores the cell's DNA and coordinates its activities. It contains chromatin, which packages DNA and proteins, the nucleolus for ribosome assembly, and a nuclear envelope consisting of two membranes separated by a perinuclear space. Chromatin exists in two forms - euchromatin which is loosely packed for gene expression, and heterochromatin which is tightly packed. The nucleus controls heredity and protein synthesis.
Nucleus & Endoplasmic reticulum
The document is a presentation on the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum. It begins with background on the discovery of the nucleus by Leeuwenhoek and others. It then defines the nucleus as the control center of the cell that contains most of the cell's genetic material. It describes the main characteristics, size, shape, and ultrastructure of the nucleus, including the nuclear envelope, pores, lamina, chromosomes, nucleolus, and other components. It also summarizes the functions of the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum, who discovered the ER, its definition, structure including cisternae, tubules and vesicles, types (rough and smooth ER), and functions in protein transport and synthesis.
The cell Nucleus
The nucleus contains the DNA blueprint for the cell and machinery to replicate DNA and synthesize RNA. It regulates transport between the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments, and contains heterochromatin and euchromatin. The nuclear envelope is a double membrane with nuclear pores that regulate transport. It surrounds the nucleolus, which synthesizes ribosomal components, and the chromatin, which condenses during cell division.
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF NUCLEUS OF A CELL.pptx
The nucleus is the part of a cell that contains DNA organized into chromosomes and is located in the middle of the cell. It is surrounded by the nuclear envelope, which is a double membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm. The nuclear envelope contains nuclear pores, which are gateways that allow molecules to move into and out of the nucleus.
The Cell: The Histology Guide
Nucleus - The Cell: The Histology Guide - University of Leeds
The nucleus is found in the middle of the cells, and it contains DNA arranged in chromosomes. It is surrounded by the nuclear envelope, a double nuclear membrane (outer and inner), which separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm. The outer membrane is continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
open.baypath.edu
Nucleus – BIO109 Biology I Introduction to Biology
The boundary of the nucleus, called the nuclear envelope, is a double membrane that contains small openings called nuclear pores. These pores are gateways that allow molecules to move into and out of the nucleus, enabling it to communicate with the rest of the cell.
The nucleus has three main parts:
Nuclear membrane: A protective barrier of the nucleus
Nucleoplasm: The cytoplasm of the nucleus, which is a semifluid matrix that contains chromatin, the less condensed form of DNA that organizes into chromosomes during mitosis or cell division
Nucleolus: A spherical structure that produces and assembles the cell's ribosomes
The nucleus controls and regulates the activities of the cell, such as growth and metabolism.
What are the 4 types of nucleus?
What are the 3 parts of a nucleus?
How many nuclei are in a cell?
Ask a follow up
The cell
Cells are the fundamental units of life, and all organisms are made up of one or more cells. The document discusses two important cellular components - the nucleus and ribosomes. The nucleus houses most of the cell's DNA and directs protein synthesis. It is enclosed by a double membrane and contains chromosomes. The ribosomes use information from DNA to synthesize proteins according to instructions provided by messenger RNA. They assemble in the nucleolus and exit into the cytoplasm to perform protein synthesis.
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easylearningwithned.blogspot.com-What is Nucleus Explained its structure and...
easylearningwithned.blogspot.com-What is Nucleus Explained its structure and...
Cellular organelles nucleus, mitochondria & plastids
Cellular organelles nucleus, mitochondria & plastids
B.sc. microbiology biotech ii cell biology and genetics unit 1 fundamentals o...
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Physiology presentation cell nucleus
- 3. The word Nuclei is derived from the latin word nucleus meaning”Kernel” 1:The nucleus was the first organelle to be discovered 2-The oldest preserved drawing dates back to the early microscopist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.He observed a "Lumen", the nucleus, in the red blood cells of salmon. Scottish Botanist Robert brown observed an opaque area, which he called the ‘areola’ or nucleus while studying Orchids under the microscope. Matthias Schleiden a German Botanist proposed that the nucleus plays a role in generating cells, thus he introduced the name "Cytoblast" (cell builder) Discovery Oldest known depiction of cells and their nuclie
- 4. Nucleoproteins Nucleo-protamine Nucleo-histones Acidic proteins. Nucleic acids. Enzymes. Lipids. Nucleus tends to be spherical, but may be fusiform, ellipsoidal, flattened, depending on cell shape Often found at the centre of cytoplasm mass Approximately 6 Micrometres
- 6. 1-Nuclear membrane/envelope consists of two cellular membranes arranged parallel to each other and separated by 10 to 50 nanometres 2-The space between the membranes is called the perinuclear space and is continuous with the RER lumen 3-The outer Nuclear membrane is continuous with the membrane of the RER and similarly has ribosomes attached on its surface 4-Nuclear pores are present on the nuclear membrane.Composed of multiple proteins called nucleoporins,they serve as a channel for diffusion through transport factors called karyopherins(importins and exportins). 1- It completely encloses the nucleus and separates the cell genetic material from the surrounding cytoplasm and acts as a barrier.
- 7. 1:It is a network of intermediate filaments that provide the nucleus with mechanical support 2- Provides structural support for the nuclear envelope and anchoring sites for chromosomes and nuclear pores 3- The nuclear lamina is composed mostly of lamin proteins which are synthesized in the cytoplasm and then incorporated into the nuclear lamina.
- 9. It is the largest sub structure found in the nucleus of the eukaryotic cell It is made up of Ribosomes and proteins.Three major components of the nucleolus are Fibrillar centers contain large amounts of RNA polymerase I,which transcribes rRNA. GC contains RNA bound to ribosomal proteins that are being assembled into immature ribosomes DFC contains newly trancribed rRna bound to ribosomal proteins
- 12. :The material of which the chromosomes of organisms are composed of The structure of Chromatin depends on the Stage of the cell cycle Chromatin is structurally loose to allow access to RNA and DNA polymerases that transcribe and replicate the DNA Chromatin Forms the Chromosome structure optimized for strength and manageability chromatin packages more tightly to facilitate segregation of the Chromosomes. Chromatin packaging with histone proteins
- 13. Chromatinis a complex of macromolecules (DNA, protein and RNA) Functions 1-To package DNA into a smaller volume to fit in the cell 2-To reinforce the DNA macromolecule to allow mitosis 3-To prevent DNA damage 4-To control gene expression and DNA replication Composition The primary protein components of chromatin are Histones that compact the DNA
- 15. 1-Chromosomes are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells 2-Chromosomes carry DNA which is the hereditary information necessary to build a complete organism 3-Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
- 16. 1-Chromosomes are arranged in pairs within the Nucleus 2-Humans have 22 chromosomal pairs of Autosomes. 3-Humans have a total of 46 sex chromosomes further classified as X and Y chromosome 1-Controls all the activities of living cell 2-Cell division process and gene packaging 3-Packaging of regulatory elements and DNA packaging to fit inside the nucleus