The document defines and provides examples of number sequences, including arithmetic sequences. An arithmetic sequence starts with a number and each subsequent term is found by adding a common difference. The general form of an arithmetic sequence is Xn = an + b. The nth term is given by a + (n-1)d, where a is the first term and d is the common difference. Formulas are provided for calculating the sum of natural numbers, odd numbers, and the terms of an arithmetic progression.