Tetracyclines are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics produced by Streptomyces bacteria. They work by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria by binding to the 30s subunit of the bacterial ribosome, preventing tRNA from entering the acceptor site. Common examples include oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, and doxycycline. They are effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and are administered orally, though they can cause side effects like discoloring teeth or gastrointestinal upset.

2. • Tetracycline are class of antibiotics which are chemical
substances reproduced by a microorganism that are able to
kill other microorganisms without being toxic to the person .
• They were discovered in 1940.
• They are produced by Streptomyces spp.
• Examples - Oxytetracycline,Chlortetracycline and
Doxycycline.

3. Mode of Action
• Tetracycline inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the bacterial ribosome
involved in translation of protein synthesis.
• Bacterial Ribosome – 30s subunit
50s subunit
• They bind to 30s subunit in such a manner that it prevents Aminoacyl transfer
tRNA from entering acceptor sites on ribosomes.
70s subunit

5. • They are Broad Spectrum Antibiotics.
Effective against Gram negative and positive.
• They are administered orally.
• They are excreted in liver,bile and urine.
CHARACTERISTICS
• Side Effects – Teeth discolouration , renal and hepatic injury
, gastrointestinal upset , headache , skinrash , chest pain.

6. When ingested, it is usually recommended that the more water-
soluble, short-acting tetracyclines (e.g. plain tetracycline,
chlortetracycline, Oxytetracycline, demeclocycline and
methacycline) be taken with a full glass of water, either two hours
before or after eating.
This is partly because most tetracyclines bind easily with
magnesium, aluminum, iron and calcium (all of which are
abundant in a normal diet) and is thereby deactivated by these
ions.
Partial exception to this rule applies for doxycycline and
minocycline, which may be taken with food.
Dairy products and (mineral) supplements should be avoided
during the treatment
ADMINISTRATION

7. Mechanism of Resistance
Cell become resistant to tetracycline via 3 mechanisms-
1. ENZYMATIC RESISTANCE- Acetyl drug is added to the molecule causing
inactivation of drug.
2. EFFLUX RESISTANCE- Gene encodes a membrane proteins that effectively
pumps tetracycline out of the cell.
3. RIBOSOMAL PROTECTION- Blocks tetracycline from binding to the ribosome.

8. USES OF TETRACYCLINE -
• Tetracycline is used to
treat wide variety of
infections including acne.
• It is an antibiotic that
works by stopping the
growth of the bacteria.
• Venerel disease
• Atypical pneumonia
• Cholera
• Relapsing fever
• Rickettsial infection
• Plague

9. Adverse
drug
reaction of
Tetracycline
Antibiotics

10. Reference-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MNEEfaacUTg&list=PLK5MN_llB2lsviSKVcNfF6DgS162edun9&index=
2&t=2s
https://www.slideshare.net/ShariqHabib/tetracycline-64719872
https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-5919/tetracycline-oral/details