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Testing your Emergency Plans Gianmario Gnecchi Italian National Fire and Rescue Service please send your comments to  [email_address]
The Emergency Planning Process ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Emergency Planning Process ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Emergency Planning Process TEST PLANNING REVISION UPDATE EVALUATION
Why someone should ask to you to test your emergency plan?
There are several reasons that may require to test your existing emergency plan. Some of these are: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What do you need to measure? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],TEST EVALUATION PLANNING REVISION UPDATE 1 Check SINGLE RESOURCES 2 Test the STRUCTURE OF THE PLAN  3 Verify the ABILITY OF COMMANDERS
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],TEST EVALUATION PLANNING REVISION UPDATE 1 Check SINGLE RESOURCES 2 Test the STRUCTURE OF THE PLAN  3 Verify the ABILITY OF COMMANDERS
1 2 3
Exercise in a real-like setting. Not always possible (and not always necessary). ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
 
 
Exercise in a real-like setting. Not always possible (and not always necessary). ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Methods to test the plans and documentation available on the internet ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
www.ukresilience.info ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SEMINARS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TABLE TOP EXERCISES ,[object Object],[object Object]
CONTROL POST EXERCISES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
LIVE EXERCISES ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
[object Object],[object Object],www.fema.gov .
FEMA IS 139  – 2003 - EXERCISE DESIGN - TABLE OF CONTENT   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.fema.gov .
 
Live exercise full scale Functional Command Post Table Top Verify ability of commanders Live exercise Full or partial for groups of responders Functional exercise Command Post exercise Table top Test structure of the plan Joint training Training Check resources Seminar Conference Inform Activity Purpose 1 Check SINGLE RESOURCES 2 Test the STRUCTURE OF THE PLAN  3 Verify the ABILITY OF COMMANDERS
Most common examples of aims of Plan Test ,[object Object],[object Object]
It is easy to notice that there is a set of priorities in the aspects that are put to test. For instance: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Plans Test Documentation ,[object Object],[object Object]
Plans Test Documentation (existing) EMERGENCY PLAN Testing Requirements TEST  PROJECT TEST  EXECUTION TEST  EVALUATION Recom Mendations To the Plan Amend ments To the plan (updated)  EMERGENCY PLAN
[object Object],(existing) EMERGENCY PLAN Testing Requirements TEST  PROJECT TEST  EXECUTION TEST  EVALUATION Recom mendations TO THE PLAN Amend ments TO THE PLAN (updated)  EMERGENCY PLAN
[object Object],[object Object],(existing) EMERGENCY PLAN Testing Requirements TEST  PROJECT TEST  EXECUTION TEST  EVALUATION Recom mendations TO THE PLAN Amend ments TO THE PLAN (updated)  EMERGENCY PLAN
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],(existing) EMERGENCY PLAN Testing Requirements TEST  PROJECT TEST  EXECUTION TEST  EVALUATION Recom mendations TO THE PLAN Amend ments TO THE PLAN (updated)  EMERGENCY PLAN
[object Object],[object Object],(existing) EMERGENCY PLAN Testing Requirements TEST  PROJECT TEST  EXECUTION TEST  EVALUATION Recom mendations TO THE PLAN Amend ments TO THE PLAN (updated)  EMERGENCY PLAN
[object Object],[object Object],(existing) EMERGENCY PLAN Testing Requirements TEST  PROJECT TEST  EXECUTION TEST  EVALUATION Recom mendations TO THE PLAN Amend ments TO THE PLAN (updated)  EMERGENCY PLAN
[object Object],(existing) EMERGENCY PLAN Testing Requirements TEST  PROJECT TEST  EXECUTION TEST  EVALUATION Recom mendations TO THE PLAN Amend ments TO THE PLAN (updated)  EMERGENCY PLAN
[object Object],[object Object],(existing) EMERGENCY PLAN Testing Requirements TEST  PROJECT TEST  EXECUTION TEST  EVALUATION Recom mendations TO THE PLAN Amend ments TO THE PLAN (updated)  EMERGENCY PLAN
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],(existing) EMERGENCY PLAN Testing Requirements TEST  PROJECT TEST  EXECUTION TEST  EVALUATION Recom mendations TO THE PLAN Amend ments TO THE PLAN (updated)  EMERGENCY PLAN
Comparison of different planning test activity and possible feedbacks
Testing your Plans and Procedures From Everyday work activities to Full Scale Exercises ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
High  visibility Low visibility Can give  visibility Can give  visibility Can give  visibility Can give  visibility Influenced by “system” “ Visibility” High media relevance Low media  relevance May have relevance May have  relevance May have relevance May have  relevance High media  relevance Media Relevance Effective Limited  to Scenario Very  Effective Very  effective May provide inputs to revision Not specific for revision Influenced by “system” Revision Appropriate Appropriate Very Appropriate Very appropriate Adequate  Feedback Difficult  feedback Influenced by persons Evaluation Effective Limited  to Scenario Effective Very effective Specific  to audience Limited  to audience Very effective with follow-up Effective -  ness High Cost Moderate Cost Medium Cost No extra cost Moderate cost Moderate  Cost No extra costs Running Cost Medium  Extra Cost High Cost for quality product Moderate  extra cost Moderate extra cost Moderate extra cost Low  extra cost No  extra costs Preparation Effort Full Scale Virtual Table Top Command Posts Seminar or workshop Conference Everyday work Type Aspects
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Evaluation of the exercise ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Key factors are observed in order to detect what of these factors influence positively on the exercise organization, on the credibility and the usefulness for the general scope of the exercise. Key factors are observed in order to define the real adequacy of the command action performed by the different managers/ commanders. The capability to interact and act with synergy and with common objectives is measured  Key factors are observed in order to verify the quality of response of the emergency teams, their internal management capability and their ability to relate their activity with other teams of other agencies Key factors are observed in order to verify the real functionality of the plan, its adequacy and the updating. 4. ORGANIZATION OF THE ESERCISE 3. MANAGERS AND COMMANDERS 2. RESCUERS 1. PLAN
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Key factors are observed in order to detect what of these factors influence positively on the exercise organization, on the credibility and the usefulness for the general scope of the exercise. Key factors are observed in order to define the real adequacy of the command action performed by the different managers/ commanders. The capability to interact and act with synergy and with common objectives is measured  Key factors are observed in order to verify the quality of response of the emergency teams, their internal management capability and their ability to relate their activity with other teams of other agencies Key factors are observed in order to verify the real functionality of the plan, its adequacy and the updating. 4. ORGANIZATION OF THE ESERCISE 3. MANAGERS AND COMMANDERS 2. RESCUERS 1. PLAN Functionality of the plan Communications Safety Strategies Ordinary resources Extra-ordinary resources Coordination Unexpected events (and reaction)  Management of media  Public relation Flights Traffic management
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Key factors are observed in order to detect what of these factors influence positively on the exercise organization, on the credibility and the usefulness for the general scope of the exercise. Key factors are observed in order to define the real adequacy of the command action performed by the different managers/ commanders. The capability to interact and act with synergy and with common objectives is measured  Key factors are observed in order to verify the quality of response of the emergency teams, their internal management capability and their ability to relate their activity with other teams of other agencies Key factors are observed in order to verify the real functionality of the plan, its adequacy and the updating. 4. ORGANIZATION OF THE ESERCISE 3. MANAGERS AND COMMANDERS 2. RESCUERS 1. PLAN Readiness Effectiveness Efficiency Adequacy of response Coordination with other teams Coordination with other Agencies Capability to sustain long term operations
Coordination Command and control capabilities Flexibility Knowledge of the work environment and characteristics of all “actors” involved Unified command and Centralized command structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Key factors are observed in order to detect what of these factors influence positively on the exercise organization, on the credibility and the usefulness for the general scope of the exercise. Key factors are observed in order to define the real adequacy of the command action performed by the different managers/ commanders. The capability to interact and act with synergy and with common objectives is measured  Key factors are observed in order to verify the quality of response of the emergency teams, their internal management capability and their ability to relate their activity with other teams of other agencies Key factors are observed in order to verify the real functionality of the plan, its adequacy and the updating. 4. ORGANIZATION OF THE ESERCISE 3. MANAGERS AND COMMANDERS 2. RESCUERS 1. PLAN
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Key factors are observed in order to detect what of these factors influence positively on the exercise organization, on the credibility and the usefulness for the general scope of the exercise. Key factors are observed in order to define the real adequacy of the command action performed by the different managers/ commanders. The capability to interact and act with synergy and with common objectives is measured  Key factors are observed in order to verify the quality of response of the emergency teams, their internal management capability and their ability to relate their activity with other teams of other agencies Key factors are observed in order to verify the real functionality of the plan, its adequacy and the updating. 4. ORGANIZATION OF THE ESERCISE 3. MANAGERS AND COMMANDERS 2. RESCUERS 1. PLAN Scope of exercise Adherence to the existing plan, deviations and motivations Redundancy of safety measures for actors Inconveniences to ordinary activity credibility Factors that have facilitated the exercise Factors that have made difficult the exercise
Drills are something different from exercises ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3. ORGANIZING A LARGE SCALE EXERCISE: SOME KEY ISSUES
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],EXERCISE DIRECTOR (Directing Staff) INCIDENT  COMMANDER (or Unified Command Post)  CHIEF OF THE SIMULATION STAFF  OBSERVERS OPERATIONS PLANNING LOGISTICS SAFETY MAKE-UP TEAM STAFF FOR  GENERATION  OF INCIDENT SCENARIOS OVERALL SAFETY  TEAMS SAFETY SITE SAFETY SIMULATED “ VICTIMS” ADMINISTRATION Communications V.I.P.  AND  AUTHORITIES Media GENERAL  PUBLIC
Preparation, Techniques,  Roles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
EXERCISING RESOURCES Incident Commanders Emergency Agency  Emergency Responders - Public Teams - Private Teams Population DIRECTING STAFF Exercise director(s) Simulation staff OBSERVERS Evaluators Media V.I.P. General P ublic generate the  “problems” elaborate the  “solutions”
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],EXERCISING RESOURCES Incident Commanders Emergency Agency  Emergency Responders - Public Teams - Private Teams Population DIRECTING STAFF Exercise director(s) Simulation staff OBSERVERS Evaluators Media V.I.P. General P ublic generate the  “problems” elaborate the  “solutions”
Activity of Observers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],EXERCISING RESOURCES Incident Commanders Emergency Agency  Emergency Responders - Public Teams - Private Teams Population DIRECTING STAFF Exercise director(s) Simulation staff OBSERVERS Evaluators Media V.I.P. General P ublic generate the  “problems” elaborate the  “solutions”
How much information can or should be given in advance to the resources that are participating to exercise? ,[object Object],[object Object]
Want to run exercise close to real conditions?  Prepare for a really dynamic scenario ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Communications ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
4. VIRTUAL REALITY
4.0. introduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
4.1. Virtual Simulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
Information sharing and decision support. An available, public, tool for big emergencies ,[object Object],[object Object]
Information sharing and decision support.  An available, public, tool for big emergencies ,[object Object],[object Object]
http://www.gdacs.org   http:// ocha.unog.ch/virtualosocc /   ,[object Object]
 
 
5. LESSONS LEARNED
Dissemination of information about planning activity – A “Transition period” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Dissemination of information about planning activity – A “Transition period” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Redundancy of safety measures during plan tests simulated with field exercises ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Motivation of Emergency Response Teams and the risk of a “show” exercise ,[object Object],[object Object]
Motivation of Emergency Response Teams and the risk of a “show” exercise ,[object Object],[object Object]
A positive approach to the need to “show” ,[object Object],[object Object]
A positive approach to the need to “show” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Visibility of scenarios in real scale exercises ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Playing with a limited set of resources ,[object Object],[object Object]
Want to exercise your personal Emergency Management capabilities? Let others evaluate you. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Thank you for your attention ...and patience

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Testing Emergency Plans

  • 1. Testing your Emergency Plans Gianmario Gnecchi Italian National Fire and Rescue Service please send your comments to [email_address]
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  • 4. The Emergency Planning Process TEST PLANNING REVISION UPDATE EVALUATION
  • 5. Why someone should ask to you to test your emergency plan?
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  • 27. Live exercise full scale Functional Command Post Table Top Verify ability of commanders Live exercise Full or partial for groups of responders Functional exercise Command Post exercise Table top Test structure of the plan Joint training Training Check resources Seminar Conference Inform Activity Purpose 1 Check SINGLE RESOURCES 2 Test the STRUCTURE OF THE PLAN 3 Verify the ABILITY OF COMMANDERS
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  • 32. Plans Test Documentation (existing) EMERGENCY PLAN Testing Requirements TEST PROJECT TEST EXECUTION TEST EVALUATION Recom Mendations To the Plan Amend ments To the plan (updated) EMERGENCY PLAN
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  • 41. Comparison of different planning test activity and possible feedbacks
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  • 44. High visibility Low visibility Can give visibility Can give visibility Can give visibility Can give visibility Influenced by “system” “ Visibility” High media relevance Low media relevance May have relevance May have relevance May have relevance May have relevance High media relevance Media Relevance Effective Limited to Scenario Very Effective Very effective May provide inputs to revision Not specific for revision Influenced by “system” Revision Appropriate Appropriate Very Appropriate Very appropriate Adequate Feedback Difficult feedback Influenced by persons Evaluation Effective Limited to Scenario Effective Very effective Specific to audience Limited to audience Very effective with follow-up Effective - ness High Cost Moderate Cost Medium Cost No extra cost Moderate cost Moderate Cost No extra costs Running Cost Medium Extra Cost High Cost for quality product Moderate extra cost Moderate extra cost Moderate extra cost Low extra cost No extra costs Preparation Effort Full Scale Virtual Table Top Command Posts Seminar or workshop Conference Everyday work Type Aspects
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  • 55. 3. ORGANIZING A LARGE SCALE EXERCISE: SOME KEY ISSUES
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  • 59. EXERCISING RESOURCES Incident Commanders Emergency Agency Emergency Responders - Public Teams - Private Teams Population DIRECTING STAFF Exercise director(s) Simulation staff OBSERVERS Evaluators Media V.I.P. General P ublic generate the “problems” elaborate the “solutions”
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  • 90. Thank you for your attention ...and patience