Testing serves several purposes including informing learners and teachers of strengths and weaknesses, motivating learners, and determining if learning objectives have been achieved. Tests can be classified based on their purpose such as screening, placement, or achievement. They can also be classified based on their characteristics such as being direct or indirect, criterion-referenced or norm-referenced. Proper test design considers guidelines around moderating tasks, ensuring an appropriate level of difficulty, avoiding bias, and standardizing examiners.

3. What is testing? It’s an activity whose purpose is to determine what learners can do or know about something. What is a test? It’s a formal instrument to measure what learners can do or know about something.

6. Depending on purpose Depending on characteristics Screening/Selection/ Admission Direct Tests/ Indirect Tests Placemen t Discrete point/ Integrative tests Proficiency Criteria-referenced/ Norm-referenced Aptitude Objective tests/ Subjective tests Diagnostic Speed test/ Power test Achievement Knowledge tests/ Skill tests Progress

13. I. Specific guidelines : The way the test is designed and organized. II. Moderation of mark scheme : The way in which teachers set the score of the test. III. Standardization of examiners : The way in which examiners guarantee a common criteria for correction.