This document provides details on the structure and content for a 10-page tensile test report analyzing collected data from destructive tensile testing of an aluminum sample. The report will include sections defining and calculating mechanical properties like proportional limit stress, yield point stress, ultimate tensile stress, breaking stress, modulus of elasticity, modulus of resilience, and modulus of toughness. Graphs and calculations of these properties will be presented along with pages for statistical process control data and summary calculations.
Objective of the experiment:
1 - Study the relationship between the force (P) and
elongation (ΔL).
2 - Stability and study the relationship between strain (ε)
and stress (σ).
3 - Study the concept of the mechanical properties of solids.
4 - Establish a modulus of elasticity (E)
Unit-II Mechanical Testing
Subject Name: OML751 Testing of Materials
Topics: Various Mechanical Tests [Hardness, Tensile, Impact, Bend, Shear, Creep & Fatigue]
B.E. Mechanical Engineering
Final Year, VII Semester, Open Elective Subject
[As per Anna University R-2017]
This presentation is for mechanical engineering/ civil engineering students to help them understand the different type of destructive mechanical testing of materials. The tensile testing, hardness, impact test procedures are explained in detail.
Objective of the experiment:
1 - Study the relationship between the force (P) and
elongation (ΔL).
2 - Stability and study the relationship between strain (ε)
and stress (σ).
3 - Study the concept of the mechanical properties of solids.
4 - Establish a modulus of elasticity (E)
Unit-II Mechanical Testing
Subject Name: OML751 Testing of Materials
Topics: Various Mechanical Tests [Hardness, Tensile, Impact, Bend, Shear, Creep & Fatigue]
B.E. Mechanical Engineering
Final Year, VII Semester, Open Elective Subject
[As per Anna University R-2017]
This presentation is for mechanical engineering/ civil engineering students to help them understand the different type of destructive mechanical testing of materials. The tensile testing, hardness, impact test procedures are explained in detail.
Effect of lamination angle on maximum deflection of simply supported composit...RAVI KUMAR
In this project a composite laminated beam is studied with glass-epoxy and graphite-epoxy combination. The beam is composed of four layers of different combination of composite material (glass epoxy and graphite epoxy composite). The beam is simply supported at both the ends and is subjected to uniformly distributed load along the length. Transverse deflection is computed for different lamination angle (0^0-〖90〗^0) by using Euler- Bernoulli’s theory (or CLPT). Maximum transverse deflection analysis is carried out using derived analytical expressions. The research carried out in this project will enable to determine the beam strength due to bending loads. The importance of fibre reinforcement in the manufacturing of the beam is studied in terms of bending strength of the beam. MATLAB codes are generated to implement analytical expiations of the composite beam.
The main objective of the paper is to find out the lamination angle at which minimum deflection is obtained & to find out the effect of lamination angle on maximum transverse deflection of the beam.
Contents
I. Introduction to “computer aided analysis and simulation”.
II. Basic Tools / Commands used in ANSYS
III. Basics of Shear Force and Bending Moment Calculation
PART -I
A) Stress Analysis of Bars of Constant Cross Section Area
1. Determine the nodal displacement, stress in each element and reaction forces of bar
subjected to a Tensile force.
2. Determine the nodal displacement, stress in each element and reaction forces of bar
subjected to a Compression force.
B) Stress Analysis of Bars Varying In Cross Section or Stepped Bars
1. Determine the nodal displacement, stress in each element and reaction forces of Stepped
bar subjected to an external load.
C ) Stress Analysis of Bars of Tapered Cross Section Area
1. Determine the nodal displacement, stress in each element and reaction forces of Taper
bar subjected to a external loads.
D) Special Problems by Variations
PART-II
E) Stress analysis of Beams
1. Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for the given Cantilever beam due
to applied load.
2. Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for the given Simply supported
beam due to central point load
3. Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for the given Simply supported
beam due to UDL
4. Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for the given Simply supported
beam due to applied load (one point loads, and UDL)
5. Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for the given Simply supported
beam due to Uniformly varying load (UVL)
6. Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for the given Simply supported
beam due to applied load (Several point loads, UVL)
F) Stress Analysis of a Rectangular Plate with a circular Hole
1. Determine the stress acting on a rectangular plate with a circular hole due to the applied
external load
G) Special Problems using Variations
Experiment 4 - Testing of Materials in Tension Object .docxSANSKAR20
Experiment 4 - Testing of Materials in Tension
Object: The object of this experiment is to measure the tensile properties of two polymeric
materials, steel and aluminum at a constant strain rate on the Tension testing machine.
Background: For structural applications of materials such as bridges, pressure vessels, ships,
and automobiles, the tensile properties of the metal material set the criteria for a safe design.
Polymeric materials are being used more and more in structural applications, particularly in
automobiles and pressure vessels. New applications emerge as designers become aware of
the differences in the properties of metals and polymers and take full advantage of them. The
analyses of structures using metals or plastics require that the data be available.
Stress-Strain: The tensile properties of a material are obtained by pulling a specimen of
known geometry apart at a fixed rate of straining until it breaks or stretches to the machines
limit. It is useful to define the load per unit area (stress) as a parameter rather than load to
avoid the confusion that would arise from the fact that the load and the change in length are
dependent on the cross-sectional area and original length of the specimen. The stress,
however, changes during the test for two reasons: the load increases and the cross-sectional
area decreases as the specimen gets longer.
Therefore, the stress can be calculated by two formulae which are distinguished as
engineering stress and true stress, respectively.
(1) = P/Ao= Engineering Stress (lbs/in
2 or psi)
P = load (lbs)
Ao= original cross-sectional area (in
2)
(2) T= P/Ai = True Stress
Ai = instantaneous cross-sectional area (in
2)
Likewise, the elongation is normalized per unit length of specimen and is called strain. The
strain may be based on the original length or the instantaneous length such that
(3) =(lf - lo)/ lo = l / lo = Engineering Strain, where
lf= final gage length (in)
lo= original gage length (in)
(4) T= ln ( li / lo ) = ln (1 +) = True Strain, where
li = instantaneous gage length (in)
ln = natural logarithm
For a small elongation the engineering strain is very close to the true strain when l=1.2 lo,
then = 0.2 and T= ln 1.2 = 0.182. The engineering stress is related to the true stress by
(5) T= (1 + )
The true stress would be 20% higher in the case above where the specimen is 20% longer
than the original length. As the relative elongation increases, the true strain will become
significantly less than the engineering strain while the true stress becomes much greater than
the engineering stress. When l= 4.0 lo then = 3.0 but the true strain =ln 4.0 = 1.39.
Therefore, the true strain is less than 1/2 of the engineering strain. The true stress (T) = (1+
3.0) = 4, or the true stress is 4 times the engineering stress.
Tensile Test Nom ...
Diseno en ingenieria mecanica de Shigley - 8th ---HDes
descarga el contenido completo de aqui http://paralafakyoumecanismos.blogspot.com.ar/2014/08/libro-para-mecanismos-y-elementos-de.html
Optimization of Multi Leaf Spring by using Design of Experiments & Simulated ...IJMER
This work carried out on a multi leaf spring of a tractor trolley with maximum load
carrying capacity of 5 Tones. The CAD model of this MLS has been modeled in CATIA V5. After
successfully preparing the CAD model, MLS is then tested in Static Structural Analysis workbench for
stress and deflection computations. The finite element analysis of the leaf spring has been performed by
converting the model into number of nodes and elements and then applying the relevant boundary
conditions under the static loading conditions. After implementation of FEA it was observed that the red
area close to shackle was undergoing maximum value of stress. This observation leads us to the
workbench of Knowledge ware and this aided us in studying the response of crucial output parameters of
MLS in the form of Stress and Deflection via Design of experiments. DOE paved the way for SAA where
optimization was carried out in order to reach the minimal stress. The corresponding values of camber
and leaf span were recorded for minimal stress
Hello Friends,
Please find Basics of Pipe stress analysis, this is in continuation to earlier posts (Walk through Piping & pipe Stress). If all read in conjunction, shall give you a very good OVERVIEW of pipe stress analysis.
Next will target individual equipment connected piping stress analysis methodology.
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The results underscore the pivotal role of cohesive branding, social media influence, and website usability in shaping positive brand perceptions, influencing consumer decisions, and ultimately bolstering sales and profitability. This paper provides actionable insights and strategic recommendations for businesses seeking to leverage branding, social media, and website design as potent tools to enhance their market position and financial success.
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Dive into the innovative world of smart garages with our insightful presentation, "Exploring the Future of Smart Garages." This comprehensive guide covers the latest advancements in garage technology, including automated systems, smart security features, energy efficiency solutions, and seamless integration with smart home ecosystems. Learn how these technologies are transforming traditional garages into high-tech, efficient spaces that enhance convenience, safety, and sustainability.
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3. Tensile Report Layout
Your Tensile report will include 10 pages which will contain the
following information:
• Title page
• Statistical Process Control Data collected from tensile data
• Proportional Strength - Definition-graph-calculation
• Yield Strength - Definition-graph-calculation
• Tensile or Ultimate Strength - Definition-graph-calculation
• Breaking/Rupture Strength - Definition-graph-calculation
• Modulus of Elasticity - Definition-graph-calculation
• Modulus of Resilience - Definition-graph-calculation
• Modulus of Toughness - Definition-graph-calculation
• Calculations Page - data not needing graphical representation
4. Title Page
• Major Topic Heading
•Course Name
•Topic of Paper
•Student Name
•Instructor
•Date
•Period
Material and Materials
Testing in Engineering
Principles of Engineering
Unit 6
Destructive Tensile Test
of
Aluminum
John Vielkind-Neun
Instructor: Mr. Smith
May 17, 2000
Period 6
5. Statistical Process Control Data
• Cut SPC data sheet
into sections and
glue to titled page
• Break information
into appropriate
sections.
e.g. Recorded Data
Results
Histogram
Statistical Process Control
Aluminum Data
6. Proportional Limit Stress
Proportional Limit - The greatest stress a material is capable of
withstanding without deviation from a straight -line proportionality
between stress and strain. If the force applied to the material is
released the material will return to it’s original shape and size.
Calculation
S = F / A
Graph
Strain (∈) in/in
Stress(S)psi
Proportional/ Elastic Limit
7. Yield Point Stress
Yield point - The point at which a sudden elongation takes place,
while the load on the sample remains the same or actually drops. If
the force applied to the material is released the material will not
return to it’s original shape and size.
Calculation
S = F / AGraph
Strain (∈) in/in
Stress(S)psi
Yield Point
8. Ultimate or Tensile Stress
Ultimate Strength - The point at which the maximum
load for a sample is achieved. Beyond this point,
elongation of the sample continues but the force
being exerted decreases.
Calculation
S = F / A
Graph
Strain (∈) in/in
Stress(S)psi
Ultimate Strength
9. Breaking/Rupture Stress
Breaking/Rupture Stress - The maximum amount of
stress that can be applied before rupture occurs. The
material fractures in the necking region where the
material reduces in diameter as the material elongates.
Calculation
S = F / A
Graph
Strain (∈) in/in
Stress(S)psi
Rupture Point
Necking Region
10. Modulus of Elasticity
Modulus of Elasticity -A measure of a materials ability to
regain its original dimensions after the removal of a load or
force. The modulus is the slope of the straight line portion of
the stress-strain diagram up to the proportional limit.
Calculation
E = (F1 -F2)Lo / (δ1 -δ 2)A
Graph
Strain (∈) in/in
Stress(S)psi
Proportional / Elastic Limit
Slope
11. Strain (∈) in/in
Stress(S)psi
Elastic Region
Modulus of Resilience
Modulus of Resilience -A measure of a materials ability
to absorb energy up to the elastic limit. This modulus is
represented by the area under the stress versus strain
curve from zero force to the elastic limit.
Calculation
Ur = 1/2 (σyp)(ε yp)
Graph
Elastic Limit
12. Modulus of Toughness
Modulus of Toughness -A measure of a materials ability to
plastically deform without fracturing. Work is performed by the
material absorbing energy by the blow or deformation. This
measurement is equal to the area under the stress versus
strain curve from its origin through the rupture point.
Graph
Strain (∈) in/in
Stress(S)psi
Plastic Region
Calculation:
Ut = 1/3(εBr) (σyp + 2σult)
13. Calculation Page
Total Strain/ Deformation -The total amount of
elongation of a sample to rupture
normalized(divided by) by the initial length.
Calculation: εtotal = δtotal/Lo
Ductility:The ability of a material to be deformed
plastically without rupture.
Calculation: % Elongation = ε total(100)
Ductility:The ability of a material to be deformed
plastically without rupture.
Calculations:
% Reduction in area = Aoriginal - A final / A original (100)
