Public conference on "LTE: new frequencies 2.6 GHz & 800 MHz – a chance for a new image of mobile telephony?", Friday October 8th, Warsaw, Poland.
Keynote presentation at Day 2 Telecoms Europe 5G Conference. Describing, my view of the 5G standalone deployment dynamics, best timing and what benefits to customers and ourselves (MNOs) to expect. I genuinely believe that to have a successful 5G Core SA deployment we need to learn from New IT cloud native transformation journeys.
This slide pack gives an overview of what initiatives CSP/Telco's need to address to take advantage of Digital Transformation and next wave of Disruptive technologies to gain Customer confidence and improve Customer Experience using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning approach.
Carlos Lopez Blanco of Telefonica discusses a re-evaluation of "convergence" which has promised much but delivered little. Broadband must be seen as the key provision in convergence whilst policymakers need to overcome real challenges including a consistent enforcement of net neutrality principles, a strengthening of consumer trust and control and an alignment of international policy in data privacy and processing.
Keynote presentation at Day 2 Telecoms Europe 5G Conference. Describing, my view of the 5G standalone deployment dynamics, best timing and what benefits to customers and ourselves (MNOs) to expect. I genuinely believe that to have a successful 5G Core SA deployment we need to learn from New IT cloud native transformation journeys.
This slide pack gives an overview of what initiatives CSP/Telco's need to address to take advantage of Digital Transformation and next wave of Disruptive technologies to gain Customer confidence and improve Customer Experience using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning approach.
Carlos Lopez Blanco of Telefonica discusses a re-evaluation of "convergence" which has promised much but delivered little. Broadband must be seen as the key provision in convergence whilst policymakers need to overcome real challenges including a consistent enforcement of net neutrality principles, a strengthening of consumer trust and control and an alignment of international policy in data privacy and processing.
Beginners: Energy Consumption in Mobile Networks - RAN Power Saving Schemes3G4G
This tutorial looks at energy consumption in the mobile networks, especially 4G and 5G and looks at various ways in which the vendors and standards are working on to reduce the power consumption.
At a high level, there are three layers of optimisation: Network level, Site level and Equipment level. This presentation looks at some of the ways the optimisation is achieved.
There is a long list of references available for anyone interested in researching this topic further.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
5G UE Simulator is capable of simulating and testing several devices and user equipment to recreate unique behavior for every device and puts the network RAN under stress to make sure its robustness, performance & functionalities. We provide the foremost cost-effective solution for validating LTE and 5G RAN testing with multi-UE simulation capabilities achieving the exceptional capacity.
Presentations given at the
Workshop 6: European and Taiwanese Cooperation on 5G
Wednesday, 19 June 2019, at EUCNC 2019 in Valencia, Spain.
All presentations atre available.
the file is related to my online seminars over Instagram.
this is first presentation about 5G
5G is the 5th generation mobile network. It is a new global wireless standard after 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G networks. 5G enables a new kind of network that is designed to connect virtually everyone and everything together including machines, objects, and devices.
#5G
#5GNR
#Massive MIMO
#tactile_internet
Join Us:
inststagram.com/ali.nikfal1985
5G will connect billions of devices, things and people and bring an Ocean of new opportunities to cope with continuous traffic growth, low latency service expectations, energy efficiency, urban density and many other requirements demanding more and more innovation in the CMOS, MEMS and Protonics space but also many other areas.
examining the deployment options mobile opcos have in moving rom 4 to 5G. Looking at how these options impact on the possible range of 5G services offered. Also analysing how to reduce deployment costs by using a single rural opco model.
With 5G comes slicing that will greatly benefit to the Automotive Industry to have virtual dedicated networks for different traffic, from Safety highly reliable to entertainment or less critical sensor data collection
Towards a New Internet for the Year 2030 and Beyond3G4G
Presented by Richard Li, Ph.D., Chief Scientist, Future Networks, Huawei USA at Third Annual ITU IMT-2020/5G Workshop and Demo Day, Geneva, Switzerland, July 18, 2018
*** Shared with permission ***
Accelerating our 5G future: a first look at 3GPP Rel-17 and beyondQualcomm Research
In December 2019, the scope of 3GPP Release 17 was decided in the Plenary meeting in Spain. This presentation outlines the details of this 3rd release of 5G standards.
Hereby my Broadband MEA 2013 keynote presentation (delivered 20 March 2013).It's an Extended Re-Mix, rather than the limited slides required for the 15 minutes talk. Hopefully this gives a more rounded view on Growth Dynamics related to mobile data demand and supply in mobile networks as well as the Economics involved (which is often forgotten when the usual suspects gets exited about x1,000 challenges).
Take also a peek at my Blog on the topic:
http://techneconomyblog.com/2012/11/02/the-economics-of-the-thousand-times-challenge/
Enjoy!
Btw. apologies for the fairly hopeless format conversion in this presentation ( it looks better in real ppt format ;-).
Beginners: Energy Consumption in Mobile Networks - RAN Power Saving Schemes3G4G
This tutorial looks at energy consumption in the mobile networks, especially 4G and 5G and looks at various ways in which the vendors and standards are working on to reduce the power consumption.
At a high level, there are three layers of optimisation: Network level, Site level and Equipment level. This presentation looks at some of the ways the optimisation is achieved.
There is a long list of references available for anyone interested in researching this topic further.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
5G UE Simulator is capable of simulating and testing several devices and user equipment to recreate unique behavior for every device and puts the network RAN under stress to make sure its robustness, performance & functionalities. We provide the foremost cost-effective solution for validating LTE and 5G RAN testing with multi-UE simulation capabilities achieving the exceptional capacity.
Presentations given at the
Workshop 6: European and Taiwanese Cooperation on 5G
Wednesday, 19 June 2019, at EUCNC 2019 in Valencia, Spain.
All presentations atre available.
the file is related to my online seminars over Instagram.
this is first presentation about 5G
5G is the 5th generation mobile network. It is a new global wireless standard after 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G networks. 5G enables a new kind of network that is designed to connect virtually everyone and everything together including machines, objects, and devices.
#5G
#5GNR
#Massive MIMO
#tactile_internet
Join Us:
inststagram.com/ali.nikfal1985
5G will connect billions of devices, things and people and bring an Ocean of new opportunities to cope with continuous traffic growth, low latency service expectations, energy efficiency, urban density and many other requirements demanding more and more innovation in the CMOS, MEMS and Protonics space but also many other areas.
examining the deployment options mobile opcos have in moving rom 4 to 5G. Looking at how these options impact on the possible range of 5G services offered. Also analysing how to reduce deployment costs by using a single rural opco model.
With 5G comes slicing that will greatly benefit to the Automotive Industry to have virtual dedicated networks for different traffic, from Safety highly reliable to entertainment or less critical sensor data collection
Towards a New Internet for the Year 2030 and Beyond3G4G
Presented by Richard Li, Ph.D., Chief Scientist, Future Networks, Huawei USA at Third Annual ITU IMT-2020/5G Workshop and Demo Day, Geneva, Switzerland, July 18, 2018
*** Shared with permission ***
Accelerating our 5G future: a first look at 3GPP Rel-17 and beyondQualcomm Research
In December 2019, the scope of 3GPP Release 17 was decided in the Plenary meeting in Spain. This presentation outlines the details of this 3rd release of 5G standards.
Hereby my Broadband MEA 2013 keynote presentation (delivered 20 March 2013).It's an Extended Re-Mix, rather than the limited slides required for the 15 minutes talk. Hopefully this gives a more rounded view on Growth Dynamics related to mobile data demand and supply in mobile networks as well as the Economics involved (which is often forgotten when the usual suspects gets exited about x1,000 challenges).
Take also a peek at my Blog on the topic:
http://techneconomyblog.com/2012/11/02/the-economics-of-the-thousand-times-challenge/
Enjoy!
Btw. apologies for the fairly hopeless format conversion in this presentation ( it looks better in real ppt format ;-).
This presentation summarizes the many technology ideas and business models to achieve Ultra-efficient network operation while safeguarding customer quality and expectations. This work was presented at Informa's Broadband MEA conference in Dubai, 26th of Match 2012.
For more in depth explanations check out my Blog: http://techneconomyblog.com/2014/05/21/the-abc-of-network-sharingthe-fundamentals-part-i/
Given the renewed discussion of Network Sharing pros and cons I thought it made sense to wrap up several of my older presentations and update some of the information with latest knowledge.
The myth of network sharing is clear -> huge savings and benefits often blinding the decision makers for the other side of the coin.
I hope this presentation provided a fair picture of both sides of the Network Sharing Coin!
The presentation provides more than 10 years of my work and experience since the early days of 3G Network Sharing discussions in 2000 - 2001.
Through its revolutionary One-to-One Marketing concept, Market America combines the Internet with the power of people. A system for Entrepreneurs to create an ongoing income, while providing consumers worldwide a better way to shop. Through revolutionary technology and the power of the people, we are creating the economy of the future.
I great privilege to end Ampleon Technical Conference 2021 (Nijmegen, Netherlands) with a keynote contribution on what makes Telco tick and more on what to expect from real 5G. It was as well more than 20 years since I had seen many of my old Philips colleagues (now Ampleon) which made this event very special for me as well. Of course, also super cool to see the innovation level and relevance to our deployed RAN infrastructure.
Intends to discuss about new data centric environment challenges due tsunami data traffic in mobile broadband and how industry is being prepared to address all of these changes.
The Internet of Things is bringing a massive surge of smart, connected devices that will enable new services and efficiencies across industries. This requires wireless technologies to scale up or down depending on the application performance needs—to connect virtually anything. And now, LTE is evolving for low-throughput, delay-tolerant IoT use cases. The new narrowband LTE technologies (eMTC & NB-IoT) will deliver lower complexity, longer battery life, and deeper coverage for wide-area IoT applications.
To solve the 1000x mobile data challenge, we need more small cells, actually, much more, and everywhere— indoors and outdoors, in residences and in enterprises, in all the familiar flavors—3G, 4G and Wi-Fi, and in many different forms — femtos, picos, metros, relays, remote radio heads, distributed antenna systems, etc.! But, isn’t interference a limiting factor? How dense can we deploy them? Can we use new inside-out deployment models?. What are the future enhancements that takes HetNets to the next level?.
For more information, see also www.qualcomm.com/1000x
Download the presentation here: http://www.qualcomm.com/media/documents/1000x-more-small-cells
UK Spectrum Policy Forum – Stephen Temple, 5G Innovation Centre (5GIC) - Wher...techUK
UK Spectrum Policy Forum
Cluster 2 Meeting – 25 September 2014
Stephen Temple, 5G Innovation Centre (5GIC)
Where is the spectrum for a “small-cell” 5G mobile revolution?
More information at: http://www.techuk.org/about/uk-spectrum-policy-forum
All rights reserved
Lte 5 g latim america 2017 what ran and small cell developments will make 5...Alberto Boaventura
Brings the discussion about benefits of SmallCells in order for capturing high density traffic. Also, presents new 5G architecture and technologies for high capacity supporting, such as: mmWave support; massive MIMO; beamforming; New Radio Design; virtualization in the edge;
Similar to Techno-economical aspects of LTE mobile broadband at 800 MHz and 2.6 GHz (20)
I had the pleasure to provide this keynote at Deutsche Telekom AG Spectrum Summit 2022, talking about the enterprise value of being the best mobile network in a market or the word, as well as what it takes to make it to the top of the top mobile networks in the world.
Contribution to Informa's Telco AI World Summit 2020, talking about driving data-powered innovation and automation at pace and scale. Looking Telco automation and AI frameworks working towards Zero Touch (autonomous network operations) with Zero Defects and Zero Complaints. If you are interested in a copy or want to discuss furher don't be shy reach out.
I developed this presentation to discuss the framework for automation and autonomic operations in particular in the Finance domain. It is high level introductory but includes guidance of how to best select AI and RPA projects with higher implementation success rates. If you are interested in a copy dont be shy! Reach out!
I gave this presentation at Deutsche Telekom AG's Digital Ethics Conference in Bonn on March 13 2019. It provides the background for how biases may occur in machine learning systems and what may go wrong if not corrected (or minimized).
This collection of slides are meant as a starting point and tutorial for the ones who want to understand AI Ethics and in particular the challenges around bias and fairness. Furthermore, I have also included studies on how we as humans perceive AI influence in our private as well as working lives.
My keynote from this weeks (June 12, 2018) 5G World conference in London. I focus here on AI for Telcos and in particular what can be done in the network and IT parts of the network. Making the point that there remains a lot of low hanging fruits which are simpler and easier to solve than present day image and NLP challenges. It is amazing how much you can do with fairly simple ML architectures with out going to state-of-art DL frameworks.
Had the great privilege to deliver this presentation at one of Europe's finest alternative tech conferences. Enjoyed it immensely. Check it out http://brainbar.com/#speakers and join next year!
Keynote presentation at our Magyar Telekom "AI for Everyone" conference in Budapest at 21st of March 2017.
You will find a the blog companion here: https://aistrategyblog.com/ which provides insights into how we humans perceive AI. Enjoy the read if you get there.
If you would like to have the presentation or have any questions please get in touch, don't be shy!
My presentation on the road to 5G at the 24th EMEA CTO Telecoms Forum. January 29th 2018, Berlin, Germany. 5G and AI has nothing to do with magic. They are real technologies. Why wait for 5G? Get started on LTE and on the path of conversion. Why AI, or more accurately machine learning, and intelligent automation is going to be crucial for managing an increasingly complex networked ultra-converged technology landscape.
If you want a copy please dont be a strange get in touch!
Delivered at the Network & Services Management Conference in Bonn, Germany on December 6th 2016. It comprises Deutsche Telekom's strategy and vision as it relates to real time network & services management and aggressive automation through AI and applied machine learning. It is fairly high-level but does include reference for further study and read-up, particular towards IETF and RTC publications.
It was a great pleasure having this presentation presented at the Tehran 5G Conference in Iran this October, 2016. It kick started my thinking & analysis of the economics of 5G, While 5G have many great technology promises, a lot have to happen with our business models and economics to also cash in on those promises. Enjoy this presentation and stay tuned for many more on this important topic.
A special thanks to Minoo Abedi who presented this work at the conference in Tehran.
This presentation was given at our Big Data Days Event. The presentation provides a comprehensive (albeit high level) view of the important parts of Big Data in Network Technology.
Inspirational talk on AI (artificial intelligence) and machine learning, i.e., how to give birth to an AI. Introductory and intentionally kept simple for non experts and non technical executives. Care should be taken not too over interpret some of the intentional simplified statements in the presentation.
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence. Not complex and should be relative easy to follow. Be aware that due to its high levelness (and no voice over) some care should be taken by the simplified examples used.
I have for some time worked on training notes (eventually a book) that particular targets the un-initiated or persons / companies interested in understanding how Telco works and thinks. Particular focusing on Economics and Business Models.
These notes where used in a recent training I gave in Myanmar and as such many of the examples are particular to Myanmar.
For the initiated this is likely going to be too easy and sometimes even feel like cheating (just a bit).
Stay tuned as I will be updating these particular slides frequently and as I tailor make them for particular requests or interests.
In case you are interested in the actual training get in touch.
Keynote delivered at European CTO Telecoms Forum looking at Telco World beyond the initial roll-out and path to 5G. Will Marketing lapfrog out of the Access-based thinking and really sell what Technology enable with converged broadband networks, cloud and visualization supporting IoT, Industry 4.0, Connected Car@s (or X in general) and so forth.
If you are interested in the slide or discussions related to the content, don't be a stranger, get in touch!
My Wi-Fi & Small Cell MENA presentation delivered 27th of October 2014 in Dubai.
If you want a copy don't hesitate to contact me and don't miss out on my blog either www.techneconomyblog.com ... which have a lot more prose around the nice pics! ;-)
Many of the topics addressed in this presentation can also be found in explained in more detail at my Blog http://techneconomyblog.com/
Gave this presentation at the Telecoms World Middle East 2014, 29th September. Had a lot of fun putting this work together and got me thinking a lot about the future of networking and the challenges we (Telcos) will be facing in preparing our networks for the next thing. This is a bout the Next Thing although its in reality "hitting" us now.
Have fun and Enjoy!
In case you have any questions or comments don't hesitate to get back to me.
I enjoyed giving my "Small Cell Economics" presentation at the Small Cell MENA Conference in Dubai (October 7th, 2013). You will (or might) find this one particular provoking (even for me) but please bear in mind that the last thing I want is for you to think that Small Cells doesn't work or can be a great tool ... rather I like you to work on how to solve some of the problematic scaling issues in large-scale small cell networks.
Techno-economical aspects of LTE mobile broadband at 800 MHz and 2.6 GHz
1. 1 Techno-economical aspects of mobile broadband From 800 MHz to 2.6 GHz.LTE: new frequencies 2.6 GHz & 800 MHz – a chance for a new image of mobile telephony? Friday October 8th, Warsaw, Poland. Dr. Kim (Kyllesbech Larsen)Technology Economics, T-Mobile
4. Changing market.Social trends and technological indicators. Socialize Individualize Digitize 2 x as active ! as fixed users 1.60+ bn internet users. Next 1+ bn by 2015. 25+ mn Mobile-TV users in APAC 400+ mn active users. 100+ mn mobile users. 2.5+ bn photos per month 4.1+ bn mobile users. <10% on mobile internet. 20+ hrs video per day $4.5+bn mobile gaming revenue 10+bn mobile apps downloads. 250+ bn e-mails per day. 40+% more than 5 MB. 400+ mn registered users. 86+ mn active ebay users 17 June 2010 4 2009: 45M Mobile users, 2.8M mobile broadband users, 21M internet users,.3.6M Facebook users (56% female, 65% 18-35), 4
5. 5 The incumbent mobile operator’s near-future … “it aint pretty”! The 3G traffic jam! 3G capacity crunch. Re-farming existing spectrum. New spectrum demand. Empty 2G roads - in time? Re-farming GSM! HSPA+ versus LTE ? Technology timing!
6. 6 The Greenfieldspectrum… “happy” short-term, a tougher future. Tougher future … growth limitations. Fixed-like demand! Dramatic Hz / customer drop! Additional spectrum and/or technology needs! Happy startup … plenty of quality. Lots of Hz per customer! High speed mobile broadband! Great customer experience!
7. 7 Telco Europe is all about efficiency … … avoiding shareholder unhappiness … EBITDA GROWTH REVENUE GROWTH Growth markets OPEX GROWTH Western Europe REVENUE PRESSURE 2010 – 2015 ILLUSTRATION Source: Pyramid Research 2010 & BoA Merrill Lynch 2010 Mobile Matrix.
8. 8 The Poland 2015 … broadband everywhere?, for everyone? Almost all house-hold will have a PC. Population 38mn Trend 1 mobile internet devices will exceed PCs. Mobile Broadband (50%) 430+% PCs (85% HH) 6 out of 10 house-hold with (fixed) broadband 1. Fixed broadband (60% HH) Trend 2 demand for always best connected. 1 out of 2 people will have mobile broadband 2. Trend 3 geometrical growth in data traffic. Source: Pyramid Research 2010. 1 Fixedbroadband: xDSL, Cable, FTTx, … 2 HSPA, LTE.
9. Spectrum benchmarking2.6 GHz requires least 9 times the site density to match 800MHz. 850 MHz DL power UL power (typical limitation for coverage) 2.6 GHZ Large Very small Coverage area ×9 ×1 ×6 ×4.5 2.1 GHz 2.6 GHz 1.8 GHz 900 MHz – 800 MHz (digital dividend) 2×35 MHz 2×30 MHz 2×60 MHz 2×75 MHz 190 MHz Low High Available bandwidth for LTE Illustration
16. Very good coverage..18* 0.9 18* 0.9 14* 0.9 700 – 900 MHz 10 0.9 10 0.9 12 0.8 Era Orange Plus Play CenterNet Aero2 Sferia 67 to 62 MHz 40 MHz 112 MHz Illustration * Bands broken up 1 Total view of UL + DL 2 Based on 2009 actual customers.
25. Lower capacity. 700 – 900 MHz 2 × 30 MHz @ 800 MHz 1 Low-frequency spectrum (≤ 2.1 GHz) is more valuable than higher-frequency spectrum Initial coverage is more valuable than limited coverage and high capacity. Low frequency spectrum can capture more population for significantly less cost. Below 20 MHz spectral capacity limitation will limits the overall spectrum value.
30. Government push for new entrant.0.01 India 3 Min FI Large area, low pop density, very low GDP NL4 0.001 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 US 700 MHz auction 2008, German 800 MHZ – 2.6 GHz auction 2010 Indian 3G / BWA 2.3GHz auction 2010. Dutch 2.6 GHz auction 2010. Austrian 2.6 GHz auction 2010. Auctioned spectrum in GHz
31. The beauty of the “beast” Our customer, the smart-phone and its apps. 13
33. 1 + 1 is no longer just 2 (1 device - multi-tasking). Mobile network Apple push notification service (APN). Web 2.0 Illustration 15
34. 16 Mobile broadband versus fixed broadband demand. Lots of small volume events & very high signaling load due to mobile apps notifications High volume / P2P / streaming… 100+ 70↑+ 20 1 1/3 Mobile broadband 700 MHz – 2.1 GHz BWA 2.3 – 2.5+ GHz Fixed with WiFi Mobile industry: hardly any QoS pricing mainly based on volumetric FUP. Wireless & Fixed Broadband business model uses QoS-based pricing. Note: In relative usage
35. 3G on vitamins, HSPA on steroids with HSPA+ & ++.HSPA roadmapoffers substantial speed and ecosystem scale effects. HSPA HSPA+ HSPA+ HSPA++ 84+ Mbps 14.4 Mbps 21- 28 Mbps 42Mbps Network 5 MHz 5 - 10 MHz 10 MHz 15 - 20MHz 1H 2009 1H 2011 1H 2010 2012+ Huawei Data Huawei Data Huawei Stick Card Data Stick Data Sticks / Nov. 09 Netbooks Netbook (June 2010) 31 / 11 5 July 2010 1,000+ Devices1 Samsung Nokia Android Motorola Qualcomm Chipsets ST Ericsson M570-V3 MDM 8200 Qualcomm ST Ericsson M570 & U8500 MDM 8200 Qualcomm Qualcomm MDM8220 MSM 7230 QSC6295 1 iPhone 3Gs supports HSDPA 7.2 Mbps for iPhone 4 & iPAD HSDPA 7.2 Mbps/ HSUPA 5.76 Mbps. 17
36. Current mobile broadband option space. For 3 major operators little existing LTE optionality. 4 top players lack optimum LTE spectrum conditions (i.e., 40 MHz). C+A+S have (currently) the strongest LTE spectrum position in Poland. 18
37. How to perfect existing legacy spectrum – part 1.Re-farm own spectrum is complicated, costly and prone to be service affecting. Migration & re-farming to 3G & LTE. Customer migration from 3G LTE 3G 3G (215 @ 2.1 GHz) 3G 2G After some time 2G to 4G migration. Free LTE LTE 2G 2G (210 MHz @ 1.8 GHz) 2G LTE (210 MHz @ 1.8 GHz) New Customers ILLUSTRATION Note: 3G includes R99, HSPA, HSPA+, similar 2G includes Voice, GPRS & EDGE 19
38. How to perfect existing legacy spectrum – part 2.Re-farming GSM to UMTS in rural area accelerate penetration of mobile broadband. Rural migration & re-farming to UMTS900. Today there are more than 400+ UMTS900 devices. 3G 3G (215 @ 2.1 GHz) 3G 2G Free New Customers 2G (210 MHz @ 1.8 GHz) 3G 3G 3G @ 900 2G @ 900 UMTS900 Rural UMTS 2G 3G (900 MHz) ILLUSTRATION Note: 3G includes R99, HSPA, HSPA+, similar 2G includes Voice, GPRS & EDGE 20
39. New spectrum allows more efficient technology migration. Balancing demand & quality. Dense & Urban Areas 3G LTE Migration LTE 3G (220 @ 2.6 GHz) 3G 3G 2G (215 @ 2.1 GHz) LTE Free 2G 2G (210 MHz @ 1.8 GHz) Rural to Urban Areas LTE New Customers (210 @ 800 MHz) ILLUSTRATION 21
40. 22 Macro economical benefits of broadband internet access everywhere. Un-economical spectrum pricing will delay and limit such benefits. Mobile broadband smart phones will increase spectrum demand rapidly. Without access to new spectrum resources operators will be growth limited. Re-farming legacy spectrum will be complex, costly and impact quality. Why should we care? Access to new spectrum paramount to ensure existing customer quality.