Network sharing can provide significant benefits for mobile operators, including:
1) Freeing up cash by reducing costs for sites that are unprofitable, allowing funds to be used in more strategic areas.
2) Increasing network quality and coverage at a lower cost than standalone networks through shared infrastructure investments.
3) Potential opex savings of up to 35% on technology costs and 5% on total costs through network sharing agreements.
Setting off the 5G Advanced evolution with 3GPP Release 18Qualcomm Research
In December 2021, 3GPP has reached a consensus on the scope of 5G NR Release 18. This is a significant milestone marking the beginning of 5G Advanced — the second wave of wireless innovations that will fulfill the 5G vision. Release 18 will build on the solid foundation set by Releases 15, 16, and 17, and it sets the longer-term evolution direction of 5G and beyond. This release will encompass a wide range of new and enhancement projects, ranging from improved MIMO and application of AI/ML-enabled air interface to extended reality optimizations and broader IoT support.
A quick look at 5G System architecture in Reference point representation and in Service Based representation and also look at the different Network Functions (NFs) within the 5G System.
This updated presentation/video looks at 5G Network Architecture options that have been proposed by 3GPP for deployment of 5G. It covers the Standalone (SA) and Non-Standalone (NSA) architecture. In the NSA architecture, EN-DC (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity), NGEN-DC (NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity) and NE-DC (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity) has been looked at. Finally, migration strategies proposed by vendors and operators (MNOs / SPs) have been discussed.
Beginners: 5G Terminology (Updated - Feb 2019)3G4G
An updated short presentation and video looking at 5G terminology that is being used in 3GPP standards and specifications.
Terms such as NG-RAN, NR, ng-eNB, en-gNB, RIT, SRIT, Option 3, etc. will be discussed
3GPP Release 17: Completing the first phase of 5G evolutionQualcomm Research
This presentation summarizes 5G NR Release 17 projects that was completed in March 2022. It further enhances 5G foundation and expands into new devices, use cases, verticals.
Intermediate: 5G Applications Architecture - A look at Application Functions ...3G4G
In this tutorial we look at the 5G Applications architecture. We discuss 5G applications, application functions and application servers and how they fit together in a 5G Service Based Architecture
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Setting off the 5G Advanced evolution with 3GPP Release 18Qualcomm Research
In December 2021, 3GPP has reached a consensus on the scope of 5G NR Release 18. This is a significant milestone marking the beginning of 5G Advanced — the second wave of wireless innovations that will fulfill the 5G vision. Release 18 will build on the solid foundation set by Releases 15, 16, and 17, and it sets the longer-term evolution direction of 5G and beyond. This release will encompass a wide range of new and enhancement projects, ranging from improved MIMO and application of AI/ML-enabled air interface to extended reality optimizations and broader IoT support.
A quick look at 5G System architecture in Reference point representation and in Service Based representation and also look at the different Network Functions (NFs) within the 5G System.
This updated presentation/video looks at 5G Network Architecture options that have been proposed by 3GPP for deployment of 5G. It covers the Standalone (SA) and Non-Standalone (NSA) architecture. In the NSA architecture, EN-DC (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity), NGEN-DC (NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity) and NE-DC (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity) has been looked at. Finally, migration strategies proposed by vendors and operators (MNOs / SPs) have been discussed.
Beginners: 5G Terminology (Updated - Feb 2019)3G4G
An updated short presentation and video looking at 5G terminology that is being used in 3GPP standards and specifications.
Terms such as NG-RAN, NR, ng-eNB, en-gNB, RIT, SRIT, Option 3, etc. will be discussed
3GPP Release 17: Completing the first phase of 5G evolutionQualcomm Research
This presentation summarizes 5G NR Release 17 projects that was completed in March 2022. It further enhances 5G foundation and expands into new devices, use cases, verticals.
Intermediate: 5G Applications Architecture - A look at Application Functions ...3G4G
In this tutorial we look at the 5G Applications architecture. We discuss 5G applications, application functions and application servers and how they fit together in a 5G Service Based Architecture
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Mobile spectrum and network evolution to 2025 slides coleago - 24 mar 21Coleago Consulting
A review for telecoms regulators and operators of key global developments, insights, trends, and best international practices, to inform future spectrum policy and management and operator strategies.
A short presentation looking at different ways in which mobile cellular network sharing is done. Different options including MORAN (Multiple Operator Radio Access Network), MOCN (Multiple Operator Core Network) and GWCN (Gateway Core Network) are discussed.
Part 6: Standalone and Non-Standalone 5G - 5G for Absolute Beginners3G4G
An introductory training on 5G for newbies available on Udemy - http://bit.ly/udemy5G
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Beginners: Introduction to 5G Reduced Capability (RedCap) Devices3G4G
A quick introduction to new 3GPP Release-17 feature called RedCap or Reduced Capability New Radio devices. This feature was earlier called NR-Light / NR-Lite and is sometimes referred to as Low Complexity NR devices.
This tutorial looks at why this is needed, how is it different from the existing 5G requirements for eMBB, URLLC & mMTC, and why can't 4G be used instead of 5G for this feature.
We will also look at some of the proposals for enhancement of RedCap that are being discussed for 5G-Advanced in 3GPP Release-18
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
The slides givews an overview of the Ericsson 5G training program for 2018, including fundamentals as well as technical overviews of 5G Core and 5G RAN.
Presented by Andy Sutton, Principal Network Architect - Chief Architect’s Office, TSO, BT at IET "Towards 5G Mobile Technology – Vision to Reality" seminar on 25th Jan 2017
Shared with permission
This beginners tutorial attempts to explain Mobile Network Total Cost of Ownership or (TCO). TCO is very important concept for mobile networks they use this to ascertain how much the network will cost so that they can decide what they should charge and how much money could make.
This tutorial is more biased towards RAN as it is the biggest cost factor and plays an increasingly important role in the TCO optimization.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
This tutorial has been designed for audiences with a need to understand the LTE technology basics in very simple terms. This tutorial will give you enough understanding on LTE technology from where you can take yourself at higher level of expertise.
Radio Design Webinar: Optimising Your 700 MHz Deployments3G4G
Radio Design (https://radiodesign.eu/) hosted a webinar on 19th Nov 2020 focused on the deployment of the 700 MHz frequency band. This new 700 MHz spectrum is in great demand across the world, mainly due to its long anticipated use as low band 5G spectrum. The webinar explores the potential of this band, as well as how to prepare for potential challenges when deploying.
This #RadioDesign webinar is shared with permission. The speakers and agenda as follows:
Radio Design’s founder – Eric Hawthorn – kicks things off by analysing the benefits of deploying the 700 MHz band in the real world, before passing over to Global Engineering Director – Steve Shaw – who explores some of the technical problems which can arise, as well as some of the solutions. Last but not least, COO and co-owner of Keima – Iris Barcia – provides her insight into the benefits of deploying the 700 MHz band.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
One of the common questions that we encounter is why are 5G speeds so low as we were promised 5G downlink speeds of 20 Gbps. Most people do not understand how the 5G speeds are calculated and what do they depend on. In many cases, the network won’t be capable of delivering higher speeds due to some or the other limitation.
In this presentation and video we will look at the real world 5G speeds and try to map it to why these speeds are what they are.
All our #3G4G5G slides, videos, blogs and tutorials are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
6G and Beyond-5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/6G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
3G4G Website – https://www.3g4g.co.uk/
3G4G Blog – https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/
Telecoms Infrastructure Blog – https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/
Operator Watch Blog – https://www.operatorwatch.com/
Connectivity Technology Blog – https://www.connectivity.technology/
Free 5G Training – https://www.free5gtraining.com/
Free 6G Training – https://www.free6gtraining.com/
Beginners: Energy Consumption in Mobile Networks - RAN Power Saving Schemes3G4G
This tutorial looks at energy consumption in the mobile networks, especially 4G and 5G and looks at various ways in which the vendors and standards are working on to reduce the power consumption.
At a high level, there are three layers of optimisation: Network level, Site level and Equipment level. This presentation looks at some of the ways the optimisation is achieved.
There is a long list of references available for anyone interested in researching this topic further.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
A detailed look at what is meant by private networks, why do we need them and why the sudden interest in them. Also discussed is the 3GPP defined 5G Non-Public Networks (NPN), they architecture, implementation, pros and cons. In addition RAN sharing and Campus Networks are also discussed with regards to where they fit in the private networks.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Beginners: Different Types of RAN Architectures - Distributed, Centralized & ...3G4G
In this basic tutorial we look at different types of RAN architectures that are always being discussed. We start with the Distributed RAN (D-RAN) and then look at Centralized and Cloud RAN (both referred to as C-RAN) architectures. We also quickly look at RAN functional splits for 5G and then tie this all together.
We also look at how Samsung and Nokia discuss these architectures in the context of 5G.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
Open RAN Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/OpenRAN/
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
3GPP Packet Core Towards 5G Communication SystemsOfinno
This presentation provides an overview of 3GPP packet core and 5G systems. Some enabler features are outlined, such as network slicing. This presentation was prepared for the 20th Annual International Conference on Next Generation Internet and Related Technologies Net-Centric 2017 that was held at George Mason University.
It was a great pleasure having this presentation presented at the Tehran 5G Conference in Iran this October, 2016. It kick started my thinking & analysis of the economics of 5G, While 5G have many great technology promises, a lot have to happen with our business models and economics to also cash in on those promises. Enjoy this presentation and stay tuned for many more on this important topic.
A special thanks to Minoo Abedi who presented this work at the conference in Tehran.
Mobile spectrum and network evolution to 2025 slides coleago - 24 mar 21Coleago Consulting
A review for telecoms regulators and operators of key global developments, insights, trends, and best international practices, to inform future spectrum policy and management and operator strategies.
A short presentation looking at different ways in which mobile cellular network sharing is done. Different options including MORAN (Multiple Operator Radio Access Network), MOCN (Multiple Operator Core Network) and GWCN (Gateway Core Network) are discussed.
Part 6: Standalone and Non-Standalone 5G - 5G for Absolute Beginners3G4G
An introductory training on 5G for newbies available on Udemy - http://bit.ly/udemy5G
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Beginners: Introduction to 5G Reduced Capability (RedCap) Devices3G4G
A quick introduction to new 3GPP Release-17 feature called RedCap or Reduced Capability New Radio devices. This feature was earlier called NR-Light / NR-Lite and is sometimes referred to as Low Complexity NR devices.
This tutorial looks at why this is needed, how is it different from the existing 5G requirements for eMBB, URLLC & mMTC, and why can't 4G be used instead of 5G for this feature.
We will also look at some of the proposals for enhancement of RedCap that are being discussed for 5G-Advanced in 3GPP Release-18
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
The slides givews an overview of the Ericsson 5G training program for 2018, including fundamentals as well as technical overviews of 5G Core and 5G RAN.
Presented by Andy Sutton, Principal Network Architect - Chief Architect’s Office, TSO, BT at IET "Towards 5G Mobile Technology – Vision to Reality" seminar on 25th Jan 2017
Shared with permission
This beginners tutorial attempts to explain Mobile Network Total Cost of Ownership or (TCO). TCO is very important concept for mobile networks they use this to ascertain how much the network will cost so that they can decide what they should charge and how much money could make.
This tutorial is more biased towards RAN as it is the biggest cost factor and plays an increasingly important role in the TCO optimization.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
This tutorial has been designed for audiences with a need to understand the LTE technology basics in very simple terms. This tutorial will give you enough understanding on LTE technology from where you can take yourself at higher level of expertise.
Radio Design Webinar: Optimising Your 700 MHz Deployments3G4G
Radio Design (https://radiodesign.eu/) hosted a webinar on 19th Nov 2020 focused on the deployment of the 700 MHz frequency band. This new 700 MHz spectrum is in great demand across the world, mainly due to its long anticipated use as low band 5G spectrum. The webinar explores the potential of this band, as well as how to prepare for potential challenges when deploying.
This #RadioDesign webinar is shared with permission. The speakers and agenda as follows:
Radio Design’s founder – Eric Hawthorn – kicks things off by analysing the benefits of deploying the 700 MHz band in the real world, before passing over to Global Engineering Director – Steve Shaw – who explores some of the technical problems which can arise, as well as some of the solutions. Last but not least, COO and co-owner of Keima – Iris Barcia – provides her insight into the benefits of deploying the 700 MHz band.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
One of the common questions that we encounter is why are 5G speeds so low as we were promised 5G downlink speeds of 20 Gbps. Most people do not understand how the 5G speeds are calculated and what do they depend on. In many cases, the network won’t be capable of delivering higher speeds due to some or the other limitation.
In this presentation and video we will look at the real world 5G speeds and try to map it to why these speeds are what they are.
All our #3G4G5G slides, videos, blogs and tutorials are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
6G and Beyond-5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/6G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
3G4G Website – https://www.3g4g.co.uk/
3G4G Blog – https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/
Telecoms Infrastructure Blog – https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/
Operator Watch Blog – https://www.operatorwatch.com/
Connectivity Technology Blog – https://www.connectivity.technology/
Free 5G Training – https://www.free5gtraining.com/
Free 6G Training – https://www.free6gtraining.com/
Beginners: Energy Consumption in Mobile Networks - RAN Power Saving Schemes3G4G
This tutorial looks at energy consumption in the mobile networks, especially 4G and 5G and looks at various ways in which the vendors and standards are working on to reduce the power consumption.
At a high level, there are three layers of optimisation: Network level, Site level and Equipment level. This presentation looks at some of the ways the optimisation is achieved.
There is a long list of references available for anyone interested in researching this topic further.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
A detailed look at what is meant by private networks, why do we need them and why the sudden interest in them. Also discussed is the 3GPP defined 5G Non-Public Networks (NPN), they architecture, implementation, pros and cons. In addition RAN sharing and Campus Networks are also discussed with regards to where they fit in the private networks.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Beginners: Different Types of RAN Architectures - Distributed, Centralized & ...3G4G
In this basic tutorial we look at different types of RAN architectures that are always being discussed. We start with the Distributed RAN (D-RAN) and then look at Centralized and Cloud RAN (both referred to as C-RAN) architectures. We also quickly look at RAN functional splits for 5G and then tie this all together.
We also look at how Samsung and Nokia discuss these architectures in the context of 5G.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
Open RAN Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/OpenRAN/
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
3GPP Packet Core Towards 5G Communication SystemsOfinno
This presentation provides an overview of 3GPP packet core and 5G systems. Some enabler features are outlined, such as network slicing. This presentation was prepared for the 20th Annual International Conference on Next Generation Internet and Related Technologies Net-Centric 2017 that was held at George Mason University.
It was a great pleasure having this presentation presented at the Tehran 5G Conference in Iran this October, 2016. It kick started my thinking & analysis of the economics of 5G, While 5G have many great technology promises, a lot have to happen with our business models and economics to also cash in on those promises. Enjoy this presentation and stay tuned for many more on this important topic.
A special thanks to Minoo Abedi who presented this work at the conference in Tehran.
Delivered at the Network & Services Management Conference in Bonn, Germany on December 6th 2016. It comprises Deutsche Telekom's strategy and vision as it relates to real time network & services management and aggressive automation through AI and applied machine learning. It is fairly high-level but does include reference for further study and read-up, particular towards IETF and RTC publications.
3G and LTE Enterprise Small Cell Architecture 2016David Chambers
Webinar slides with presentations from David Chamber/ThinkSmallCell and Amit Jain/Spidercloud contrasting the various Enterprise small cell architectures.
The webinar considered building size segmentation, 3G/4G technology mix, alternative approaches for distributed radio and controller functions, with a forward looking section covering LAA, MulteFire and shared spectrum
A Q&A session touched on the impact of Wi-Fi, how Enterprise IT departments look at co-existence of LTE/Wi-Fi, and whether small cells can be used to provide full multi-operator service.
increasing the number of mobile firms can reduce welfareroberto ercole
slides from Policy Tracker presentation on how the number of mobile operators (and the policies to encourage new entrants) might reduce overall economic welfare.
5G World presentation ExCel, London 11th June 19roberto ercole
A presentation on the regulatory and business challenges to promote 5G take-up at the 5G World event in London.
The presentation looks at how expensive it might be to deploy a full wide-area 5G network and how spectrum auction fees relate to that. It also looks at what can be done to encourage mobile coverage in rural areas where there is no commercial incentive.
Deutscher Telekommunikationsmarkt nach Abschluss der Frequenzauktion: Finanzi...EY
Die 5G-Lizenzen sind mit 6,5 Mrd. € deutlich über den Preiserwartungen (ca. 4,0 Mrd. €) vergeben und nun? Wie können die Käufer den Erwartungen und Verpflichtungen gerecht werden? Insights dazu in unserer aktuellen Studie.
The new role of Governments in deregulated telecom markets. Who is responsibl...Agustin Argelich Casals
Conference of Mr. Georges Mokhbat at 14th Diada de les Telecomunicacions de Catalunya
The new role of Governments in deregulated telecom markets. Who is responsible for “Digital Highways”
In the past, we’ve seen a regular 10 year technology refresh with 2G, 3G and 4G each being added incrementally. Some believe that 5G will follow in the same cycle, although at the moment it remains vague and unpredictable. Others point out that the benefits of each new generation – mainly increasing spectral efficiency and releasing new spectrum – are reaching their full potential. This has been a key argument for small cell deployment, which increases capacity through frequency reuse without the need for additional spectrum or spectral efficiencies.
examining the deployment options mobile opcos have in moving rom 4 to 5G. Looking at how these options impact on the possible range of 5G services offered. Also analysing how to reduce deployment costs by using a single rural opco model.
According to requirements for 5G networks from various domains the upcoming 5G services are all about needs for high speed, ubiquitous availability, high reliability and ultra-low latency. The prevailing dilemmas operators are facing today are how to become great in customer satisfaction, what sort of services and applications to offer to residential, business and industrial users, and how to monetize these services and increase Average Revenue Per User. The proposed technology enablers and built-in intelligence in multi-access/metro, edge and core networks within a coherent ecosystem of ICT and other industrial and governmental sectors are of key success factors. These technologies enable applications and services to be efficiently coupled with networks and information flows. We also tackle intensively the efficiency of different ownership models of the networks, business processes and automation, and encourage innovation and change in business models that bring the transformation of economics and social interactions. As standards and regulations have always been on the frontier of our work, we actively follow the ongoing 5G work carried out by main standardization bodies and open source communities, and use numerous results of their work.
Similar to Fundamentals of Mobile Network Sharing (20)
I had the pleasure to provide this keynote at Deutsche Telekom AG Spectrum Summit 2022, talking about the enterprise value of being the best mobile network in a market or the word, as well as what it takes to make it to the top of the top mobile networks in the world.
I great privilege to end Ampleon Technical Conference 2021 (Nijmegen, Netherlands) with a keynote contribution on what makes Telco tick and more on what to expect from real 5G. It was as well more than 20 years since I had seen many of my old Philips colleagues (now Ampleon) which made this event very special for me as well. Of course, also super cool to see the innovation level and relevance to our deployed RAN infrastructure.
Keynote presentation at Day 2 Telecoms Europe 5G Conference. Describing, my view of the 5G standalone deployment dynamics, best timing and what benefits to customers and ourselves (MNOs) to expect. I genuinely believe that to have a successful 5G Core SA deployment we need to learn from New IT cloud native transformation journeys.
Contribution to Informa's Telco AI World Summit 2020, talking about driving data-powered innovation and automation at pace and scale. Looking Telco automation and AI frameworks working towards Zero Touch (autonomous network operations) with Zero Defects and Zero Complaints. If you are interested in a copy or want to discuss furher don't be shy reach out.
I developed this presentation to discuss the framework for automation and autonomic operations in particular in the Finance domain. It is high level introductory but includes guidance of how to best select AI and RPA projects with higher implementation success rates. If you are interested in a copy dont be shy! Reach out!
I gave this presentation at Deutsche Telekom AG's Digital Ethics Conference in Bonn on March 13 2019. It provides the background for how biases may occur in machine learning systems and what may go wrong if not corrected (or minimized).
This collection of slides are meant as a starting point and tutorial for the ones who want to understand AI Ethics and in particular the challenges around bias and fairness. Furthermore, I have also included studies on how we as humans perceive AI influence in our private as well as working lives.
My keynote from this weeks (June 12, 2018) 5G World conference in London. I focus here on AI for Telcos and in particular what can be done in the network and IT parts of the network. Making the point that there remains a lot of low hanging fruits which are simpler and easier to solve than present day image and NLP challenges. It is amazing how much you can do with fairly simple ML architectures with out going to state-of-art DL frameworks.
Had the great privilege to deliver this presentation at one of Europe's finest alternative tech conferences. Enjoyed it immensely. Check it out http://brainbar.com/#speakers and join next year!
Keynote presentation at our Magyar Telekom "AI for Everyone" conference in Budapest at 21st of March 2017.
You will find a the blog companion here: https://aistrategyblog.com/ which provides insights into how we humans perceive AI. Enjoy the read if you get there.
If you would like to have the presentation or have any questions please get in touch, don't be shy!
My presentation on the road to 5G at the 24th EMEA CTO Telecoms Forum. January 29th 2018, Berlin, Germany. 5G and AI has nothing to do with magic. They are real technologies. Why wait for 5G? Get started on LTE and on the path of conversion. Why AI, or more accurately machine learning, and intelligent automation is going to be crucial for managing an increasingly complex networked ultra-converged technology landscape.
If you want a copy please dont be a strange get in touch!
This presentation was given at our Big Data Days Event. The presentation provides a comprehensive (albeit high level) view of the important parts of Big Data in Network Technology.
Inspirational talk on AI (artificial intelligence) and machine learning, i.e., how to give birth to an AI. Introductory and intentionally kept simple for non experts and non technical executives. Care should be taken not too over interpret some of the intentional simplified statements in the presentation.
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence. Not complex and should be relative easy to follow. Be aware that due to its high levelness (and no voice over) some care should be taken by the simplified examples used.
I have for some time worked on training notes (eventually a book) that particular targets the un-initiated or persons / companies interested in understanding how Telco works and thinks. Particular focusing on Economics and Business Models.
These notes where used in a recent training I gave in Myanmar and as such many of the examples are particular to Myanmar.
For the initiated this is likely going to be too easy and sometimes even feel like cheating (just a bit).
Stay tuned as I will be updating these particular slides frequently and as I tailor make them for particular requests or interests.
In case you are interested in the actual training get in touch.
Keynote delivered at European CTO Telecoms Forum looking at Telco World beyond the initial roll-out and path to 5G. Will Marketing lapfrog out of the Access-based thinking and really sell what Technology enable with converged broadband networks, cloud and visualization supporting IoT, Industry 4.0, Connected Car@s (or X in general) and so forth.
If you are interested in the slide or discussions related to the content, don't be a stranger, get in touch!
My Wi-Fi & Small Cell MENA presentation delivered 27th of October 2014 in Dubai.
If you want a copy don't hesitate to contact me and don't miss out on my blog either www.techneconomyblog.com ... which have a lot more prose around the nice pics! ;-)
Many of the topics addressed in this presentation can also be found in explained in more detail at my Blog http://techneconomyblog.com/
Gave this presentation at the Telecoms World Middle East 2014, 29th September. Had a lot of fun putting this work together and got me thinking a lot about the future of networking and the challenges we (Telcos) will be facing in preparing our networks for the next thing. This is a bout the Next Thing although its in reality "hitting" us now.
Have fun and Enjoy!
In case you have any questions or comments don't hesitate to get back to me.
I enjoyed giving my "Small Cell Economics" presentation at the Small Cell MENA Conference in Dubai (October 7th, 2013). You will (or might) find this one particular provoking (even for me) but please bear in mind that the last thing I want is for you to think that Small Cells doesn't work or can be a great tool ... rather I like you to work on how to solve some of the problematic scaling issues in large-scale small cell networks.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
2. Why sharing a part or all of the mobile network?
Between 40% to 50% of sites are low or no profitable (“the ugly tail”)
Frees up cash to be spend in areas that matters (“Save for Growth”).
Effective Opex & Capex measure increasing operational efficiencies.
Increased network quality for a lot less than standalone (“Best network”).
Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals 2
3. Network sharing boils down to 4 major considerations.
Who to share with? (your equal, your better or your worse or all)
What to share? (sites, passive, active, frequencies)
Where to share? (rural, sub-urban, urban, all, etc.)
How to share? (“the legal stuff”)
Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals 3
4. Mobile Emerging markets – growth slowing down.
Revenue 2009 – 2012 + 48% pa.
Revenue 2012 – 2017 9% pa.
Opex 2012 – 2017 + 12% pa.
& 3G has to get started
- Top-line pressure (voice & sms).
- Opex pressure.
MEA Example
Emerging Market Growth on expense of profitability
Long-term development troublesome.
134
%
88
% 111
%
76
%
68
%
112
%
55
%
60
%
60
%
10
%
20
%
25
%
Mob
%
3G
%
4Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
5. Tellabs global study1 …The End-of-Profit.
The end to the mobile-only business model as we know it?
Mobile carrier study
“End-to-Profit” (Tellabs study).
Business
model
breakdown
Mounting cash
pressure
• Risk of End-of-Profit next 5 years?
• Un-managed mobile data demand.
•Short-term price-plans wo long-term view.
What can be learned?
Causes:
- Modernization pressure.
- Exponential data growth.
- Capacity Crunch.
- Need for more spectrum.
- LTE introduction.
- Revenue slow down.
- Decline of legacy business.
- Increased competition as market
saturate.
- Increased cost.
5Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
6. Europe 2020 … A soft landing?
Europe Mobile Revenue
Europe Mobile Opex
Europe Mobile Ebitda
2008
2002
2020
37%
38%
Just prior to crisis
2005
35%
31%
38%
2010
-15%
+15%
CAGR 0.8%
CAGR 1.9%
Total Revenue
Technology Cost (ca. 15% – 20%)
Usage Cost−
Market Invest SAC & SRC
−
= EBITDA (WEU ca. 37% 1)
Personnel Cost
Other Cost
−
−
−
Network Depreciation−
Spectrum Amortization−
Capex (new rollout < +10+% of Revenue)−
1 BoA ML Global Wireless Matrix 1Q11, margin data for 4Q 2010.
Spectrum invest (0.8 – 0.05 € per MHz-Pop)−
Red color represent Technology driven cost
+ New Revenue?
Defend philosophy!
Stop / Slow Revenue Decline
New business!?
QoS, LTE, IoT, Media, FM
C, …
Efficiency game
Optimize: Defend / Slow
Ebitda Decline
Increased cash pressure
New technology /
Modernize
The Hunt for $30+Bn
1.9%
0.8%
CAGR 13%
Max 30+%
6Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen , Network Sharing Fundamentals.
7. Mobile broadband journey … be prepared.
The lessons learned from mature markets.
Messaging revenue decline (particular for Smartphones & OTT)
Voice revenue decline (faster than data revenue uptake)
Cash and margin pressure from new technology introduction.
7Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
9. So why should you share your network?
9Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
10. Going Dutch – converging to “The rule of Three”.
Initial discussion with Orange NL started in mid-2001.
JV operational from mid 2002 to 2004.
- Site & ancillary sharing.
- Common plan & build organization.
- No common procurement.
JV closed down in YE 2004.
- Staff resistance (them vs us)
- Different strategic objectives.
- TMNL decides no need for ancillary sharing.
- More economical to share own infrastructure than common.
Oct 2007 T-Mobile acquire Orange; network consolidation started.
Nov 2008 all Orange customers were migrated to T-Mobile’s radio network
2001 - 2004: 3G sharing – Capex avoidance strategy.
13Kim KyllesbechLarsen, TechnologyEconomics– Deutsche Telecom
Kim KyllesbechLarsen, Technology- T-Mobile. 15
T-Mobile US – Cingular – The GSM Factory.
Geographical GSM RAN sharing agreement.
T-Mobile US (via JV) responsible for NYC Metro areas.
Population ca. 22+M
#Base Stations ca. 2,300 (at time of breakup).
Cingular (via JV) responsible for California/Nevada areas.
Population ca. 40+M (TMUS had 1.7M subs @ breakup in CA/NV)
#Base Stations ca. 5,000 (at time of breakup).
Venture discontinued in 2004 with Cingular – AT&T Wireless merger.
TMUS pays (net) $2.3B for California/Nevada + add spectrum optionality.
TMUS forced to spin-off 10MHz in NYC Metro markets (very painful!).
Nationwide roaming agreement.
2001 – 2004: Regional GSM Sharing JV.
Deutsche Telekom sharing examples (1 of 4).
T-Mobile– Orange NL merger… 2008 – 2009.
Price of Orange NL was ca. €1.3B or ca. €600 per customer.
One single network by 2010 with
- Ca. 5,000 fewer radio nodes and
- Ca.3,300 (ca. 50%) fewer site locations.
Securing future competitive growth.
leveraging on higher spectral efficiency by consolidating.
On track to deliver synergies in excess of €1+B by 2013 (in time & money).
14Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Technology Economics – Deutsche Telecom
2008 Acquisition.
TMUK – H3G 3G RAN sharing – more for less.
2007: Joint venture design, plan & build-co MBNL Ltd.
TMUK adds 3,000 – 5,000 3G Node-Bs that would otherwise not have been
financially/economical feasible.
Common 3G plan & build organization (MBNL Ltd).
Positive TMUK EBITDA net of £50m (ca. 4% “run-rate” avoidance).
– H3G benefits from faster and much more efficient deployment .
Positive annual Capex benefit of £79m by 2012 (18% “run-rate” avoidance).
– H3G capital benefits far in excess of £0.5B (estimated saving & avoidance).
Substantial site lease cost savings and cash prevention expected.
– From 2011 and onwards.
16Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Technology Economics – Deutsche Telecom
T-Mobile– Orange UK Network JV.
1 single network by 2014ish with 30%-40% denser grid than standalone.
- Starting point a network of 14,000 sites, today the end-game is 18,500.
Total 9,000 site locations will be terminated (33% reduction)
Leveraging higher spectral efficiency by consolidation.
Large and readily achievable synergies in both Network & IT.
Significant synergies with NPV in excess of £3.5 bn.
- Opex run-rate synergies ca. 35% (on relevant cost!)
- Capex “run-rate” synergies up-to 25%.
Integration & termination cost of up-to £1.2 bn.
EE has the BIGGEST mobile network(s) in UK which will remain so even
after consolidation and integration has been finalized.
2009: EE Network (ad)Venture – The BIGGEST Network in UK!
17Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Technology Economics – Deutsche Telecom
10Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
11. Deutsche Telekom sharing examples (2 of 4).
Going Dutch – converging to “The rule of Three”.
Initial discussion with Orange NL started in mid-2001.
JV operational from mid 2002 to 2004.
- Site & ancillary sharing.
- Common plan & build organization.
- No common procurement.
JV closed down in YE 2004.
- Staff resistance (them vs us)
- Different strategic objectives.
- TMNL decides no need for ancillary sharing.
- More economical to share own infrastructure than common.
Oct 2007 T-Mobile acquire Orange; network consolidation started.
Nov 2008 all Orange customers were migrated to T-Mobile’s radio network
2001 - 2004: 3G sharing – Capex avoidance strategy.
13Kim KyllesbechLarsen, TechnologyEconomics– Deutsche Telecom
T-Mobile– Orange NL merger… 2008 – 2009.
Price of Orange NL was ca. €1.3B or ca. €600 per customer.
One single network by 2010 with
- Ca. 5,000 fewer radio nodes and
- Ca.3,300 (ca. 50%) fewer site locations.
Securing future competitive growth.
leveraging on higher spectral efficiency by consolidating.
On track to deliver synergies in excess of €1+B by 2013 (in time & money).
14Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Technology Economics – Deutsche Telecom
2008 Acquisition.
11Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
12. Kim KyllesbechLarsen, Technology- T-Mobile. 15
T-Mobile US – Cingular – The GSM Factory.
Geographical GSM RAN sharing agreement.
T-Mobile US (via JV) responsible for NYC Metro areas.
Population ca. 22+M
#Base Stations ca. 2,300 (at time of breakup).
Cingular (via JV) responsible for California/Nevada areas.
Population ca. 40+M (TMUS had 1.7M subs @ breakup in CA/NV)
#Base Stations ca. 5,000 (at time of breakup).
Venture discontinued in 2004 with Cingular – AT&T Wireless merger.
TMUS pays (net) $2.3B for California/Nevada + add spectrum optionality.
TMUS forced to spin-off 10MHz in NYC Metro markets (very painful!).
Nationwide roaming agreement.
2001 – 2004: Regional GSM Sharing JV.
Deutsche Telekom sharing examples (3 of 4).
12Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
13. Deutsche Telekom sharing examples (4 of 4).
TMUK – H3G 3G RAN sharing – more for less.
2007: Joint venture design, plan & build-co MBNL Ltd.
TMUK adds 3,000 – 5,000 3G Node-Bs that would otherwise not have been
financially/economical feasible.
Common 3G plan & build organization (MBNL Ltd).
Positive TMUK EBITDA net of £50m (ca. 4% “run-rate” avoidance).
– H3G benefits from faster and much more efficient deployment .
Positive annual Capex benefit of £79m by 2012 (18% “run-rate” avoidance).
– H3G capital benefits far in excess of £0.5B (estimated saving & avoidance).
Substantial site lease cost savings and cash prevention expected.
– From 2011 and onwards.
16Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Technology Economics – Deutsche Telecom
T-Mobile– Orange UK Network JV.
1 single network by 2014ish with 30%-40% denser grid than standalone.
- Starting point a network of 14,000 sites, today the end-game is 18,500.
Total 9,000 site locations will be terminated (33% reduction)
Leveraging higher spectral efficiency by consolidation.
Large and readily achievable synergies in both Network & IT.
Significant synergies with NPV in excess of £3.5 bn.
- Opex run-rate synergies ca. 35% (on relevant cost!)
- Capex “run-rate” synergies up-to 25%.
Integration & termination cost of up-to £1.2 bn.
EE has the BIGGEST mobile network(s) in UK which will remain so even
after consolidation and integration has been finalized.
2009: EE Network (ad)Venture – The BIGGEST Network in UK!
17Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Technology Economics – Deutsche Telecom
13Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
14. Vodafone sharing examples.
Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Technology - T-Mobile. 18
Vodafone – Orange sharing … 2007.
Rural Area / Geographical sharing.
National roaming like sharing concept with joint field services.
Rural areas with population of less than 25,000 pops.
Ca. 1,500 Node-Bs where shared by YE2007 with max 5,000 by YE2009.
Venture frozen in 2009 as VF announced sharing deal with Telefonica.
Network sharing agreement in Spain and Romania.
(i.e., VF-Europe Opex in 2008 was £16.4 bn and TF-Europe 2008 Opex was in the order of £13 bn).
Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Technology - T-Mobile. 19
Vodafone – Telefonica sharing … 2008.
Passive RAN network site sharing.
Traffic managed independently of each other.
Customers expected to benefit from improved coverage.
Benefits in the order of ”hundreds of million” £ for both over next 10 years.
Today (May 2012) they share 4,000 site locations.
Network sharing agreements for Germany, Ireland and the UK
with detailed discussions ongoing in the Czech Republic.
(i.e., VF-Europe Opex in 2008 was £16.4 bn and TF-Europe 2008 Opex was in the order of £13 bn).
Vodafone – Telefonica sharing … 2012.
Passive sharing including backhaul.
Common Build JV, planning & design separately.
1 single network by 2015 with doubling the site count to standalone.
- Each has ca. 10,300 sites today with shared end-game of 18,500.
Total of ca. 2,000+ site locations will be terminated (10% reduction).
Geographical (50%-50%) sharing (i.e., London halved).
No Frequency sharing.
Individual supplier relationships (missing out on procurement scale?).
Massive Opex and Capex avoidance.
This is NOT an Opex reduction game but rather matching EE super-grid.
Getting a lot more for less …. Capex & Opex avoidance.
20Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Technology Economics – Deutsche Telecom
14Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen
15. The Good and The Ugly.
Recipe for successful merger (or network sharing) and is matching technology
landscape and strategic outlook. Matching spectrum position and network grid are
much more valuable (short-term) for synergies than complementary spectrum.
Sprint - NextelAT&T – Cingular merger
Matching technology landscape and strategic outlook.
Good complementary spectrum (high grid match).
Fairly symmetric & matching business structures and
models.
Mismatch in technology landscape & strategic outlook.
Complementary spectrum but relative low grid match.
Very different business structures and models.
Dominated by Nextel
15Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen
16. Expectation management – the full sharing potential.
Total Opex
100%
Technology Opex
NT 14%
RAN
saving
RAN 7%
Cluster Opex
40%
Illustration
Expect up-to 35% saving on Tech Opex
Up-to 5% on Total Corporate Opex
Termination cost 1.5 – 3+ × of Opex savings
Integration Capex synergetic with BaU Capex
Instant Cell split potential Enhanced Capacity
Spectral efficiency gains (>10%+)
16Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen
17. Rollout Phase
UK: 3G T-Mobile – 3 UK
Steady State
UK. T-Mobile UK – Orange JV (EE Ltd).
Stages of sharing benefits.
The best sharing strategy depends on the business cycle and
technology age.
High Capex prevention.
Opex prevention.
Cash optimized startup.
Best network.
Little Capex benefits.
Opex savings.
Significant write-off.
High re-structuring cost.
Extended coverage.
High Capex prevention.
Opex savings.
Minor write-off.
Re-structuring cost.
Instant cell split.
Better network.
< 5 years 5+ years
UMTS - GSMLTE
> 5+ years
UMTS
Passive sharing: Site Lease & Civil Works,
Mast/Tower sharing, Ancillary & Rack sharing, and Backhaul Sharing.
Active sharing: e.g., Frequencies, TRXs, PAs, Baseband, CPU, ports, ….
Modernization
Poland: PTC – Orange incl. LTE
GSM – UMTS
(LTE piggybacking)
Illustration
17Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
18. Restructure cost
can be
significant.
Although contract
termination can
be less costly
due to longer
operational
period.
Termination
•Site lease.
•Site restoration.
•Service
Contracts.
•Personnel cost
Other
•JV overhead
•Legal, etc..
Restructuring
cost can be low if
little legacy
infrastructure is
present.
If decision for
network sharing
is taken in the
renewal /
obsolescence
phase write-off
exposure can be
relative light both
for equipment
and site-build.
As most of the
network has
been deployed at
this stage the
write-off
exposure can be
significant even if
equipment can
be re-used.
Relative low
exposure if little
legacy
infrastructure is
present.
Economics of RAN sharing benefits.
Rollout Phase
Bulk (>80%) of sites
and nodes to be
deployed.
Steady State
80% of coverage and
sites deployed. Mainly
capacity additions and
coverage maintenance.
Modernization/
Obsolescence
Active element / node
replacement,
technology migration.
Site consolidation.
Passive sharing
• Site build
• Mast
• Rack / Ancillary
Active sharing
• MW/Fiber
• Electronics
• Spectrum
• Resources
Passive sharing
Low Capex level
Active sharing
Passive sharing
Medium Capex level
Active sharing
Substantial Capex
Capex Synergy
= Low = High
Synergy potential
Opex prevention
• Site lease
• Non-telco services
• Telco services
• Energy
• Resources
Opex saving if
absolute number
of site locations
are reduced.
Primarily Opex
prevention in
case of site
number
expansion.
Opex saving if
absolute number
of site locations
are reduced.
Primarily Opex
prevention in
case of site
number
expansion.
OPEX SynergySharing stages Restructure Cost
= Low = HighCost exposure
Write-off
Illustration
18Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
19. 100%50%0%
Sites
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
CumulatedRevenue(Traffic)
The ugly tail … the low profitability areas.
Should drive sharing in low-traffic areas
50% revenue ≈ 10% sites
Low profitability
sites
Top 30% sites ≈ 80% revenue.
50% sites takes
less than 10% revenue
Illustration
Rural-like areasSub-urbanUrban
19Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
20. Frequency
(MHz)
Site
(acq. + build)
Radio
(electronics)
Backhaul
(transport)
Backbone
(transport)
Core
(switch & control)
BSS
(bill & care)
Capex
prevention
Efficiency
enabler
40%-60% < 35% up-to 50% up-to 50%
Partly
possible
Less likely
Opex
prevention
Efficiency
enabler
< 35% ca. 35%
scale
discount
scale
discount
Partly
possible
Less likely
Regulatory
complexity
HIGH LOW LOWER LOWER LOWER HIGH HIGH
Network Sharing can provide better economics and
market timing …
BTS &
NODE-B
eNodeB
BSS
BSS
MNO 1
Core
MNO 2
Core
plmn 1
plmn 2
plmn 1 + plmn 2
(optional)
20Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
21. Anatomy of network sharing.
RAN sharing guaranties competitive differentiation, operator
independency and vast consumer quality improvements.
• Sharing: Costly Radio Access Network infrastructure will be shared,
• Not shared: All core network and service infrastructures that provides respective
customers with differentiated services, applications, handsets, rate plans, etc.
• Result: A network with greater capacity (i.e., instant cell split) and improved coverage.
21Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
22. Network Sharing Strategies
Network sharing.
A mean to close the mobile broadband coverage gap (in CEE).
Substantial improved
coverage, capacity boost and
quality of services to
the consumer at a Quality Level
NOT
economical viable in standalone.
Safe for Service by Sharing.
22Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
• Opex avoidance & savings.
• Substantial Capex avoidance.
• Shared Modernization.
• Shared LTE deployment.
• A Much better network.
Benefits.
UMTSGSM
2G, 3G & LTE RAN incl. BACKHAUL SHARE
CORE CORE
SERVICES SERVICES
BILL PRICE BRAND SALES BILL PRICE BRAND SALES
Rural areas1
LTE SHARING
800, 2100 & 2600 MHz
GSM
900 & 1800
GSM
900 & 1800
2G, 3G & LTE RAN incl. BACKHAUL SHARE
CORE CORE
SERVICES SERVICES
BILL PRICE BRAND SALES BILL PRICE BRAND SALES
Urban areas1
UMTS
900 & 2100
Note: frequency bands not to scale!
SHAREDOperator A Operator B
1 Note sharing spectrum between two (or more) MNOs might not be regulatory allowed.
Idealized Illustration
LTE
23. Network sharing flavors …
Capacity limited Coverage limited Rural
Passive sharing.
shared transport (possible).
Independent frequencies.
Active sharing (MOCN1)
Shared transport.
Frequencies sharing.
Geographic sharing.
One frequency sufficient.
Wholesale/cost-sharing.,
HLRHSS
Core Core
HSS
Shared site and passives
Independent BTS, NB, eNB.
BSC
RNC
BSC
RNC
HLRHSS HSS
Shared Radio, aggregation
& frequencies (optional).
CoreCore
BSC
RNC
1 Multi-Operator Core Network supporting RAN Sharing, (*) For LTE there is no BSC/RNC, core networks connected directly to the eNode-B.
Site sharing (*) RAN Sharing (*) National Roaming (*)
HLRHSS HSS
BSC
RNC
BSC
RNC
Core Core
Wholesale arrangement,
geographical partnership.
23Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
24. Common Frequency Sharing…
Solution for low-demand, rural areas and symmetric demand scenarios.
Frequency pooling (*)
HLRHLR
1 operator share its
spectrum with others.
Multiple operators pool their
spectrum assets together
and share total spectrum.
HLR
Shared Freq., Radio & aggregation.
CoreCore
1 MORAN = Multi-Operator Radio Access Network sharing of all active electronics with exception of
frequencies. 2 MOCN = Multi-Operator Core Network = two core networks connected to 1 frequency. (*) For
3G network core networks connect to the RNC that then connects to the Node-B.
...
...
3GPP Release 8, 2009 (earliest) onwards with the following sharing
concepts:
Gateway Core Network (GWCN) shared core network (CN) (multiple CNs
connected to a common core, connected to the shared RAN).
MOCN: Multi-Operator Core Network where only the RAN is shared (i.e.,
NO common CN).
Introduction of Iu Flex allowing multiple CNs connecting to shared RAN.
Multiple core networks connected to a common radio access
network (RAN) sharing a single frequency or a pool of frequencies.
Service requirements & capabilities not limited by the sharing
requirements (i.e., resides in core network or service creation
platforms above the core network).
Requires user equipment support (i.e., R8 or later).
Non-supporting user equipment will ignore the broadcast system
information related to sharing functionality.
Fairly complex coordination issues on resource allocation among
sharing parties, making this concept more interesting for low-traffic
rural areas (where demand is no issue) or highly asymmetric
traffic situations.
Shared IP
backhaul
eNode-B
LTE
24Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
25. Network components mapped to network layers.
The deeper into the network infrastructure is shared the more the sharing
concept will appear as a merger or NetCo concept.
Radio Access
Network
CS & PS
Network
VAS
Network
Signaling
Network
IT & CS
Network
Spectrum /
Frequencies
GSM BTS
GSM BSC
GSM TRX
3G Node-B
3G RNC
3G Carrier & Channel
elements
e-Node-B (LTE RAN)
Backhaul (MW & LL)
Routers, switches and
multiplexing
SW Licenses &
features.
NMS & operations.
Etc.
Classical MSC/VLR
R4 MSC Server &
Gateway
Multiplexing
GGSN & SGSN
(packet core).
Evolved Packet Core.
IP networks (routers,
FW, etc..)
Backbone transport
Interconnect
NMS & operations.
Etc.
Classical HLR
NG HLR
IN platform
Interconnect
NMS & operations
Etc.
SMSC
MMSC
VMS
WAP
Portals
3rd party content
NMS & operations
Etc…
Billing system
Rating
Mediation
CRM
SAP/Finance
systems.
Business Intelligence.
Call center systems
(call routing, ..)
OSS
IT Operations.
Etc.
Note: above categorization is guiding but not fully un-ambiguous.
Network Sharing
Network Merger – Netco concept
25Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
26. Why one should NOT commence Network Sharing.
2 out of 3 NS deals considered are put on ice again!
Divest / Spin-off / merger
very complex
Complex Governance
Technology mismatch
26Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
27. Rural Tower & RAN Sharing scenario (illustration)
Doing much more for a lot less refocus cash on areas that matters
Dismantling of surplus
Tower locations
650 SRAN
(new)
Shared Single
RAN deployment
650 SRAN
Shared
MNO1
650 Towers
Consolidated
MNO2
Tower
JV
500 Towers 500 Towers
0 Node-B
500 old BTS
xx% geo coverage yy% geo coverage
0 Node-B
500 old BTS
No Re-use
Consolidation Harmonization
Today
+1.5–2 Years
Towers JV (IPO optionality) Single RAN Sharing (NetCo).
More
RAN
Shared
backbone
Shared
backhaul
More
Towers
NodeB
BTS
MNO2
CN
RNC
BSC
Much better & efficient network!
End-game: 1,000 Towers
MNO1
CN
-350
35%
1,000 Towers
Consolidated
1,000 SRAN
(LTE option) End-game
High Capex Synergies (>50%)
by Joint procurement!
Real Opex saving!
Opex equivalent to 500 Towers (1+1 “=“ ½).
Better quality & more capacity (1 + 1 > 2 effect).
Favorable cash impact compared to standalone
Rural & Sub-urban
Coverage focus ensure
configurationally &
operational simplicity
High Capex & Opex
avoidance, high
ROCE
No frequency sharing!
27Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
28. 3-party rural network sharing (illustration only)
Doing much more for a lot less optimizing cash and margin.
Dismantling of
surplus Tower
locations
800 SRAN LTE
upgrades (new)
Shared Single RAN
deployment
800 SRAN
2&3G + LTE
B
800 Towers
Consolidated
C
Shared
350 Towers 440 Towers
800 SRAN
2&3G Nodes
Consolidation Harmonization
2012
2014
Towers (Rural – Sub-urban Areas). Single RAN (SRAN) Sharing.
Less
RAN
Shared
backbone
Shared
Backhaul
Fewer
Towers
NodeB
BTS
A CN
RNC
BSC
Optimized target
End-game: 1,000 Towers
B CN
-590
~40%
1,000 Towers
Consolidated
1,000 SRAN
Multi-mode End-game
A
600 Towers 350 SRAN
2&3G
440 2G & 3G
Legacy nodes
600 SRAN
2&3G
C CN
eNodeB
• 800 Towers shared by 3.
• 800 whilst effective paying for 267
(1+1+1 “=“ 1/3).
• Improved network with 33% to
130% increase in sites.
• Much improved TCO and ROI.
• Low LTE entry cost and future
modernization cost.
28Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
29. National Roaming boils down to 3 major
considerations.
No Coverage / No Network.
Wholesale Tariff better economics
than Network Cost & Invest.
Long rollout lead-time
National Roaming a timing-bridge.
Under-utilized network.
(“plenty” of capacity)
Wholesale revenue at no or
very little additional Cost and Invest.
Wholesale income more attractive
than risk of competitor network access.
GUEST HOST
29Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
30. Profit & Loss … what to expect
Revenue
Technology Cost
Usage Cost−
Market Invest SAC & SRC
−
= EBITDA
Personnel Cost
Other Cost
−
−
−
Network Depreciation−
Spectrum Amortization−
Capex−
Spectrum invest−
Red color represent Technology driven cost
Revenue
Technology Cost
Usage Cost−
Market Invest SAC & SRC
−
= EBITDA
Personnel Cost
Other Cost
−
−
−
Network Depreciation−
Spectrum Amortization−
Capex−
Spectrum invest−
Red color represent Technology driven cost
Network SharingStandalone
Revenue
Technology Cost
Usage Cost−
Market Invest SAC & SRC
−
= EBITDA
Personnel Cost
Other Cost
−
−
−
Network Depreciation
−
Spectrum Amortization−
Capex−
Spectrum invest−
Red color represent Technology driven cost
National Roaming
Capex prevention
typically re-prioritized.
Opex savings &
prevention
Personnel savings by
resource sharing.
Less depreciation
(& some write-off)
High usage cost jvf.
Wholesale agreement
Personnel savings by
redundancies.
Capex prevention.
Low depreciation charges
(typically high write-off).
Higher Opex savings &
prevention
It is far from obvious that National Roaming should be more economical than
Network Sharing … Structurally it is more complex to get right.
30Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
31. National roaming … another way of sharing.
Why National Roaming?
• 1 party has coverage, the other not.
• per Technology (i.e., GSM-only, UMTS-only, …).
• Different regional spectrum positions.
• Contiguous well-defined network (e.g., 50 to 100s of radio
nodes).
• Often geographical splits
• Can also apply to infrastructure network sharing.
• Time to market.
• Customer experience can be controlled independently by
Roamer.
• Capacity is not an issue for the hosting MNO.
• Attractive economics compared to building network:
• Provides very similar benefits to infrastructure sharing.
• Roaming MNO gets Capex & Opex avoidance, but will have cost
associated with traffic on Hosting network.
• Hosting MNO gets wholesale revenue typically in low-traffic areas with
low or no profitability (i.e., increased utilization & efficiency).
• Regulatory encouragement (or enforcement).
• Relationships tends to be of temporary nature.
• 2G & 3G National Roaming are standardized with working
technical solutions used in several countries between MNO and
MVNO.
Typical Rural
Geographic sharing.
One frequency sufficient.
Wholesale/cost-sharing.,
(*) For LTE there is no BSC/RNC, core networks connected directly to the eNode-B possibly via IP aggregation & switching.
National Roaming (*)
HLRHSS HSS
BSC
RNC
BSC
RNC
Core Core
Wholesale arrangement,
geographical partnership.
OpCo1 Host to OpCo 2 OpCo2 Host to OpCo1
31Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
32. National roaming … many case stories around the world!
Geographic sharing.
One frequency sufficient.
Wholesale/cost-sharing.,
(*) For LTE there is no BSC/RNC, core networks
connected directly to the eNode-B possibly via IP
aggregation & switching.
Typical Rural
National Roaming (*)
HLRHSS HSS
BSC
RNC
BSC
RNC
Core Core
Wholesale arrangement,
geographical partnership.
OpCo1 Host to OpCo 2 OpCo2 Host to OpCo1
I have found2 no examples where an MNO
decommissioned its network for national roaming.
1 Note both AT&T and VERIZON was very much against this FCC ruling as the correctly pointed out that it is very difficult to control & plan for mobile data
traffic and that they were already spectrum constrained and therefore do not have excess capacity. 2 Though I have been part of discussions entertaining
such an idea.
Some examples;
• T-Mobile US (New York) & Cingular (California) – Terminated.
• T-Mobile US 2G roaming on AT&Ts network - Active.
• T-Mobile US 3G roaming on AT&Ts network – Not operational (too complex).
• FCC (US Regulator) issued a ruling (2011) requiring MNOs to sign mobile data
national roaming1 agreements with anyone who asks (at reasonable terms &
conditions … last not been specified by FCC).
• T-Mobile Austria on Hutch 3G network in rural areas – Active.
• Hutch on T-Mobile Austria’s GSM network – Active (decreasing)
• H3G UK on Orange GSM – Active (decreasing).
• O2 Germany, 2G national roaming on Deutsche Telekom GSM network outside their
own 2G coverage (particular rural and sub-urban areas) – Terminated.
• T-Mobile UK and Orange UK mutual national roaming on each other’s 2G networks
extending the coverage for both customer bases – Active.
• Free Mobile (Iliad) in France has a national roaming agreement with Orange. This
agreement covers both 2G and 3G – Active.
• India is likewise (in)famous for many 2G (“3G”) national roaming deals between the
as many mobile MNOs – Active (3G still a regulatory issue).
33. National roaming … can be a flawed business logic!
Why maybe not?
• Firstly, complexity is not so much in the technical area but very much contractual and ensuring
sufficient risk mitigation against operational disruption.
• Regulatory & competition authority issues
• If MNOs setup mutual agreements, Regulator might enforce those agreements onto other interested
parties (i.e., see 2011 FCC Ruling).
• Further Regulator might decide non-compliance with spectrum utilization or conditions of the
roaming party (i.e., its spectrum is no longer in use).
• Decommissioning of existing infrastructure and investments (i.e., write-offs).
• MNOs could financial compensate each other if decom infrastructure would be taken into use by
Hosting MNO.
• Operational risk of relying 100% on the other partners network.
• Compared with network sharing that provides for co-ownership & co-control of network.
• Can be mitigated to some extend in contract and by choosing symmetric areas (i.e., ensuring
symmetric threat levels)
• Can carry very substantial operational risks.
• Change of ownership.
• Bankruptcy.
• QoS & Customer Experience guaranty for 3G mobile data usage very difficult & carries great mutual
risks.
• Change of mind / contractual (even illegal) break-up or non-compliance.
• Tends to be very complex commercial negotiations, resulting contracts, processes and
procedures.
33Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
34. Profitability & cash crunch.
Incumbent spectrum crunch.
MVNO / tier-2&3 MNO appetite.
Other business models …LTE as a Service.
Enablers.
Emerging business models – LTE network factory
Attractive (startup) cost economics.
Relative low Capex – cash optimized.
Increased spectral efficiency & utilization.
Provides.
Option:
Small cell centric
startup and
Capacity as a
Service.
Cash
optimized
startup via
virtualization
& OTT
based
services.
34Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
35. Regulatory support.
Spare Spectrum (i.e., typical Startup).
MNO & MVNO appetite.
Other business models … ultra-efficient transformation.
Enablers.
Emerging business models – piggybacking on Virtualization & Cloud
Data-only QoS transparent network.
Network services to MNO & MVNO.
Dedicated OTT network services.
Provides.
3rd parties
delivers BSS /
OSS cloud
services to
SmartCo (off-
the-shelf)
3rd party, media companies,
MNO/MVNO CDN & SDNs.
3rd parties
(supplier)
delivers core
network
functionality
(i.e., HSS,
PCRF, etc..)
35Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
36. Technology cost and synergy potential.
Illustration
Synergy potential
Mobile ONLY
Share of
Technology Opex
Managed services Network sharing
NT FTE Ca. 10% Typical 20%
HC reduction
Typically Capex
commitment
Min. 20% - 35%
NT Services Ca. 15%
>35% but depends on
network reduction.
Rental & Leasing Ca. 25% - 30%
Good savings
potential, though risk
for future sharing
optionality
>35% but depends on
network reduction.
Transmission
Ca. 5% - 10%
(can be a lot higher if majority
leased transport)
Opex – Capex
trade-off
More Opex – Capex
trade-off
IT FTE 5%
10% - 20%
HC reduction
Opex – Capex
trade-offs
Minor opportunities
<10% due to scale.
IT Services 25%
Minor opportunities
<10% due to scale.
Other 10% - 15% Minimum 10% pa At least 35%
€€€ (€)€€ (€)
Note: Above numbers serve as illustrations only. Different operations may have different Technology Opex distributions..
36Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
37. Key messages.
What we need to be passionate about!
Network sharing provides cost reduction & increased quality.
Utilize technology to achieve the best operational performance
Sharing models for mobile applies to fixed broadband as well.
& don’t forget!
Maybe Even more so!
& increased complexity
RRH, SDR RAN, Single-RAN, FTTS, Virtualization, Cloud, …
& upfront cash needs
don’t over-focus on financial savings!
First things first
37Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
38. Key elements for successful network sharing
CEOs agree with & endorse Network Sharing.
Sharing Partners have similar perceived benefits (win-win feel).
Focus on creating a better network for less.
Both parties share a similar end-goal and similar strategic outlook.
38Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
39. Last but not least.
Do consider that break-up can happen … and be prepared! (“legal stuff”)
Network sharing is a very long term engagement (“for Life”!)
39Dr. Kim Kyllesbech Larsen, Network Sharing Fundamentals.
40. The key value proposition of a mobile network
is ....
Freedom
& Mobility