CPqD, profile picture
Uploaded byCPqD
1,531 views

4G & Beyond – Changes and Challenges

The document discusses the evolution and challenges in broadband wireless mobile access networks beyond LTE-A, highlighting the increasing demand for mobile data and the growth of mobile-connected devices. It emphasizes the need for advanced technologies, efficient spectrum management, and infrastructure improvements to accommodate future demands, particularly for 5G networks. Key considerations include the required spectral efficiency, latency, and innovative approaches like small cells and machine-to-machine connectivity.

Embed presentation

Downloaded 75 times
II International Workshop on Challenges and Trends on Broadband Wireless Mobile Access Networks – Beyond LTE-A Alberto Boaventura 2014-11-06 4G & Beyond Changes and Challenges
Changes and … Source: Ericsson 2013 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 1000 1800 Voice Data Total (UL+DL) traffic (PetaBytes) Source: Cisco VNI 2012 12 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 6 Mobile File Sharing Mobile M2M Mobile Web/Data Mobile Video Exabytes per month In 2016, Social Newtorking will be second highest penetrated consumer mobile service with 2, 4 billion users – 53% of consumer mobile users - Cisco 2012 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014* MBB Developing MBB Developed FBB Developing FBB Developed World Broadband Subscriptions (Billions) Source: ITU/ICT/MIS 2014 132 89 113 147 117 161 146 103 181 170 149 151 110 59 66 43 540 min 479 min 474 min 444 min Indonesia China Brazil USA TV Laptop+PC Smartphone Tablet Source: KPCB & Milward Brown 2014 Daily Distr. Of Screen Minutes 13 kbps 50 kbps 125 kbps 200 kbps 684 kbps 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Source: Cisco VNI (2010/2011/2012/2013) 242% 2009 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13 ‘14 ‘15 ‘16 ‘17 ‘18 10 6 LTE UMTS/HSPA GSM;EDGE TD-SCDMA CDMA Other World Mobile Sub. (Billions) Source: Ericsson 2012 Latin America Average Throughput VIDEO TELECOM BECOMES MOBILE … MOBILE BECOMES DATA … DATA BECOMES VIDEO … BECOMES SOCIAL … On the market demand in dense urban areas during business hours, it has been calculated that 800 Mbps/km2 are required (BuNGee and Artists4G Projects). The Convention Industry Council Manual guidelines recommend 10 square feet per person. It represents 1 Million persons per km2. If all persons upload video with 64 kbps, it represents 64 Gbps/km2! Whatsapp: Over 50bn messages every day. Facebook: 1 billion of active users and a half of them use mobile access (488 million users) regularly. Twitter: 50% users are using the social network via mobile. YouTube: more than ¼ of users use in Mobile Device Instagram: The average Instagram mobile user spent two times comparing tp Twitter. … VIDEO, SOCIAL, CLOUD & GAMES BECOME CROWD DENSITY TRAFFIC. INTERNET OF EVERYTHING By the end of 2014, the number of mobile-connected devices will exceed the number of people on earth, and by 2018 there will be nearly 1.4 mobile devices per capita. There will be over 10 billion mobile-connected devices by 2018, including machine-to-machine (M2M) modules—exceeding the world’s population at that time (7.6 billion) – CISCO VNI 2014
LTE Advanced ITU-R M.2034 Spectral Efficiency DL 15 bits/Hz UL 6.75 bits/Hz Latency User Plane < 10 ms Control Plane < 100 ms Bandwidth ITU-R M.2034 40 MHz ITU-R M.1645 100 MHz ADVANCED Coverage Capacity SmallCells High order MIMO Carrier Aggregation Hetnet/CoMP LTE LTE –A 3GPP TR 36.913 3GPP Release 8 3GPP Release 10 RELEASE 8/9 RELEASE 10/11 RELEASE 12/13 20 MHz OFDM SC-FDMA DL 4x4 MIMO SON, HeNB Carrier Aggregation UL 4x4 MIMO DL/UL CoMP HetNet (x4.33) MU-MIMO (x1.14) Small Cells Enh. CoMP Enh. FD-MIMO (x3.53) DiverseTraffic Support LTE Roadmap Carrier Aggregation Intra & Inter Band Band X Band y Multihop Relay Multihop Relay Smallcells Heterogeneous Network Colaboration MIMO (CoMP) e HetNet High Order DL-MIMO & Advanced UL-MIMO C-plane (RRC) Phantom Celll Macro Cell F1 F2 F2>F1 U-plane D2D New Architecture
METIS PROJECT PREMISES (SOURCE: ETSI/ERICSSON) METIS: 29 PARTNERS 5G Vision and Timeframe ITU-R´s docs paving way to 5G: IMT.VISION (Deadline July 2015) - Title: “Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond” Objective: Defining the framework and overall objectives of IMT for 2020 and beyond to drive the future developments for IMT IMT.FUTURE TECHNOLOGY TRENDS (Deadline Oct. 2014) To provide a view of future IMT technology aspects 2015-2020 and beyond and to provide information on trends of future IMT technology aspects EU (Nov 2012) China (Fev2013) Korea (Jun 2013) Japão (Out 2013) 2020 and Beyond Adhoc Exploratory Research Pre-standardization Standardization activities Trials and Commercialization 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 WRC12 WRC15 WRC19 Mobile and wireless communications Enablers for the Twenty-twenty Information Society
5G Potential Technologies 1=0º 1=45º 30 210 60 240 90 270 120 300 150 330 180 ... p1 p2 pN   Native M2M support  A massive number of connected devices with low throughput;  Low latency  Low power and battery consumption hnm h21 h12 h11  Higher MIMO order: 8X8 or more  System capacity increases in fucntion of number of antennas  Spatial-temporal modulation schemes  SINR optimization  Beamforming  Enables systems that illuminate and at the same time provide broadband wireless data connectivity  Transmitters: Uses off-the-shelf white light emitting diodes (LEDs) used for solid-state lighting (SSL);  Receivers: Off-the-shelf p-intrinsic-n (PIN) photodiodes (PDs) or aval anche photo-diodes (APDs) C-plane (RRC) Phantom Celll Macro Cell F1 F2 F2>F1 U-plane D2D  Phantom Cell based architecture  Control Plane uses macro network  User Plane is Device to Device (D2D) in another frequency such as mm-Wave and high order modulation (256 QAM). Net Radio Core Cache  Access Network Caching  Network Virtualization Function  Cloud-RAN  Dynamic and Elastic Network  Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) : Potential extension to OFDM ;  Filter Bank Multi Carrier (FBMC): Access sporadic, short bursts, increased robustness, support QAM symbols and minimization problems offset; sustainability fragmented spectra.  High modulation constellation MASSIVE MIMO SPATIAL MODULATION COGITIVE RADIO NETWORKS VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION DEVICE-CENTRIC ARCHITECTURE NATIVE SUPPORT FOR M2M CLOUD NETWORK & CACHE NEW MODULATION SCHEME 5G Non-Orthogonal Waveforms for Asynchronous Signalling (5GNOW)  New protocol for shared spectrum rational use  Mitigate and avoid interference by surrounding radio environment and regulate its transmission accordingly.  In interference-free CR networks, CR users are allowed to borrow spectrum resources only when licensed users do not use them.
... Challenges ITU-R M.2078 projection for the global spectrum requirements in order to accomplish the IMT-2000 future development, IMT-Advanced, in 2020. 531 MHz 749 MHz 971 MHz 749 MHz 557 MHz 723 MHz 997 MHz 723 MHz 587 MHz 693 MHz 1027 MHz 693 MHz Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 MORE SPECTRUM NEW TECHNOLOGY & INFRASTRUCTURE SPLIT CELL & SITE DENSIFICIATION 푪 풃풑풔 ≤ 푩(푯풛) ∙ 풍풐품ퟐ ퟏ + 푺푰푵푹 Smallcells Heterogeneous Network hnm h21 h12 h11  Mobile operation needs spectrum below 6 GHz, but there is no enough around world.  Interference with exiting services: cleanup cost, interference mitigation  High spectrum cost: The average license cost in new spectrum auctions ranges around 100-700 million of Reais per 10 MHz FDD block  Spectrum Refarming  Spectral Efficiency  New infrastructure investment  Technology life cycle and adoption  Market Scale  New site legal barriers  Tax barriers  New site investment  Interference control and mitigation  Backhaul capillarity Carrier Aggregation High Order MIMO Cell Site Densification
Spectrum Challenges
Spectrum Requirement Spectrum Requirements per Operator (Rysavy Research – February 2010): The expectation is to be needed over than 200 MHz per operator in 2016. Band UL (MHz) DL (MHz) Width (*) WRC 3GPP (LTE) Anatel 450 MHz 451-457 461-468 14 MHz 2007 Band 31 Res 558/2010 700 MHz 703-748 758-803 90 MHz 2007 Band 28 Res 625/2013 850 MHz 824 - 849 869 - 894 50 MHz 2000 Band 5 Res 454/2006 900 MHz 898,5 - 901; 943,5 - 946 907,5 - 915; 952,5 - 960 10 MHz 2000 Band 8 Res 454/2006 1800 MHz 1.710-1785 1805-1880 150 MHz 1992/ 2000 Band 3 Res 454/2006 2100 MHz 1920-1975 2110-2165 110 MHz 2000 Band 1 Res 454/2006 2600 MHz 2500-2570 2620-2690 140 MHz 2007 Band 7 Res 544/2010 3500 MHz 3400-3600 (TDD) 200 MHz 2007 Band 42 Res 537/2010 Brazil: 330 MHz (Res 454/2006) , 204 MHz (Res 544/2010)., and 80 MHz (Res 625/2013) But due CAP constraint, only 140-160 MHz per operator is allowed.  Spectrum Aggregation  Sensing and Cognitive radio technologies for spectrum sharing  Offloading with fallback techniques to exclusive global bands, e.g. for mobility/roaming.  ITU-R forecasts a need of 1280 to 1720 MHz in the medium term for IMT (before 2020)  Global IMT spectrum of 715 MHz currently available, plus <300 MHz on a regional basis  WRC’12 confirmed the intention to allocate more spectrum to IMT in the 700 MHz band (~90 MHz)  FCC: Make 500 MHz of spectrum newly available for broadband within 10 years  European Comm.: 1200 MHz (incl. exist. 625 MHz) to be allocated to mobile broadband by 2015  Need to consider shared spectrum: Unlicensed spectrum, unlicensed secondary usage or Licensed Secondary Access (LSA) e.g. in TV white space, WORLD SPECTRUM FORECAST SPECTRUM PER OPERATOR SPECTRUM IN BRAZIL LICENSED SPECTRUM NEW SPECTRUM NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT ITU-R M.2078 projection for the global spectrum requirements in order to accomplish the IMT-2000 future development, IMT-Advanced, in 2020. 531 MHz 749 MHz 971 MHz 749 MHz 557 MHz 723 MHz 997 MHz 723 MHz 587 MHz 693 MHz 1027 MHz 693 MHz Region 1 Region 2 Region 3
Spectrum Management Frequency under 1 GHz has a good Indoor propagation. But lack bandwidth for capturing mobile broadband traffic. 90 MHz 150 MHz 200 MHz 13 GHz 700 MHz 1800 MHz 3500 MHz mmWave INDOOR TRAFFIC INDOOR LOST PERFORMANCE 39% 32% 14% 4% 11% In Car At Home At Work Travelling Others 0 bps/Hz 4 bps/Hz 8 bps/Hz 12 bps/Hz -130 dBm -110 dBm -90 dBm 3GPP (LTE) Shannon Indoor Outdoor -50% 50% of voice traffic and 80% of data traffic are performed in indoor environment; Building Penetration Loss varies around 10-20 dB, that reduces at minimum of 50% overall performance of outdoor macro sites; SPECTRUM DILEMMA: COVERAGE VS CAPACITY Better propagation Bandwidth Voice Originating Call Amount of Bandwidth REFARMING F1 F2 Scenario 1 Same coverage F1 = F2 Scenario 2 F2 has smaller coverage F2> F1 Scenario 4 F2 Is used to hot spots F2>F1 LOW DENSITY TRAFFIC & SPECTRUM 0,058 0,121 0,684 450 MHz 700 MHz 1800 MHz DUAL LAYER & CARRIER AGGREGATION The high cost of spectrum and the consolidation of mobile broadband with the decline and migration of legacy voice services on 2G to 3G in the coming years, raises the possibility of immediate use bands of GSM as the 1800 MHz for LTE. Different azimuth F1 = F2 or F1  F2 Scenario 3 Bands below 1 GHz, such as 700 MHz are applicable for low density traffic, like: M2M; product in initial lifecycle; suburban and rural areas; When traffic is becoming more density, there is no difference between high and low spectrum band Current 1800 MHz used for GSM/GPRS Carving for LTE utilization BCCH MA LIST BCCH MA LIST BCCH MA LIST LTE BCCH MA LIST
New Technology & Infrastructure Challenges
Equation: Data Voice 2G (GSM, GPRS, EDGE) 3G (UMTS, HSPA+) 900 MHz (B8) 1800 MHz (B3) 2100 MHz (B1) 850 MHz (B5) The Mobile Operation Planning involves the assessment of the complex equation: Service (demand characteristics for voice and data) vs Technology (2G, 3G and 4G or otherwise) vs Spectrum (900, 1800, 2100, 2600 MHz or otherwise), where should seek cost optimization not only present but future disruptive scenario with lack of fundamental resource: spectrum. Service Technology Spectrum 2600 MHz (B7) 700 MHz (B28) 450 MHz (B31) 4G (LTE) CDMA/TDMA Technology Life Cycle Ecosystem Total Cost Ownership Customer Experience Terminal Penetration & Cost Capacity&Spectral Efficiency Service Support Level of Terminal Subsidy License & Network Cost License Obligation Ecosystem Bandwidth Limitation Coverage & Capacity Interference Level of Terminal Subsidy Constrains & Decision Criteria
Planning Framework Voice Data 2G 3G 4G (LTE) 900 MHz 1800 MHz 2100 MHz 2600 MHz Other Voice Data 2G 3G 4G (LTE) 900 MHz 1800 MHz 2100 MHz 2600 MHz VISION DEFINITION FRAMEWORK DEFINITION • Service characteristics requirements, traffic requirements Demand Analysis • Network service assessment, Capacity evaluation, System growth opportunity, Split cell vs interference, Spectrum availability, License obligation, New technologies System Analysis • Technology life cycle, Ecosystem analysis, Spectral efficiency Technology Analysis • Scenario options, Total Cost Analysis, Spectrum availability, License obligation, Scenario Analysis Network Planning Demand Voice & Data 풎풊풏 푻푪ퟏ 풊 (ퟏ + 푲)풊−푿 , ⋯ , 푻푪푵 풊 (ퟏ + 푲)풊−푿 푵 풊=푿 푵 풊=푿 ⇒ 퐓퐚퐫퐠퐞퐭 퐒퐜퐞퐧퐚퐫퐢퐨 Scenario 1 Scenario N ...  New Frequency  New Technology  New Site  Long term scenario  Required for service and technology evolution  Required for long term spectrum management Service and Strategic Needs Plan Acquire Maintain Renew/ Dispose
System Capacity & Cost 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 200kHz 25 TRX 3,84MHz 1 WCDMA Carrier r R D i j i D j r R D i j i D j Codec FR D = 4 / Sector = 3 Reuse = 4 x 3 #Ckt/Sector= 2x7=14 Codec AMR 12.2 127 Walsh Codes Reuse = 1 %SHO=20% #Ckt/Sector = 64 24 Erl/BTS 160 Erl/NodeB r R D i j i D j PRBs ... 7 Symbols 12 subcarriers 25 Resource Blocks 700 Erl/eNB Codec AMR 12.2 25 PRBs - 300 REs 200 -250 users/ Sector 2G (GSM) 3G (UMTS/HSPA) LTE Sysm Capacity & Spectral Efficiency (Voice Capacity @ 5 MHz) NEW CELL SITE CAPEX SPECTRUM COST NETWORK COST 25% 45% 50% 52% 38% 35% 23% 17% 15% Rooftop 30m Tower 50m Tower Infra BTS Transport Source: Planning Area, Oi, 2012 New Cell Site represents a huge impact in Wireless Operation total cost. System capacity (Spectral Efficiency) in single site is the most important attribute. The 2G spectrum consumption is faster than 3G as voice traffic increases. Spectrum is a lack and valuable resource. 10 MHz can cost 500-1 Billion of Reais. 0 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz 30 MHz 10 Erl/BTS 50 Erl/BTS 90 Erl/BTS 130 Erl/BTS 2G 3G +14 MHz Cost Perspective $$$ $$$ $$$ $$$ $$$ 0,0 kErl 2,0 kErl 4,0 kErl 6,0 kErl 2G (4/4/4) 3G (1/1/1) 3X The cost per Erl to support voice on 3G is invariably cheaper than 2G . 6 kErl (~ 300k users), is 3 x the cost 2G. LTE Access Network is 7-10 times cheaper than 3G per Mbps.
Customer Experience & Technology Lifecycle 0 Mbps 2 Mbps 4 Mbps 6 Mbps 2009201020112012201320142015 América Latina America do Norte Europa Ocidental Brazil It is expected that the average grows exponentially. In Brazil, the growth is 82% year-on-year by 2015 according to Cisco APPS & MARKET TRENDS QoE is the main motivation of churn and it will remain a key challenge for mobile operators and may in fact rise as the wireless value chain becomes increasingly decentralized. ITU-T Rec. P.10/G.100: The overall acceptability of an application or service, as perceived subjectively by the end-user. QOE DEFINITION Req. SLA QoS QoE SLA KQI KPI t- t t+ throughput u(t) u(t+) u(t-) u”(t) <0 Utility=QoE Utility function perfectly captures user satisfaction in terms of what they are willing to expect and pay. UTILITY FUNCTION VS QOE Users have more sensibility when lose than when win. Competitive Pressure Delighted Extremely Dissatisfied Dysfunctional Fully Functional Attractive Time Expected KANO´S MODEL Customer satisfaction has a positive correlation with how the product is functional. I.e., dysfunctional => bad experience; functional => Delighted Customer Experience Technology Lifecycle 2013 2019E CAGR 2013-2019 Worldwide mobile subscriptions* 6,700 9,300 6% – Smartphone subscriptions 1,900 5,600 20% – Mobile PC, tablet &modem r subs 300 750 15% – Mobile broadband subscriptions 2,100 800 25% – Mobile subscriptions, GSM/EDGE- 4,300 1,200 -20% – Mobile subscriptions, UMTS/HSPA 1,600 4,800 20% – Mobile subscriptions, LTE 175 2,600 55% Source: Ercisson Mobility Report 2013 SUBSCRIPTIONS RATE & FORECAST ASSET MANAGEMENT Network Planning Demand Voice & Data Scenario A Expand with existing technology Scenario B Start to change to a new technology Scen. A Scen. B Year X Ecosystem Cost Spectrum Cost 푻푪푨 푻푪푩 Choosen Scenario must be which will minimize VP of TCO. LIFECYCLE & TERMINAL SUBSIDY Utility Budget Restriction LTE HSPA+ 푴푹푺 = 흏푼 흏푳푻푬 흏푼 흏푯푺푷푨 + 풑푳푻푬 풑푯푺푷푨+ ≤ 푴푹푺 Utility Function Budget Restriction Subsidy level can minimize the TCO and it must be calculated as a function of how user is willing to pay for more throughput (Utility Function) and cost of spectrum and network (Asset Management)
Split Cell and Site Densification Challenges
Handling High Density Traffic 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 0,0 Mbps/km2 500,0 Mbps/km2 1000,0 Mbps/km2 1500,0 Mbps/km2 2000,0 Mbps/km2 0,550 km 0,450 km 0,350 km 0,250 km DOWNTOWN: HIGH DENSITY TRAFFIC Coverage Radius Capacity 2015 Capacity 2016 Capacity 2017 A +63% C D +61% +54% B Green line represents the system capacity density. The capacity associated to coverage grid can capture the demand from 2013 till 2014 – Point A; However, for 2015 it is needed to increase 63% the number of sites, changing the exiting grid – Point B; In 2016 and 2017, they require more 61% and 54% more sites respectivelly; In that time, SmallCells are more appropriated infrastructure to save CapEx and OpEx; TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVES AND TOTAL COST OPERATION $$$ $$$ $$$ $$$ $$$ $$$ 1 x 3 x 5 x 7 x 9 x 2600 MHz (10) +1800 MHz (5) +1800 MHz (10) SmallCell 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Notes: 2600 MHz (10) : Basic Scenario; +1800 MHz (5): Additional 5 MHz using 1800 MHz in Basic Scenario coverage; +1800 (10): Same as above, but using 10 MHz; SmallCell: SmallCell using 2600 MHz with 10 MHz for bandwidth; TIMES BASIC SCENARIO COVERAGE CAPACITY  TCO  A B C Indifference between Macro 1800 & 2600 MHz Macro LTE 1800 MHz for coverage Dual layer Macro LTE 1800 & 2600 MHz 181 265 890 SmallCell 2600 MHz 푴풃풑풔 풌풎ퟐ
New Architecture: Cloud RAN Fronthaul Interface Hardware Backplane Backhaul Interface Hardware Hardware Poll Virtualization Layer (Ex.: Hypervisor/VMM) VM BBU 1 VM BBU N Core Network Cache & Local Breakout ... O&M/Control/Orchestrator Fronthaul: CPRI, OBSAI, ETSI ORI Internet RRU/ RRH Radio Unit Network Datacenter Only Radio Unit Backhaul IP RRU/ RRH Backhaul Core Network BBU BBU BBU Internet RRU/ RRH RRU/ RRH GbE Existing Deployed Topology Fronthaul Internet V-BBUs V-Core RRU/ RRH RRU/ RRH RRU/ RRH CPRI/ OBSAI Cloud RAN Topology DEPLOYMENT PARADIGM CHANGE PRINCIPLES AND ADVANTAGES ARCHITECTURE Network Function Virtualization Elastic & liquid Resources Operational Flexibility Reduces space and power consumption Reduces CapEx, OpEx and delivery time Software Defined Network Creates an abstraction layer for: controlling; faster development ; system service orchestration and overall system evolution; Open Development Interface Creates an open environment for new development; Catalyzes new SON & interference mitigation functionalities support;
 Site aquisition: Given the limitation on the scope of the small cell, you have to know exactly where the traffic is generated and get the rights to install that exact spot.  New types of leases should be developed.  The expectation for the installation of Small scale is Cells that are an order of magnitude greater than the macro cells .  Visual Polution: Due a number of SmallCells, the shape and format may impact in acceptance to install in building and public facilities.  Small cell radius of coverage is reduced compared to macro, it is necessary to locate accurately the traffic sources;  The installation of small cell (site acquisition) occurs with small error regarding the location planned.  Heterogeneous RF planning requires how traffic will be handled by each layer.  For maximum result from the limited range making the reuse of the spectrum.  Reuse requires a plan of distribution of the cells very well done.  IP Access (MPLS-TP, Metro Eth, MDU) , Giga- Ether over 150 Mbps per BTS  Required necessarily optical fiber, but Radio NLOS can be alternative for higher capillarity  New synchronism support (IEEE 1588, SyncE)  e-ICIC requires synchronism deviation around 1.5 s.  For CoMP, Latency must be below 1 ms  New interface other than IP: CPRI Backhaul & Fronthaul Pain Points  Downlink: Terminal camped on in macro is interfered by a small cell. And terminal served by a small cell to connect the edge of cell will be interfered by the macro cell.  Uplink : one terminal connected in macro and close to the cell border creates strong interference in a small cell next. And large number of connected terminals in small cells generate uplink interference in the macro cell.  They both are addressed with sofisticated mechanisms like ICIC, e-ICIC, Fe-ICIC, and CoMP Interference Mitigation  Mobility device in idle state impacts the relative load between layers and battery consumption and frequency of handovers.  Increase in handovers due to the small size of the cells increases the risk of dropped calls (Dropped Call Rate),  Devices in connected state may need to HO to a small cell and, if they are on different frequencies, will need efficient scheme discovery of small cell that minimizes the impact on battery consumption.  Traffic/Capacity balancing with several resources and frequencies Mobility Management Planning Deployment and Rollout  The range in the number of radio stations in the layer of Small Cells should be an order of magnitude larger than the current one.  The way to optimize and operate should fit depending less manual intervention. Resources SON (Self Organizing Networks) will be important to maintain a good performance.  Service Availability: Internal battery must be required for accomplishing service SLA requirements.  The licensing cost (TFI/TFF) was a recent issue but still exist for SmallCells with higher power Operational
Alberto Boaventura alberto@oi.net.br +55 21 98875 4998 THANKS! OBRIGADO!

More Related Content

PDF
Green Future Networks: Network Energy Efficiency
byIPLOOK Networks
 
PDF
ZTE Communication - March 2015
bySitha Sok
 
PDF
Whitepaper tipping the_scale_for_5g
bySaurabh Verma
 
PDF
Virtualisation
byjsk1950
 
PDF
5 g architecture
byShibinPS3
 
PDF
Data Offload Survival Guide - Part 3
byJustus @GreenPacket
 
PDF
Data offload survival guide, a phased approach – simple offload for phase 1
byJustus @GreenPacket
 
PDF
Ideal data offloading_solution
byJustus @GreenPacket
 
Green Future Networks: Network Energy Efficiency
byIPLOOK Networks
 
ZTE Communication - March 2015
bySitha Sok
 
Whitepaper tipping the_scale_for_5g
bySaurabh Verma
 
Virtualisation
byjsk1950
 
5 g architecture
byShibinPS3
 
Data Offload Survival Guide - Part 3
byJustus @GreenPacket
 
Data offload survival guide, a phased approach – simple offload for phase 1
byJustus @GreenPacket
 
Ideal data offloading_solution
byJustus @GreenPacket
 

What's hot

PDF
A Survey on Key Technology Trends for 5G Networks
byCPqD
 
PDF
RF Planning and Optimization in GSM and UMTS Networks
byApurv Agrawal
 
PDF
5G Technology Seminar Presentation.
bysnehithkumardhammoju
 
PDF
NB-IoT: a sustainable technology for connecting billions of devices
byEricsson
 
PDF
5G -NOMA & IBFD
byAjit Shukla
 
PPTX
Millimeter wave mobile communication for 5G cellular.
byApurv Modi
 
PDF
Pioneering 5G broadcast
byQualcomm Research
 
PDF
Enabling the rise of the smartphone: Chronicling the developmental history at...
byQualcomm Research
 
PDF
Ericsson Technology Review: Designing for the future: the 5G NR physical layer
byEricsson
 
DOCX
Seminar report on Millimeter Wave mobile communications for 5g cellular
byraghubraghu
 
PPTX
Millimeter Wave mobile communications for 5g cellular
byraghubraghu
 
PDF
Energy efficiency in 5G networks
byelektr
 
PPTX
Enabling Device-to-Device Communications in Millimeter-Wave 5G Cellular Netw...
byNaresh Biloniya
 
PDF
Whitepaper tipping the_scale_for_5g
bySaurabh Verma
 
PDF
Long term evolution (lte)
byEjaz Ahmad
 
DOCX
NTT DoCoMo and the Future Implications of High
byLuke Markey
 
PDF
Prof. Jyri Hämäläinen_What comes after 4G? 5G of Course_ENhANCE Telecom Forum...
byEdward Mutafungwa
 
PDF
Broadband Lte Sae Update Intranet
byss
 
PDF
Ericsson Technology Review – Microwave backhaul gets a boost with multiband
byEricsson
 
PDF
Recent advance in communications
byPraveen Kumar
 
A Survey on Key Technology Trends for 5G Networks
byCPqD
 
RF Planning and Optimization in GSM and UMTS Networks
byApurv Agrawal
 
5G Technology Seminar Presentation.
bysnehithkumardhammoju
 
NB-IoT: a sustainable technology for connecting billions of devices
byEricsson
 
5G -NOMA & IBFD
byAjit Shukla
 
Millimeter wave mobile communication for 5G cellular.
byApurv Modi
 
Pioneering 5G broadcast
byQualcomm Research
 
Enabling the rise of the smartphone: Chronicling the developmental history at...
byQualcomm Research
 
Ericsson Technology Review: Designing for the future: the 5G NR physical layer
byEricsson
 
Seminar report on Millimeter Wave mobile communications for 5g cellular
byraghubraghu
 
Millimeter Wave mobile communications for 5g cellular
byraghubraghu
 
Energy efficiency in 5G networks
byelektr
 
Enabling Device-to-Device Communications in Millimeter-Wave 5G Cellular Netw...
byNaresh Biloniya
 
Whitepaper tipping the_scale_for_5g
bySaurabh Verma
 
Long term evolution (lte)
byEjaz Ahmad
 
NTT DoCoMo and the Future Implications of High
byLuke Markey
 
Prof. Jyri Hämäläinen_What comes after 4G? 5G of Course_ENhANCE Telecom Forum...
byEdward Mutafungwa
 
Broadband Lte Sae Update Intranet
byss
 
Ericsson Technology Review – Microwave backhaul gets a boost with multiband
byEricsson
 
Recent advance in communications
byPraveen Kumar
 

Viewers also liked

PDF
GSA-Evolution_to_LTE_report_October_2016
bySitha Sok
 
PDF
4G Technology Evolution, Indian ecosystem and Usage Trends
byPriyom Sarkar
 
PDF
Lte Tutorial
byPengpeng Song
 
PDF
Introduction to Massive Mimo
byAhmed Nasser Agag
 
PDF
APT 700 LTE Whitepaper Huawei
bySitha Sok
 
PPT
MIMO in 15 minutes
byChaitanya Tata, PMP
 
PDF
Mimo tutorial by-fuyun_ling
byFuyun Ling
 
PPTX
LTE ADVANCED PPT
byTrinath
 
PPTX
Managing OPEX and CAPEX in small cell backhaul
byCBNL
 
PDF
LTE Measurement: How to test a device
byRohde & Schwarz North America
 
PDF
Cisco mobile offload_architecture_21062012
byc0nd3
 
PPTX
Introduction to LTE
bydaraaulia Feryando
 
PDF
LTE LATAM 2015 - Base Station Virtualization: Advantages and Challenges
byAlberto Boaventura
 
PDF
Lte latam 2014 alberto boaventura v2.1
byAlberto Boaventura
 
PPT
Synapseindia mobile apps cellular networks and mobile computing part1
bysaritasingh19866
 
PDF
Small cells in a big city
byCBNL
 
PDF
Sdn04
byKellyCheah
 
PDF
CellSDN: Software-Defined Cellular Core networks
byOpen Networking Summits
 
PPTX
Presentation1
byKellyCheah
 
PPTX
Presentation4
byraman2390
 
GSA-Evolution_to_LTE_report_October_2016
bySitha Sok
 
4G Technology Evolution, Indian ecosystem and Usage Trends
byPriyom Sarkar
 
Lte Tutorial
byPengpeng Song
 
Introduction to Massive Mimo
byAhmed Nasser Agag
 
APT 700 LTE Whitepaper Huawei
bySitha Sok
 
MIMO in 15 minutes
byChaitanya Tata, PMP
 
Mimo tutorial by-fuyun_ling
byFuyun Ling
 
LTE ADVANCED PPT
byTrinath
 
Managing OPEX and CAPEX in small cell backhaul
byCBNL
 
LTE Measurement: How to test a device
byRohde & Schwarz North America
 
Cisco mobile offload_architecture_21062012
byc0nd3
 
Introduction to LTE
bydaraaulia Feryando
 
LTE LATAM 2015 - Base Station Virtualization: Advantages and Challenges
byAlberto Boaventura
 
Lte latam 2014 alberto boaventura v2.1
byAlberto Boaventura
 
Synapseindia mobile apps cellular networks and mobile computing part1
bysaritasingh19866
 
Small cells in a big city
byCBNL
 
Sdn04
byKellyCheah
 
CellSDN: Software-Defined Cellular Core networks
byOpen Networking Summits
 
Presentation1
byKellyCheah
 
Presentation4
byraman2390
 

Similar to 4G & Beyond – Changes and Challenges

PDF
4. (Session 1) Qualcomm Technologies_TIEDEMANN, Edward Jr.pdf
byxhoream
 
PDF
5 g webinar slides
bymohammad ali amini
 
PDF
5 g webinar slides
bymohammad ali amini
 
PDF
Millimeter wave mobile communications for 5 g Cellular
byPoornima E.G.
 
PDF
5 g latin america april 2019 network densification requirements v1.0
byAlberto Boaventura
 
PDF
5G
byAssem mousa
 
PDF
Presentation1
byAvinash Kapse
 
PDF
5G Sandardization
byYi-Hsueh Tsai
 
PDF
Lte 5 g latim america 2017 what ran and small cell developments will make 5...
byAlberto Boaventura
 
PDF
14th rio wireless alberto boaventura oi v1.0
byAlberto Boaventura
 
PDF
Examining the Role of SDN and NFV in the Move Towards LTE-A and 5th Generation
byAlberto Boaventura
 
PDF
5G TECHNALOGY FOR MOBILE NETWORK
byIRJET Journal
 
PDF
5G: A 2020 Vision
byeXplanoTech
 
PDF
Discussing the digital transformation of every part of the network with nfv s...
byAlberto Boaventura
 
PDF
Sg niri 5-g ws conf 2014
byShahram G Niri
 
PDF
3GPP_4G to 5G networks evolution and releases.pdf
byXinHuang548256
 
PDF
Spectrum requirements for 2020 and beyond
byEricsson Latin America
 
PDF
5 g sg-niri-oct13
byShahram G Niri
 
PDF
Presentation1
byAvinash Kapse
 
PDF
The expanding role of lte advanced
byQualcomm Research
 
4. (Session 1) Qualcomm Technologies_TIEDEMANN, Edward Jr.pdf
byxhoream
 
5 g webinar slides
bymohammad ali amini
 
5 g webinar slides
bymohammad ali amini
 
Millimeter wave mobile communications for 5 g Cellular
byPoornima E.G.
 
5 g latin america april 2019 network densification requirements v1.0
byAlberto Boaventura
 
5G
byAssem mousa
 
Presentation1
byAvinash Kapse
 
5G Sandardization
byYi-Hsueh Tsai
 
Lte 5 g latim america 2017 what ran and small cell developments will make 5...
byAlberto Boaventura
 
14th rio wireless alberto boaventura oi v1.0
byAlberto Boaventura
 
Examining the Role of SDN and NFV in the Move Towards LTE-A and 5th Generation
byAlberto Boaventura
 
5G TECHNALOGY FOR MOBILE NETWORK
byIRJET Journal
 
5G: A 2020 Vision
byeXplanoTech
 
Discussing the digital transformation of every part of the network with nfv s...
byAlberto Boaventura
 
Sg niri 5-g ws conf 2014
byShahram G Niri
 
3GPP_4G to 5G networks evolution and releases.pdf
byXinHuang548256
 
Spectrum requirements for 2020 and beyond
byEricsson Latin America
 
5 g sg-niri-oct13
byShahram G Niri
 
Presentation1
byAvinash Kapse
 
The expanding role of lte advanced
byQualcomm Research
 

More from CPqD

PDF
Fiber Technology Trends for Next Generation Networks
byCPqD
 
PDF
CPqD at Optical Communication Ecosystem - Last/Next 10 years and R&D&I opport...
byCPqD
 
PDF
High Capacity Optical Access Networks
byCPqD
 
PDF
OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS APPLICATIONS
byCPqD
 
PDF
Integrated Photonics Advances in Optical Transmission: An Industry View
byCPqD
 
PDF
Cognitive Technique for Software Defined Optical Network (SDON)
byCPqD
 
PDF
Embedded Electronics for Telecom DSP
byCPqD
 
PPTX
Emerging Trends and Applications for Cost Effective ROADMs
byCPqD
 
PDF
RFID and NFC Providing the last yards for IoT
byCPqD
 
PDF
Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Communication Systems
byCPqD
 
PDF
Brazilian Semiconductor Scenario and Opportuni3es
byCPqD
 
PDF
Novo modelo de apoio à inovação
byCPqD
 
PDF
Câmara de Gestão M2M/IoT
byCPqD
 
PDF
BNDES: Instrumentos de Apoio à Inovação
byCPqD
 
PDF
Flexible Optical Transmission
byCPqD
 
PDF
Control Plane for High Capacity Networks Public
byCPqD
 
PDF
Mesa Redonda: Fomento Governamental para o Setor
byCPqD
 
PDF
The Dawn of Industry 4.0
byCPqD
 
PDF
Creating Business Value By Enabling the Internet of Things
byCPqD
 
PDF
Apresentação Paulo Curado (CPqD) - RFID Journal Live! Brasil 2015
byCPqD
 
Fiber Technology Trends for Next Generation Networks
byCPqD
 
CPqD at Optical Communication Ecosystem - Last/Next 10 years and R&D&I opport...
byCPqD
 
High Capacity Optical Access Networks
byCPqD
 
OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS APPLICATIONS
byCPqD
 
Integrated Photonics Advances in Optical Transmission: An Industry View
byCPqD
 
Cognitive Technique for Software Defined Optical Network (SDON)
byCPqD
 
Embedded Electronics for Telecom DSP
byCPqD
 
Emerging Trends and Applications for Cost Effective ROADMs
byCPqD
 
RFID and NFC Providing the last yards for IoT
byCPqD
 
Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Communication Systems
byCPqD
 
Brazilian Semiconductor Scenario and Opportuni3es
byCPqD
 
Novo modelo de apoio à inovação
byCPqD
 
Câmara de Gestão M2M/IoT
byCPqD
 
BNDES: Instrumentos de Apoio à Inovação
byCPqD
 
Flexible Optical Transmission
byCPqD
 
Control Plane for High Capacity Networks Public
byCPqD
 
Mesa Redonda: Fomento Governamental para o Setor
byCPqD
 
The Dawn of Industry 4.0
byCPqD
 
Creating Business Value By Enabling the Internet of Things
byCPqD
 
Apresentação Paulo Curado (CPqD) - RFID Journal Live! Brasil 2015
byCPqD
 

Recently uploaded

PDF
Data Virtualization in Action: Scaling APIs and Apps with FME
bySafe Software
 
PDF
DevFest El Jadida 2025 - Product Thinking
byElmehdi AMLOU
 
PDF
Security Forum Sessions from Houston 2025 Event
byMark Simos
 
PDF
December Patch Tuesday
byIvanti
 
PPTX
Unit-4-ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS.pptx ANN ppt Artificial neural network
byssuserd4481a
 
PDF
GPUS and How to Program Them by Manya Bansal
byScyllaDB
 
PDF
Eredità digitale sugli smartphone: cosa resta di noi nei dispositivi mobili
bySpeck&Tech
 
PDF
Our Digital Tribe_ Cultivating Connection and Growth in Our Slack Community 🌿...
bysanjeetmishra30
 
PDF
Six Shifts For 2026 (And The Next Six Years)
byDavid Armano
 
PPTX
Building Cyber Resilience for 2026: Best Practices for a Secure, AI-Driven Bu...
byYasir Naveed Riaz
 
PDF
Day 2 - Network Security ~ 2nd Sight Lab ~ Cloud Security Class ~ 2020
by2nd Sight Lab
 
PPTX
From Backup to Resilience: How MSPs Are Preparing for 2026
byMSP360
 
PDF
Dev Dives: AI that builds with you - UiPath Autopilot for effortless RPA & AP...
byUiPathCommunity
 
PPTX
Software Analysis &Design ethiopia chap-2.pptx
byAbbas484771
 
PDF
The major tech developments for 2026 by Pluralsight, a research and training ...
byChris Skinner
 
PPTX
Cybersecurity Best Practices - Step by Step guidelines
byYasir Naveed Riaz
 
PPTX
AI in Cybersecurity: Digital Defense by Yasir Naveed Riaz
byYasir Naveed Riaz
 
PDF
TrustArc Webinar - Looking Ahead: The 2026 Privacy Landscape
byTrustArc
 
PDF
Vibe Coding vs. Spec-Driven Development [Free Meetup]
byHaim Michael
 
PDF
Usage Control for Process Discovery through a Trusted Execution Environment
byValerioGoretti
 
Data Virtualization in Action: Scaling APIs and Apps with FME
bySafe Software
 
DevFest El Jadida 2025 - Product Thinking
byElmehdi AMLOU
 
Security Forum Sessions from Houston 2025 Event
byMark Simos
 
December Patch Tuesday
byIvanti
 
Unit-4-ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS.pptx ANN ppt Artificial neural network
byssuserd4481a
 
GPUS and How to Program Them by Manya Bansal
byScyllaDB
 
Eredità digitale sugli smartphone: cosa resta di noi nei dispositivi mobili
bySpeck&Tech
 
Our Digital Tribe_ Cultivating Connection and Growth in Our Slack Community 🌿...
bysanjeetmishra30
 
Six Shifts For 2026 (And The Next Six Years)
byDavid Armano
 
Building Cyber Resilience for 2026: Best Practices for a Secure, AI-Driven Bu...
byYasir Naveed Riaz
 
Day 2 - Network Security ~ 2nd Sight Lab ~ Cloud Security Class ~ 2020
by2nd Sight Lab
 
From Backup to Resilience: How MSPs Are Preparing for 2026
byMSP360
 
Dev Dives: AI that builds with you - UiPath Autopilot for effortless RPA & AP...
byUiPathCommunity
 
Software Analysis &Design ethiopia chap-2.pptx
byAbbas484771
 
The major tech developments for 2026 by Pluralsight, a research and training ...
byChris Skinner
 
Cybersecurity Best Practices - Step by Step guidelines
byYasir Naveed Riaz
 
AI in Cybersecurity: Digital Defense by Yasir Naveed Riaz
byYasir Naveed Riaz
 
TrustArc Webinar - Looking Ahead: The 2026 Privacy Landscape
byTrustArc
 
Vibe Coding vs. Spec-Driven Development [Free Meetup]
byHaim Michael
 
Usage Control for Process Discovery through a Trusted Execution Environment
byValerioGoretti
 

4G & Beyond – Changes and Challenges

  • 1.
    II International Workshopon Challenges and Trends on Broadband Wireless Mobile Access Networks – Beyond LTE-A Alberto Boaventura 2014-11-06 4G & Beyond Changes and Challenges
  • 2.
    Changes and … Source: Ericsson 2013 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 1000 1800 Voice Data Total (UL+DL) traffic (PetaBytes) Source: Cisco VNI 2012 12 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 6 Mobile File Sharing Mobile M2M Mobile Web/Data Mobile Video Exabytes per month In 2016, Social Newtorking will be second highest penetrated consumer mobile service with 2, 4 billion users – 53% of consumer mobile users - Cisco 2012 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014* MBB Developing MBB Developed FBB Developing FBB Developed World Broadband Subscriptions (Billions) Source: ITU/ICT/MIS 2014 132 89 113 147 117 161 146 103 181 170 149 151 110 59 66 43 540 min 479 min 474 min 444 min Indonesia China Brazil USA TV Laptop+PC Smartphone Tablet Source: KPCB & Milward Brown 2014 Daily Distr. Of Screen Minutes 13 kbps 50 kbps 125 kbps 200 kbps 684 kbps 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Source: Cisco VNI (2010/2011/2012/2013) 242% 2009 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13 ‘14 ‘15 ‘16 ‘17 ‘18 10 6 LTE UMTS/HSPA GSM;EDGE TD-SCDMA CDMA Other World Mobile Sub. (Billions) Source: Ericsson 2012 Latin America Average Throughput VIDEO TELECOM BECOMES MOBILE … MOBILE BECOMES DATA … DATA BECOMES VIDEO … BECOMES SOCIAL … On the market demand in dense urban areas during business hours, it has been calculated that 800 Mbps/km2 are required (BuNGee and Artists4G Projects). The Convention Industry Council Manual guidelines recommend 10 square feet per person. It represents 1 Million persons per km2. If all persons upload video with 64 kbps, it represents 64 Gbps/km2! Whatsapp: Over 50bn messages every day. Facebook: 1 billion of active users and a half of them use mobile access (488 million users) regularly. Twitter: 50% users are using the social network via mobile. YouTube: more than ¼ of users use in Mobile Device Instagram: The average Instagram mobile user spent two times comparing tp Twitter. … VIDEO, SOCIAL, CLOUD & GAMES BECOME CROWD DENSITY TRAFFIC. INTERNET OF EVERYTHING By the end of 2014, the number of mobile-connected devices will exceed the number of people on earth, and by 2018 there will be nearly 1.4 mobile devices per capita. There will be over 10 billion mobile-connected devices by 2018, including machine-to-machine (M2M) modules—exceeding the world’s population at that time (7.6 billion) – CISCO VNI 2014
  • 3.
    LTE Advanced ITU-RM.2034 Spectral Efficiency DL 15 bits/Hz UL 6.75 bits/Hz Latency User Plane < 10 ms Control Plane < 100 ms Bandwidth ITU-R M.2034 40 MHz ITU-R M.1645 100 MHz ADVANCED Coverage Capacity SmallCells High order MIMO Carrier Aggregation Hetnet/CoMP LTE LTE –A 3GPP TR 36.913 3GPP Release 8 3GPP Release 10 RELEASE 8/9 RELEASE 10/11 RELEASE 12/13 20 MHz OFDM SC-FDMA DL 4x4 MIMO SON, HeNB Carrier Aggregation UL 4x4 MIMO DL/UL CoMP HetNet (x4.33) MU-MIMO (x1.14) Small Cells Enh. CoMP Enh. FD-MIMO (x3.53) DiverseTraffic Support LTE Roadmap Carrier Aggregation Intra & Inter Band Band X Band y Multihop Relay Multihop Relay Smallcells Heterogeneous Network Colaboration MIMO (CoMP) e HetNet High Order DL-MIMO & Advanced UL-MIMO C-plane (RRC) Phantom Celll Macro Cell F1 F2 F2>F1 U-plane D2D New Architecture
  • 4.
    METIS PROJECT PREMISES(SOURCE: ETSI/ERICSSON) METIS: 29 PARTNERS 5G Vision and Timeframe ITU-R´s docs paving way to 5G: IMT.VISION (Deadline July 2015) - Title: “Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond” Objective: Defining the framework and overall objectives of IMT for 2020 and beyond to drive the future developments for IMT IMT.FUTURE TECHNOLOGY TRENDS (Deadline Oct. 2014) To provide a view of future IMT technology aspects 2015-2020 and beyond and to provide information on trends of future IMT technology aspects EU (Nov 2012) China (Fev2013) Korea (Jun 2013) Japão (Out 2013) 2020 and Beyond Adhoc Exploratory Research Pre-standardization Standardization activities Trials and Commercialization 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 WRC12 WRC15 WRC19 Mobile and wireless communications Enablers for the Twenty-twenty Information Society
  • 5.
    5G Potential Technologies 1=0º 1=45º 30 210 60 240 90 270 120 300 150 330 180 ... p1 p2 pN   Native M2M support  A massive number of connected devices with low throughput;  Low latency  Low power and battery consumption hnm h21 h12 h11  Higher MIMO order: 8X8 or more  System capacity increases in fucntion of number of antennas  Spatial-temporal modulation schemes  SINR optimization  Beamforming  Enables systems that illuminate and at the same time provide broadband wireless data connectivity  Transmitters: Uses off-the-shelf white light emitting diodes (LEDs) used for solid-state lighting (SSL);  Receivers: Off-the-shelf p-intrinsic-n (PIN) photodiodes (PDs) or aval anche photo-diodes (APDs) C-plane (RRC) Phantom Celll Macro Cell F1 F2 F2>F1 U-plane D2D  Phantom Cell based architecture  Control Plane uses macro network  User Plane is Device to Device (D2D) in another frequency such as mm-Wave and high order modulation (256 QAM). Net Radio Core Cache  Access Network Caching  Network Virtualization Function  Cloud-RAN  Dynamic and Elastic Network  Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) : Potential extension to OFDM ;  Filter Bank Multi Carrier (FBMC): Access sporadic, short bursts, increased robustness, support QAM symbols and minimization problems offset; sustainability fragmented spectra.  High modulation constellation MASSIVE MIMO SPATIAL MODULATION COGITIVE RADIO NETWORKS VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION DEVICE-CENTRIC ARCHITECTURE NATIVE SUPPORT FOR M2M CLOUD NETWORK & CACHE NEW MODULATION SCHEME 5G Non-Orthogonal Waveforms for Asynchronous Signalling (5GNOW)  New protocol for shared spectrum rational use  Mitigate and avoid interference by surrounding radio environment and regulate its transmission accordingly.  In interference-free CR networks, CR users are allowed to borrow spectrum resources only when licensed users do not use them.
  • 6.
    ... Challenges ITU-RM.2078 projection for the global spectrum requirements in order to accomplish the IMT-2000 future development, IMT-Advanced, in 2020. 531 MHz 749 MHz 971 MHz 749 MHz 557 MHz 723 MHz 997 MHz 723 MHz 587 MHz 693 MHz 1027 MHz 693 MHz Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 MORE SPECTRUM NEW TECHNOLOGY & INFRASTRUCTURE SPLIT CELL & SITE DENSIFICIATION 푪 풃풑풔 ≤ 푩(푯풛) ∙ 풍풐품ퟐ ퟏ + 푺푰푵푹 Smallcells Heterogeneous Network hnm h21 h12 h11  Mobile operation needs spectrum below 6 GHz, but there is no enough around world.  Interference with exiting services: cleanup cost, interference mitigation  High spectrum cost: The average license cost in new spectrum auctions ranges around 100-700 million of Reais per 10 MHz FDD block  Spectrum Refarming  Spectral Efficiency  New infrastructure investment  Technology life cycle and adoption  Market Scale  New site legal barriers  Tax barriers  New site investment  Interference control and mitigation  Backhaul capillarity Carrier Aggregation High Order MIMO Cell Site Densification
  • 7.
  • 8.
    Spectrum Requirement SpectrumRequirements per Operator (Rysavy Research – February 2010): The expectation is to be needed over than 200 MHz per operator in 2016. Band UL (MHz) DL (MHz) Width (*) WRC 3GPP (LTE) Anatel 450 MHz 451-457 461-468 14 MHz 2007 Band 31 Res 558/2010 700 MHz 703-748 758-803 90 MHz 2007 Band 28 Res 625/2013 850 MHz 824 - 849 869 - 894 50 MHz 2000 Band 5 Res 454/2006 900 MHz 898,5 - 901; 943,5 - 946 907,5 - 915; 952,5 - 960 10 MHz 2000 Band 8 Res 454/2006 1800 MHz 1.710-1785 1805-1880 150 MHz 1992/ 2000 Band 3 Res 454/2006 2100 MHz 1920-1975 2110-2165 110 MHz 2000 Band 1 Res 454/2006 2600 MHz 2500-2570 2620-2690 140 MHz 2007 Band 7 Res 544/2010 3500 MHz 3400-3600 (TDD) 200 MHz 2007 Band 42 Res 537/2010 Brazil: 330 MHz (Res 454/2006) , 204 MHz (Res 544/2010)., and 80 MHz (Res 625/2013) But due CAP constraint, only 140-160 MHz per operator is allowed.  Spectrum Aggregation  Sensing and Cognitive radio technologies for spectrum sharing  Offloading with fallback techniques to exclusive global bands, e.g. for mobility/roaming.  ITU-R forecasts a need of 1280 to 1720 MHz in the medium term for IMT (before 2020)  Global IMT spectrum of 715 MHz currently available, plus <300 MHz on a regional basis  WRC’12 confirmed the intention to allocate more spectrum to IMT in the 700 MHz band (~90 MHz)  FCC: Make 500 MHz of spectrum newly available for broadband within 10 years  European Comm.: 1200 MHz (incl. exist. 625 MHz) to be allocated to mobile broadband by 2015  Need to consider shared spectrum: Unlicensed spectrum, unlicensed secondary usage or Licensed Secondary Access (LSA) e.g. in TV white space, WORLD SPECTRUM FORECAST SPECTRUM PER OPERATOR SPECTRUM IN BRAZIL LICENSED SPECTRUM NEW SPECTRUM NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT ITU-R M.2078 projection for the global spectrum requirements in order to accomplish the IMT-2000 future development, IMT-Advanced, in 2020. 531 MHz 749 MHz 971 MHz 749 MHz 557 MHz 723 MHz 997 MHz 723 MHz 587 MHz 693 MHz 1027 MHz 693 MHz Region 1 Region 2 Region 3
  • 9.
    Spectrum Management Frequencyunder 1 GHz has a good Indoor propagation. But lack bandwidth for capturing mobile broadband traffic. 90 MHz 150 MHz 200 MHz 13 GHz 700 MHz 1800 MHz 3500 MHz mmWave INDOOR TRAFFIC INDOOR LOST PERFORMANCE 39% 32% 14% 4% 11% In Car At Home At Work Travelling Others 0 bps/Hz 4 bps/Hz 8 bps/Hz 12 bps/Hz -130 dBm -110 dBm -90 dBm 3GPP (LTE) Shannon Indoor Outdoor -50% 50% of voice traffic and 80% of data traffic are performed in indoor environment; Building Penetration Loss varies around 10-20 dB, that reduces at minimum of 50% overall performance of outdoor macro sites; SPECTRUM DILEMMA: COVERAGE VS CAPACITY Better propagation Bandwidth Voice Originating Call Amount of Bandwidth REFARMING F1 F2 Scenario 1 Same coverage F1 = F2 Scenario 2 F2 has smaller coverage F2> F1 Scenario 4 F2 Is used to hot spots F2>F1 LOW DENSITY TRAFFIC & SPECTRUM 0,058 0,121 0,684 450 MHz 700 MHz 1800 MHz DUAL LAYER & CARRIER AGGREGATION The high cost of spectrum and the consolidation of mobile broadband with the decline and migration of legacy voice services on 2G to 3G in the coming years, raises the possibility of immediate use bands of GSM as the 1800 MHz for LTE. Different azimuth F1 = F2 or F1  F2 Scenario 3 Bands below 1 GHz, such as 700 MHz are applicable for low density traffic, like: M2M; product in initial lifecycle; suburban and rural areas; When traffic is becoming more density, there is no difference between high and low spectrum band Current 1800 MHz used for GSM/GPRS Carving for LTE utilization BCCH MA LIST BCCH MA LIST BCCH MA LIST LTE BCCH MA LIST
  • 10.
    New Technology &Infrastructure Challenges
  • 11.
    Equation: Data Voice 2G (GSM, GPRS, EDGE) 3G (UMTS, HSPA+) 900 MHz (B8) 1800 MHz (B3) 2100 MHz (B1) 850 MHz (B5) The Mobile Operation Planning involves the assessment of the complex equation: Service (demand characteristics for voice and data) vs Technology (2G, 3G and 4G or otherwise) vs Spectrum (900, 1800, 2100, 2600 MHz or otherwise), where should seek cost optimization not only present but future disruptive scenario with lack of fundamental resource: spectrum. Service Technology Spectrum 2600 MHz (B7) 700 MHz (B28) 450 MHz (B31) 4G (LTE) CDMA/TDMA Technology Life Cycle Ecosystem Total Cost Ownership Customer Experience Terminal Penetration & Cost Capacity&Spectral Efficiency Service Support Level of Terminal Subsidy License & Network Cost License Obligation Ecosystem Bandwidth Limitation Coverage & Capacity Interference Level of Terminal Subsidy Constrains & Decision Criteria
  • 12.
    Planning Framework VoiceData 2G 3G 4G (LTE) 900 MHz 1800 MHz 2100 MHz 2600 MHz Other Voice Data 2G 3G 4G (LTE) 900 MHz 1800 MHz 2100 MHz 2600 MHz VISION DEFINITION FRAMEWORK DEFINITION • Service characteristics requirements, traffic requirements Demand Analysis • Network service assessment, Capacity evaluation, System growth opportunity, Split cell vs interference, Spectrum availability, License obligation, New technologies System Analysis • Technology life cycle, Ecosystem analysis, Spectral efficiency Technology Analysis • Scenario options, Total Cost Analysis, Spectrum availability, License obligation, Scenario Analysis Network Planning Demand Voice & Data 풎풊풏 푻푪ퟏ 풊 (ퟏ + 푲)풊−푿 , ⋯ , 푻푪푵 풊 (ퟏ + 푲)풊−푿 푵 풊=푿 푵 풊=푿 ⇒ 퐓퐚퐫퐠퐞퐭 퐒퐜퐞퐧퐚퐫퐢퐨 Scenario 1 Scenario N ...  New Frequency  New Technology  New Site  Long term scenario  Required for service and technology evolution  Required for long term spectrum management Service and Strategic Needs Plan Acquire Maintain Renew/ Dispose
  • 13.
    System Capacity &Cost 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 200kHz 25 TRX 3,84MHz 1 WCDMA Carrier r R D i j i D j r R D i j i D j Codec FR D = 4 / Sector = 3 Reuse = 4 x 3 #Ckt/Sector= 2x7=14 Codec AMR 12.2 127 Walsh Codes Reuse = 1 %SHO=20% #Ckt/Sector = 64 24 Erl/BTS 160 Erl/NodeB r R D i j i D j PRBs ... 7 Symbols 12 subcarriers 25 Resource Blocks 700 Erl/eNB Codec AMR 12.2 25 PRBs - 300 REs 200 -250 users/ Sector 2G (GSM) 3G (UMTS/HSPA) LTE Sysm Capacity & Spectral Efficiency (Voice Capacity @ 5 MHz) NEW CELL SITE CAPEX SPECTRUM COST NETWORK COST 25% 45% 50% 52% 38% 35% 23% 17% 15% Rooftop 30m Tower 50m Tower Infra BTS Transport Source: Planning Area, Oi, 2012 New Cell Site represents a huge impact in Wireless Operation total cost. System capacity (Spectral Efficiency) in single site is the most important attribute. The 2G spectrum consumption is faster than 3G as voice traffic increases. Spectrum is a lack and valuable resource. 10 MHz can cost 500-1 Billion of Reais. 0 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz 30 MHz 10 Erl/BTS 50 Erl/BTS 90 Erl/BTS 130 Erl/BTS 2G 3G +14 MHz Cost Perspective $$$ $$$ $$$ $$$ $$$ 0,0 kErl 2,0 kErl 4,0 kErl 6,0 kErl 2G (4/4/4) 3G (1/1/1) 3X The cost per Erl to support voice on 3G is invariably cheaper than 2G . 6 kErl (~ 300k users), is 3 x the cost 2G. LTE Access Network is 7-10 times cheaper than 3G per Mbps.
  • 14.
    Customer Experience &Technology Lifecycle 0 Mbps 2 Mbps 4 Mbps 6 Mbps 2009201020112012201320142015 América Latina America do Norte Europa Ocidental Brazil It is expected that the average grows exponentially. In Brazil, the growth is 82% year-on-year by 2015 according to Cisco APPS & MARKET TRENDS QoE is the main motivation of churn and it will remain a key challenge for mobile operators and may in fact rise as the wireless value chain becomes increasingly decentralized. ITU-T Rec. P.10/G.100: The overall acceptability of an application or service, as perceived subjectively by the end-user. QOE DEFINITION Req. SLA QoS QoE SLA KQI KPI t- t t+ throughput u(t) u(t+) u(t-) u”(t) <0 Utility=QoE Utility function perfectly captures user satisfaction in terms of what they are willing to expect and pay. UTILITY FUNCTION VS QOE Users have more sensibility when lose than when win. Competitive Pressure Delighted Extremely Dissatisfied Dysfunctional Fully Functional Attractive Time Expected KANO´S MODEL Customer satisfaction has a positive correlation with how the product is functional. I.e., dysfunctional => bad experience; functional => Delighted Customer Experience Technology Lifecycle 2013 2019E CAGR 2013-2019 Worldwide mobile subscriptions* 6,700 9,300 6% – Smartphone subscriptions 1,900 5,600 20% – Mobile PC, tablet &modem r subs 300 750 15% – Mobile broadband subscriptions 2,100 800 25% – Mobile subscriptions, GSM/EDGE- 4,300 1,200 -20% – Mobile subscriptions, UMTS/HSPA 1,600 4,800 20% – Mobile subscriptions, LTE 175 2,600 55% Source: Ercisson Mobility Report 2013 SUBSCRIPTIONS RATE & FORECAST ASSET MANAGEMENT Network Planning Demand Voice & Data Scenario A Expand with existing technology Scenario B Start to change to a new technology Scen. A Scen. B Year X Ecosystem Cost Spectrum Cost 푻푪푨 푻푪푩 Choosen Scenario must be which will minimize VP of TCO. LIFECYCLE & TERMINAL SUBSIDY Utility Budget Restriction LTE HSPA+ 푴푹푺 = 흏푼 흏푳푻푬 흏푼 흏푯푺푷푨 + 풑푳푻푬 풑푯푺푷푨+ ≤ 푴푹푺 Utility Function Budget Restriction Subsidy level can minimize the TCO and it must be calculated as a function of how user is willing to pay for more throughput (Utility Function) and cost of spectrum and network (Asset Management)
  • 15.
    Split Cell and Site Densification Challenges
  • 16.
    Handling High DensityTraffic 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 0,0 Mbps/km2 500,0 Mbps/km2 1000,0 Mbps/km2 1500,0 Mbps/km2 2000,0 Mbps/km2 0,550 km 0,450 km 0,350 km 0,250 km DOWNTOWN: HIGH DENSITY TRAFFIC Coverage Radius Capacity 2015 Capacity 2016 Capacity 2017 A +63% C D +61% +54% B Green line represents the system capacity density. The capacity associated to coverage grid can capture the demand from 2013 till 2014 – Point A; However, for 2015 it is needed to increase 63% the number of sites, changing the exiting grid – Point B; In 2016 and 2017, they require more 61% and 54% more sites respectivelly; In that time, SmallCells are more appropriated infrastructure to save CapEx and OpEx; TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVES AND TOTAL COST OPERATION $$$ $$$ $$$ $$$ $$$ $$$ 1 x 3 x 5 x 7 x 9 x 2600 MHz (10) +1800 MHz (5) +1800 MHz (10) SmallCell 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Notes: 2600 MHz (10) : Basic Scenario; +1800 MHz (5): Additional 5 MHz using 1800 MHz in Basic Scenario coverage; +1800 (10): Same as above, but using 10 MHz; SmallCell: SmallCell using 2600 MHz with 10 MHz for bandwidth; TIMES BASIC SCENARIO COVERAGE CAPACITY  TCO  A B C Indifference between Macro 1800 & 2600 MHz Macro LTE 1800 MHz for coverage Dual layer Macro LTE 1800 & 2600 MHz 181 265 890 SmallCell 2600 MHz 푴풃풑풔 풌풎ퟐ
  • 17.
    New Architecture: CloudRAN Fronthaul Interface Hardware Backplane Backhaul Interface Hardware Hardware Poll Virtualization Layer (Ex.: Hypervisor/VMM) VM BBU 1 VM BBU N Core Network Cache & Local Breakout ... O&M/Control/Orchestrator Fronthaul: CPRI, OBSAI, ETSI ORI Internet RRU/ RRH Radio Unit Network Datacenter Only Radio Unit Backhaul IP RRU/ RRH Backhaul Core Network BBU BBU BBU Internet RRU/ RRH RRU/ RRH GbE Existing Deployed Topology Fronthaul Internet V-BBUs V-Core RRU/ RRH RRU/ RRH RRU/ RRH CPRI/ OBSAI Cloud RAN Topology DEPLOYMENT PARADIGM CHANGE PRINCIPLES AND ADVANTAGES ARCHITECTURE Network Function Virtualization Elastic & liquid Resources Operational Flexibility Reduces space and power consumption Reduces CapEx, OpEx and delivery time Software Defined Network Creates an abstraction layer for: controlling; faster development ; system service orchestration and overall system evolution; Open Development Interface Creates an open environment for new development; Catalyzes new SON & interference mitigation functionalities support;
  • 18.
     Site aquisition:Given the limitation on the scope of the small cell, you have to know exactly where the traffic is generated and get the rights to install that exact spot.  New types of leases should be developed.  The expectation for the installation of Small scale is Cells that are an order of magnitude greater than the macro cells .  Visual Polution: Due a number of SmallCells, the shape and format may impact in acceptance to install in building and public facilities.  Small cell radius of coverage is reduced compared to macro, it is necessary to locate accurately the traffic sources;  The installation of small cell (site acquisition) occurs with small error regarding the location planned.  Heterogeneous RF planning requires how traffic will be handled by each layer.  For maximum result from the limited range making the reuse of the spectrum.  Reuse requires a plan of distribution of the cells very well done.  IP Access (MPLS-TP, Metro Eth, MDU) , Giga- Ether over 150 Mbps per BTS  Required necessarily optical fiber, but Radio NLOS can be alternative for higher capillarity  New synchronism support (IEEE 1588, SyncE)  e-ICIC requires synchronism deviation around 1.5 s.  For CoMP, Latency must be below 1 ms  New interface other than IP: CPRI Backhaul & Fronthaul Pain Points  Downlink: Terminal camped on in macro is interfered by a small cell. And terminal served by a small cell to connect the edge of cell will be interfered by the macro cell.  Uplink : one terminal connected in macro and close to the cell border creates strong interference in a small cell next. And large number of connected terminals in small cells generate uplink interference in the macro cell.  They both are addressed with sofisticated mechanisms like ICIC, e-ICIC, Fe-ICIC, and CoMP Interference Mitigation  Mobility device in idle state impacts the relative load between layers and battery consumption and frequency of handovers.  Increase in handovers due to the small size of the cells increases the risk of dropped calls (Dropped Call Rate),  Devices in connected state may need to HO to a small cell and, if they are on different frequencies, will need efficient scheme discovery of small cell that minimizes the impact on battery consumption.  Traffic/Capacity balancing with several resources and frequencies Mobility Management Planning Deployment and Rollout  The range in the number of radio stations in the layer of Small Cells should be an order of magnitude larger than the current one.  The way to optimize and operate should fit depending less manual intervention. Resources SON (Self Organizing Networks) will be important to maintain a good performance.  Service Availability: Internal battery must be required for accomplishing service SLA requirements.  The licensing cost (TFI/TFF) was a recent issue but still exist for SmallCells with higher power Operational
  • 19.
    Alberto Boaventura alberto@oi.net.br+55 21 98875 4998 THANKS! OBRIGADO!