This document provides a review of key grammar concepts including parts of speech, clauses, phrases, sentences, subjects/predicates/verbs, verb tenses and more. Learners are asked to identify examples of each within sample text and classify elements based on the specified grammar rules. The review covers foundational elements often taught in pedagogical grammar courses.

1. TDC 1
Pedagogical Grammar
Class 5
Review

2. Review – Parts of Speech
In the paragraph below, find an example of each of the parts
of speech.
In grammar, a clause is what we call the smallest grammatical
unit that can express a complete proposition. In some languages, it
may be a pair or group of words that consists of a subject and a
predicate, although in other languages, in certain clauses, the
subject may not appear explicitly as a noun phrase, being instead
marked on the verb. The most basic kind of sentence consists of a
single clause. More complex sentences may contain multiple
clauses. Clauses may be independent or dependent. Independent
clauses are those that could stand as a sentence by
themselves, although they may be used connected with other
clauses in a longer sentence. Dependent clauses are those that
would be awkward or nonsensical if they are used alone, and they
must be used in a sentence that also contains an independent
clause.

3. Review – Clauses
Now identify the dependent clauses and classify them into
adjective, adverb or noun clauses.
In grammar, a clause is what we call the smallest grammatical
unit that can express a complete proposition. In some languages, it
may be a pair or group of words that consists of a subject and a
predicate, although in other languages, in certain clauses, the
subject may not appear explicitly as a noun phrase, being instead
marked on the verb. The most basic kind of sentence consists of a
single clause. More complex sentences may contain multiple
clauses. Clauses may be independent or dependent. Independent
clauses are those that could stand as a sentence by
themselves, although they may be used connected with other
clauses in a longer sentence. Dependent clauses are those that
would be awkward or nonsensical if they are used alone, and they
must be used in a sentence that also contains an independent
clause.

4. Review – Sentences
These sentences were taken from the text in the previous
slide. Classify them into simple, compound, complex or
compoud-complex sententes.
1. In grammar, a clause is what we call the smallest grammatical
unit that can express a complete proposition.
2. The most basic kind of sentence consists of a single clause.
3. Clauses may be independent or dependent.
4. Dependent clauses are those that would be awkward or
nonsensical if they are used alone, and they must be used in a
sentence that also contains an independent clause.

5. Review – Phrases
These are sentences from the paragraph you have analyzed.
Find the following types of phrases in them:
Noun Phrase Verb Phrase Adjective Phrase
Prepositional Phrase Adverb Phrase
1. In some languages, it may be a pair or group of words that
consists of a subject and a predicate, although in other
languages, in certain clauses, the subject may not appear explicitly
as a noun phrase, being instead marked on the verb.
2. More complex sentences may contain multiple clauses. Clauses
may be independent or dependent. Independent clauses are those
that could stand as a sentence by themselves, although they may
be used connected with other clauses in a longer sentence.

6. Review – Subject, Predicate, Verb Transitivity
Identify the sentences below, using the following abbreviations.
subject (s) transitive verb (tv) subject complement (sc)
direct object (do) intransitive verb (iv) object complement (oc)
indirect object (io) linking verb (lv)
1. The most basic kind of sentence consists of a single clause.
2. Clauses may be independent or dependent.
3. More complex sentences may contain multiple clauses.
4. One must consider these clauses dependent constructions.
5. Students must give the study of dependent clauses the proper
value.

7. Review – Verb Tenses
Come up with a verb in each of the tenses below.
1. simple present:
2. present progressive:
3. present perfect:
4. present perfect progressive:
5. simple past:
6. past progressive:
7. past perfect:
8. past perfect progressive:
9. simple future:
10. future progressive:
11. future perfect:
12. future perfect progressive: