This document defines and provides examples of different types of clauses: independent clauses, dependent clauses, noun clauses, adjective clauses, and adverb clauses. An independent clause can stand alone as a complete sentence, while a dependent clause cannot. A noun clause acts as a subject or object in a sentence. An adjective clause modifies a noun, and an adverb clause modifies a verb, adjective, or other clause. Examples are given for each type of clause to illustrate their structure and function within sentences.

1. “CLAUSE”

2.  the smallest grammatical
unit that can express a
complete thought. It contains
a subject and a predicate.

3. Independent Clause
 a clause that CAN stand by itself.
 contains a subject and a predicate.
 also known as Simple Sentence.
 can be joined by using a semicolon or
a coordinating conjunction (for, and,
nor, but, or, yet, so).

4. Examples:
 I drive a bus.
 I am a doctor, and my wife is a
lawyer.
 The doorbell rang.
 She smiled on the children.
 The girl is running.
 Since the hurricane hit, many people
have been suffering.

5. Dependent Clause
 also called as subordinate clause.
 it DOESN’T express a complete
thought.
 a clause that CANNOT stand alone
as a sentence.

6. Examples:
 when they came in
 until your father gets home
 because the door was open
 when it started raining
 when the boy called her
 after the party

7. Example sentences:
 She sang a song when it was her
turn.
 He hugged her although she was wet.
 Before the dance, she went home
 Whenever it rains, we get a ride from
father.
 His room was clean before his friends
came over.

8. Noun Clause
 takes the place of a noun in another
clause or phrase.
 acts as the SUBJECT or OBJECT of
a verb or the object of a preposition.
 it answers the questions WHO(m) or
WHAT.

9. Examples
 Noun
= I know Latin
 Noun clause
= I know that Latin is no longer spoken as
a native language.
 noun
= Their destination is unknown
 Noun clause
= where they are going is unknown

10. Noun
= ingredients
 Noun clause
= What aunt Nancy adds on her stew

11. Adjective clause
 takes the place of an adjective in
another clause.
 modifies a noun or pronoun
 answering the questions “which” or
“what kind of”
 begins with a relative pronoun who,
whom, whose, which or that.
 relative adverbs such as when, where
or why

12. Examples
 whom Mrs.Russell hit in the head with
a chalk eraser.
 He has spilled over the glass and
splashed onto the counter.
 Who loves pizza?

13. Examples
 Adjective
= the RED coat
 Adjective clause
=the coat which I bought yesterday

14. Adverb clause
 takes place of an adverb in another
clause or phrase.
 answers the questions “when?”,
“where?”, “why?”, “with what result”
and “under what condition”.

15. Examples
 The premier gave a speech here.
= the premier gave a speech where the
workers were striking.
 As soon as they were married, she
began to miss her bulldog.
 His dog follows him wherever he
goes.
 She married him because he looked
just like her bulldog.