The document discusses the TCP/IP protocol suite. It provides a brief history, stating that TCP/IP was created by DARPA in the 1970s for ARPANET and was designed for UNIX. It describes the key protocols of TCP and IP and compares the TCP/IP model to the OSI model. The document outlines the layers of TCP/IP including the application, transport, network, and physical/data link layers. It notes advantages like being nonproprietary and compatible with all systems, and disadvantages including size and potential speed issues.

1. DATA
COMMUNICATION AND
NETWORK
TOPIC
TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITS

2. GROUP MEMBERS
•AQSA REHMAN (17581556-023)
•RABIA ZAFAR (17581556-045)
•MUBARAKA NAZIR (17581556-037)

4. TCP/IP INTRODUCTION
• The internet protocol suite (commonly known As TCP/IP) is the set of communications
Protocols used for the internet and other similar Networks.
It is named from two of the most important protocols In it:
• The transmission control protocol (TCP) and
• The internet protocol (IP), which were the first two networking
• Protocols defined in this standard..

5. HISTORY OF TCP/IP
• THE DEFENSE ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY (DARPA), THE
RESEARCH BRANCH OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, CREATED THE
TCP/IP MODEL IN THE 1970S FOR USE IN ARPANET.
• A WIDE AREA NETWORK THAT PRECEDED THE INTERNET.
• TCP/IP WAS ORIGINALLY DESIGNED FOR THE UNIX OPERATING SYSTEM.
• IT HAS BEEN BUILT INTO ALL OF THE OPERATING SYSTEMS THAT CAME AFTER
IT.
• THE TCP/IP MODEL AND ITS RELATED PROTOCOLS ARE NOW MAINTAINED BY
THE INTERNET ENGINEER

6. MORE ABOUT TCP/IP
• TCP/IP SPECIFIES HOW DATA IS EXCHANGED OVER THE INTERNET BY PROVIDING
END-TO-END COMMUNICATIONS.
• TCP/IP REQUIRES LITTLE CENTRAL MANAGEMENT.
• Two protocols
• TCP defines how applications can create channels of communication across a network. IT
ALSO MANAGES HOW A MESSAGE IS ASSEMBLED INTO SMALLER PACKETS BEFORE
THEY ARE THEN TRANSMITTED.
• DEFINES HOW TO ADDRESS AND ROUTE EACH PACKET TO MAKE SURE IT REACHES
THE RIGHT DESTINATION

7. COMPARISON BETWEEN OSI MODEL AND TCP
IP

8. APPLICATION LAYER
• This layer is comparable to the application , presentation, and session layers of the OSI
model all combined into one.
• It provides a way for applications to have access to networked services.
• This layer also contains the high level Protocols. like SMTP , FTTP ETC.

9. TRANSPORT LAYER
• This layer acts as the delivery service used by the application layer.
• Again the two protocols used are TCP and UDP.
• The choice is made based on the application's transmission reliability requirements.
• The transport layer also handles all error detection and recovery.
• It uses checksums, acknowledgements, and timeouts to control transmissions and end
to end verification.
• Unlike the OSI model, TCP/IP treats reliability as an end-to-end problem

10. NETWORK LAYER(INTERNET LAYER)
• The network layer, also called the internet layer, deals with packets and connects
independent networks to transport the packets across network boundaries.
• The main protocol used at this layer is ip.
• Some famous protocols are
• ICMP, IGMP, RARP, ARP.

11. PHYSICAL AND DATA LINK LAYERS
• AT THE PHYSICAL AND DATA LINK LAYERS, TCPIIP DOES NOT DEFINE ANY
SPECIFIC PROTOCOL. IT
• SUPPORTS ALL THE STANDARD AND PROPRIETARY PROTOCOLS. A NETWORK
IN A TCPIIP INTERNETWORK
• CAN BE A LOCAL-AREA NETWORK OR A WIDE-AREA NETWORK.

12. ADVANTAGES OF TCP/IP
• TCP/IP is nonproprietary and, as a result, is not controlled by any single company.
• Therefore, the internet protocol suite can be modified easily.
• It is compatible with all operating systems, so it can communicate with any other
system.
• The internet protocol suite is also compatible with all types of computer hardware and
networks.

13. THE DISADVANTAGES OF TCP/IP
• The disadvantages of TCP/IP, or transmission control protocol/internet protocol, are its
size and its speed.
• Because tcp/ip is built for wide-area networks, its size can be an issue in small networks
with limited resources,.
• Because Tcp/Ip runs several layers concurrently, it can slow down network speeds.