1. CASE STUDY OF SUGAR INDUSTRY
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2. •Transportation of the raw material to a sugar mill or processing facility
•Washing and initial preparation of the raw material
•Extraction of the juice from the raw material
•Clarification and filtration of the juice to remove impurities
•Boiling of the juice to create raw sugar
•Crystallization and drying of the raw sugar to create granulated sugar
•Centrifugation to separate the sugar crystals from the molasses
•Drying and packaging of the sugar for distribution
PROCESS OF SUGAR IN SUGAR
INDUSTRIES
3. Extraction of Juice
The sugarcane is passed through preparatory devices like knives for cutting the
stalks into fine chips before being subjected to crushing in a milling tandem
comprising 4 to 6 roller mills. In the best milling practice, more than 95% of the sugar
of cane is extracted into the juice.
4. Evaporation
The syrup will again have treated with sulphur dioxide before being
send to the pan station for crystallization of sugar. Crystallization takes
place in single-effect vacuum pans, where the syrup is evaporating until
saturated with sugar. At this point “seed grain” is added to serve as a
nucleus for the sugar crystals, and more syrup is add as water evaporates.
5. Clarification
The treated juice on boiling fed to continuous clarifier from which the
clear juice is decanted while the settled impurities known as mud is sent to
rotary drum vacuum filter for removal of unwanted stuff called filter cake.
It is discarded or returned to the field as fertilizer.
6. Centrifugation
The massecuite from crystallizer is drawn into revolving machines called
centrifuges. The perforated lining retains the sugar crystals, which may be washed with
water, if desired. The mother liquor
“molasses” passes through the lining because of the centrifugal force exerted and after
the sugar is “purged” it is cut down leaving the centrifuge ready for another charge of
massecuite.
7. Gradation & Packing
The final product in the form of sugar crystal is dropped through
pan section and this sugar is graded and picked in 50 kg bags. The
grade of the sugar depends on the size of the crystal viz. Small (S) and
Medium (M)
10. Wastewater Collection: Sugar mills generate wastewater from various sources, including sugarcane
washing, juice extraction, and the cleaning of equipment. Proper collection systems are put in place
to gather this wastewater efficiently.
Primary Treatment : Wastewater undergoes primary treatment to remove large solids, such as
fibrous materials and other organic matter, through processes like screening and sedimentation.
This helps prevent clogging in downstream treatment units.
Secondary Treatment : Secondary treatment processes, often biological in nature, are used to
break down organic pollutants. Common methods include activated sludge systems and aerobic
treatment ponds. These processes help reduce the organic load and improve water quality.
Tertiary Treatment: In some cases, additional treatment is required to further purify the
effluent. This may involve processes like filtration or chemical treatment to remove remaining
contaminants and improve the treated water's quality.
11. sludge Management: The treatment processes generate sludge, which contains residual solids and
microorganisms. The sludge can be processed and managed through methods like dewatering,
digestion, and disposal in an environmentally responsible manner.
Effluent Discharge: Treated wastewater that meets regulatory standards can be safely discharged into
receiving water bodies or used for irrigation or other non-potable purposes. Compliance with local
environmental regulations is essential.
Efficiency and Recycling: Water recycling and reuse initiatives are increasingly important in the sugar
industry. Treated wastewater can be used for irrigation in sugarcane fields or for cooling and other
non-contact processes in the mill, reducing the demand for freshwater.
Environmental Monitoring: Ongoing monitoring of water quality and environmental impacts is
conducted to ensure that the sugar industry's wastewater management practices are effective and
sustainable.
Compliance with Regulations:* The sugar industry must comply with local and national regulations
related to wastewater discharge and environmental protection. This involves regular reporting and
cooperation with regulatory authorities.
