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Cane sugar engineering
- 1. CANESUGAR ENGINEERING BY: MUHAMMAD WASEEM AKBAR(0304-8682077) DEPARTMENT OF FOOD ENGINEERING, UAF, PAKISTAN
- 2. Contents f presentation Focusing on unit operations in sucrose processing industry in Pakistan
- 3. Introduction to sugarcane An important cash crop of Pakistan Provide employment to nearly 1 million people Area = 0.988 million ha. Production = 49.3 million tones GDP = 0.8 % Value addition = 3.6 % Sugar recovery = 9.10
- 4. What is Cane Sugar Industry A sugar processing industry converts raw sugarcane to a refined form of cane sugar with other useful byproducts
- 5. Units Operations of Sugar Industry Washing Cutting Extraction Clarification Evaporation Crystallization Centrifugation Drying Sieving Packaging
- 6. Washing Apply water to the sugarcane before cutting to remove dirt and other dust residue that are stickled with sugarcane Simple type of nozzle are attached with water pipes to remove mud, by applying water at high velocity(nozzle), while the sugarcane is conveyed as well.
- 7. Cutting Basically, a size reduction procedure. Mechanical Knives are used to cut sugarcane to smaller pieces, because if long un cut cane is pressed in-between roller of mills, It may slipped or some other problems occurs. Mostly more than one cutters are used to achieve this operation Rotational speed of these mechanical knives are 600-1200 rpm, speed of these knives is set according to the speed of conveyer
- 8. Continued…
- 9. Extraction of juice Juice from the sugarcane is extract by pressing it in-between rollers Mostly roller mills are used for this purpose in Pakistan 3-6 rollers are attached in this roller mills (Hugot et. al) Number of roller mills are connected to obtained maximum juice called mill train or mill tandem
- 10. Juice Extraction
- 12. Clarification Clarification of juice is usually done to remove solid particles or suspended solids from the juice. (Filtration) The particles are settle down due to difference of density (sedimentation), when milk of lime is added, this process is continued for about 90 minutes The filtered juice is then sent for further processing and muddy juice is separated from the bottom and then removed
- 13. Evaporation Evaporation of juice is carried out in evaporators in order to make juice more thick. This thick juice obtained from evaporators is called syrup Mostly, the degree brix of this thick juice is 65-70% Generally, the evaporation is carried out by shell and tube phenomenon
- 14. Crystallization The juice is again heated to make it more thick, so to achieve crystallization Sometimes some crystals are added by self to achieve crystallization These crystals are separated out by using centrifugal machines
- 15. Centrifugation Centrifugation is a process of separating of molasses and sugar crystals Different grades of molasses are separated by using centrifuges e.g A-heavy, B-heavy, C-heavy
- 16. Drying Sugar crystals are dried with the help of sugar dryers Caller fans are used for drying of wet sugar crystals Hot air is provided to sugar crystals to achieve rapid drying
- 17. Sieving Sugar moves overs sifter, which has to and fro motion Different sizes of mesh sieves are used for this purpose The purpose of sieving is to separate large crystals from very fine crystals of sugar
- 18. Packaging Packaging of Suagrcane in done in simple 50 kg sacks in Pakistan Further it is reduced to smaller packs for consumer by the retailers
- 19. References Handbook of Cane sugar Engineering By Hugot, Units operations in cane sugar production By Howard http;/youtube.com/cane sugar production practices/.
- 20. Dreams is not what you see in sleep, is the thing which doesn’t let you sleep (A.P.J ABDUL KALAM AZAD)
- 21. QUESTIONS ASK FREELY as many questions as you can