Tablet Granulation process by Gaurav Kumar Sharma
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The document discusses various tablet granulation techniques. It defines granulation as a process where small particles adhere together through bonding, forming larger aggregates called granules. The key granulation methods described are direct compression, dry granulation, wet granulation, and granulation by crystallization. Wet granulation is identified as the most versatile technique, imparting desirable physical properties to granules for tablet compression.
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Wet granulation
Wet granulation is a process that uses a granulating liquid like ethanol or water to mix powder particles. It involves mixing powders and a binder solution, sieving the wet mixture, drying the granules, and sieving the dry granules. Common methods are shear granulation, fluid bed granulation, and spheronization which forms spheres or pellets. Wet granulation produces granules that compress well and result in tablets with consistent properties, though it uses more energy than dry granulation and powders must be stable with water.
Granulation ppt
The document discusses different granulation techniques used in pharmaceutical manufacturing. It describes granulation as a size enlargement process used to improve properties like flowability and compressibility of powders for tablet making. The key granulation methods covered are wet granulation, dry granulation, and direct compression. Wet granulation involves using a liquid to form granules and allows for a wide range of excipients. Dry granulation uses pressure rather than liquid. Direct compression can be used for materials with good compression properties. Modern techniques like steam granulation are also briefly mentioned.
Pelletization - classification, advantages,uses, mechanism,equipments
The all the content in this profile is completed by the teachers, students as well as other health care peoples.
thank you, all the respected peoples, for giving the information to complete this presentation.
this information is free to use by anyone.
Granulation and techniques
it provide a better understanding on the topics of granulation And Modern Equipment used in this process
Pharmaceutical granules
Granules are spherical aggregations of fine powder particles that are formed to avoid segregation of particles with different sizes/densities, enhance powder flowability, improve compressibility, and reduce hazards from toxic dust. Granules are used either as pharmaceutical dosages themselves that dissolve quickly or as intermediates in tablet production. Wet granulation is the most common production method, involving mixing powder with a liquid to form a paste, then granulating the paste using equipment like mixers. The liquid must mildly dissolve powder to form bonds between particles as it dries. Granule quality depends on the liquid, equipment, and powder properties.
Tablet processing problems
This document discusses common tablet processing problems and their remedies. It describes visual defects like capping, lamination, cracking, chipping, sticking, picking, and binding that can occur during tablet manufacturing. The causes of each defect are explained in terms of formulation issues like moisture content, binder amount, granule size, and machine issues like die wear, concavity, and speed. Solutions provided include optimizing the formulation through proper drying, lubrication, and binder selection, as well as adjusting machine settings like tapered dies, lubricated punches, and reduced speed or pressure. Overall, the document aims to help industrial pharmacists address problems in tablet manufacturing.
Tablet formulation ppt
This presentation discusses tablet formulation and manufacturing. Tablets are defined as compressed solid dosage forms containing active ingredients with or without excipients. Tablets offer advantages for large scale production, packaging/shipping, stability, and dosage precision. Ingredients include active drugs and excipients like diluents, binders, disintegrants, lubricants. Tableting methods include direct compression, wet and dry granulation. Tablet presses include single-punch and multi-station rotary presses. Process steps are filling, compression, and ejection. Common problems are capping and lamination from air entrapment.
Capsule's
Capsules are solid dosage forms that contain a drug enclosed within a hard or soft soluble shell, usually made of gelatin. There are two main types: hard gelatin capsules, which consist of two pieces that are joined, and soft gelatin capsules, which have a soft, one-piece shell. Capsules offer benefits like being tasteless, odorless, and easy to administer, and allow for flexible dosing. However, some drugs are not suitable for capsules due to stability issues. Capsules are manufactured through various processes depending on the type, including dipping, spinning, drying, filling, and sealing. They must pass quality tests like weight variation and content uniformity testing.
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Wet granulation
Wet granulation is a process that uses a granulating liquid like ethanol or water to mix powder particles. It involves mixing powders and a binder solution, sieving the wet mixture, drying the granules, and sieving the dry granules. Common methods are shear granulation, fluid bed granulation, and spheronization which forms spheres or pellets. Wet granulation produces granules that compress well and result in tablets with consistent properties, though it uses more energy than dry granulation and powders must be stable with water.
Granulation ppt
The document discusses different granulation techniques used in pharmaceutical manufacturing. It describes granulation as a size enlargement process used to improve properties like flowability and compressibility of powders for tablet making. The key granulation methods covered are wet granulation, dry granulation, and direct compression. Wet granulation involves using a liquid to form granules and allows for a wide range of excipients. Dry granulation uses pressure rather than liquid. Direct compression can be used for materials with good compression properties. Modern techniques like steam granulation are also briefly mentioned.
Pelletization - classification, advantages,uses, mechanism,equipments
The all the content in this profile is completed by the teachers, students as well as other health care peoples.
thank you, all the respected peoples, for giving the information to complete this presentation.
this information is free to use by anyone.
Granulation and techniques
it provide a better understanding on the topics of granulation And Modern Equipment used in this process
Pharmaceutical granules
Granules are spherical aggregations of fine powder particles that are formed to avoid segregation of particles with different sizes/densities, enhance powder flowability, improve compressibility, and reduce hazards from toxic dust. Granules are used either as pharmaceutical dosages themselves that dissolve quickly or as intermediates in tablet production. Wet granulation is the most common production method, involving mixing powder with a liquid to form a paste, then granulating the paste using equipment like mixers. The liquid must mildly dissolve powder to form bonds between particles as it dries. Granule quality depends on the liquid, equipment, and powder properties.
Tablet processing problems
This document discusses common tablet processing problems and their remedies. It describes visual defects like capping, lamination, cracking, chipping, sticking, picking, and binding that can occur during tablet manufacturing. The causes of each defect are explained in terms of formulation issues like moisture content, binder amount, granule size, and machine issues like die wear, concavity, and speed. Solutions provided include optimizing the formulation through proper drying, lubrication, and binder selection, as well as adjusting machine settings like tapered dies, lubricated punches, and reduced speed or pressure. Overall, the document aims to help industrial pharmacists address problems in tablet manufacturing.
Tablet formulation ppt
This presentation discusses tablet formulation and manufacturing. Tablets are defined as compressed solid dosage forms containing active ingredients with or without excipients. Tablets offer advantages for large scale production, packaging/shipping, stability, and dosage precision. Ingredients include active drugs and excipients like diluents, binders, disintegrants, lubricants. Tableting methods include direct compression, wet and dry granulation. Tablet presses include single-punch and multi-station rotary presses. Process steps are filling, compression, and ejection. Common problems are capping and lamination from air entrapment.
Capsule's
Capsules are solid dosage forms that contain a drug enclosed within a hard or soft soluble shell, usually made of gelatin. There are two main types: hard gelatin capsules, which consist of two pieces that are joined, and soft gelatin capsules, which have a soft, one-piece shell. Capsules offer benefits like being tasteless, odorless, and easy to administer, and allow for flexible dosing. However, some drugs are not suitable for capsules due to stability issues. Capsules are manufactured through various processes depending on the type, including dipping, spinning, drying, filling, and sealing. They must pass quality tests like weight variation and content uniformity testing.
Dry granulation
Dry granulation is used to granulate materials that cannot withstand heat or moisture. There are two main dry granulation methods: slugging and roller compaction. Roller compaction is now more commonly used. It involves compressing powder between two rollers to form dense flakes that are then milled into granules. Roller compaction offers continuous processing, better control, and higher output compared to slugging. Key variables of roller compaction include roller pressure, gap, and speed. Dry granulation is suitable for heat- or moisture-sensitive drugs and can improve tablet properties.
Tablets
A detailed study on tablets, its classification, excipients, tablet granulation, methods of granulation, compression machines, equipment tooling and the problems that occur during the tablet manufacturing process. This presentation is based on the PCI syllabus for bpharm students of fifth semester.
Tablet Granulation Process by Gaurav Kumar Sharma
Granulation process may be defined as a process wherein small particles adhere together by forming bonds between them , resulting in the formation of large aggregates called granules.
Capsules
Capsules are solid dosage forms that enclose one or more active ingredients within a soluble shell, typically made of gelatin. There are two main types: hard-shelled capsules containing dry powders, and soft-shelled capsules used for oils. Capsules are manufactured through a process involving dipping pins in gelatin solutions to form the shells, drying, stripping from the pins, trimming, joining the cap and body portions, and polishing. Various sizes of empty capsules are commercially available. Capsules offer benefits like ease of swallowing and unit dosing but require specialized filling equipment for industrial production.
Rotary tablet press
This document summarizes a presentation on multi-station or rotary tablet presses. It begins with an introduction explaining that rotary tablet presses use multiple tooling stations to compress powder mixtures into tablets simultaneously, unlike single punch presses. It then discusses applications in pharmaceutical and other industries. The main parts and working mechanism are described, including stages of the compression process. Advantages of high productivity and disadvantages of high costs and complexity are provided. Maintenance tips like automated cleaning and inspection are suggested to extend the life of tooling. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of choosing an appropriate tooling design for the specific tablet application.
Parenteral production
The document discusses the manufacturing process of parenteral preparations. It describes parenterals as sterile liquids or solids for injection or implantation. The manufacturing process involves planning, material management, production, quality control testing, filling, and packaging. Production areas are divided into strict zones based on cleanliness. Environmental controls and facility design aim to prevent contamination, with areas for filling, weighing, storage, and administration. Personnel flow and utility locations are also considered for efficiency.
Extrution spheronization
This document discusses extrusion and spheronization processes used in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Extrusion forces material through a die to create desired shapes, while spheronization forms small spheres between 0.5-10mm in diameter. Key advantages of spheres include optimal flow, reproducible packing, minimum surface area, and ability to easily coat for controlled release. The process involves mixing, extruding through a screw or basket extruder to form extrudates, spheronizing using a rotating friction plate to form spheres, and optional coating. Key factors that affect spheronization include disc speed and load, groove geometry, product properties, and retention time. Various sized extruders and spheronizers are described for
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Tablet granulation ppt
Granulation is the process of binding particles together to form larger granules. There are two main types: dry granulation which uses no liquid, and wet granulation which uses a liquid binding solution. Wet granulation methods include fluidized bed granulation, tumbling granulation using drums or pans, and mixer-granulation. Fluidized bed granulation controls moisture content to prevent defluidization or lack of agglomeration. Tumbling granulation forms larger granules of 2-20mm using centrifugal forces. Mixer-granulators provide high shear mixing for granulation or dispersion using paddles or pins.
Roller compactor
This presentation discusses roller compactors, which are used to press powders into solid compacts like flakes or sheets. Key factors that affect roller compaction include compaction pressure, feeding screw speed, and roll speed. A roller compactor generally consists of a feeding system, compaction unit with counter-rotating rolls, and a size reduction unit. It works by applying force between the rolls to compact powders into a ribbon. Roller compactors can have either a fixed or floating gap between rolls. The major advantages include avoiding solvents, suitability for heat-sensitive compounds, and producing porous tablets for improved dissolution. Applications in pharmaceuticals include excipient production, drug compaction, herbal extract granulation, and
Methods used for the manufacture of tablets
The document describes three main methods for manufacturing tablets: wet granulation, dry granulation, and direct compression. Wet granulation involves using a liquid such as water to form granules, then drying the granules. It produces tablets with good mechanical properties but requires multiple steps. Dry granulation uses compaction without liquid to form granules. Direct compression compresses powder directly without a granulation step, making it faster but requiring special excipients. Each method has advantages and disadvantages related to processing steps, equipment needs, stability concerns, and tablet properties.
Capsules
Capsules are solid dosage forms that enclose the drug substance within a soluble shell or envelope, primarily for oral delivery. There are two main types: hard gelatin capsules that contain solid medicines, and soft gelatin capsules that contain liquid or semi-solid medicines. Hard gelatin capsules are manufactured through a dipping, spinning, drying, and joining process to form two-piece capsules. Soft gelatin capsules are produced through plate or rotary die processes that fill and seal liquid-filled shells simultaneously. Both types require drying and may be polished before storage.
Tablets formulation
This document provides information about tablets, including their formulation, design, manufacturing, types, advantages, and excipients. Tablets are solid oral dosage forms made by compressing powder mixtures into various shapes. They have advantages like precise dosing and ease of production. The document discusses different granulation and compression methods used in tablet manufacturing. It also describes common excipients like diluents, binders, disintegrants, lubricants and their functions in tablets.
Tablet compression machine
The document describes the process and key components of a tablet compression machine. The machine uses punches and dies to compress powder or granules into tablets. It has several stations that rotate to precisely fill the dies, compress the powder under high pressure, and eject the finished tablets. The main stages are filling the die cavity, adjusting the powder weight, compressing the powder between the punches, and ejecting the tablet. Critical parts include the hopper, feeder system, punches, dies, turret, cam tracks, and rollers which work together to automate tablet production.
Granulation
Granulation is a process that involves sticking small particles together to form larger, multiparticle structures called granules. This is commonly done in the pharmaceutical industry to produce granules that will later be used in tablet or capsule manufacturing. There are two main types of granulation - wet granulation, which uses a liquid to bind particles together, and dry granulation, which uses pressure without a liquid. Wet granulation is more common and involves mixing powder particles with a liquid and then forcing the wet mass through a sieve to form wet granules that are then dried. Shear granulators are a common type of granulator used for wet granulation that uses rotating blades to force the wet mass through a sieve to produce granules of a
Granulation process and types of granulators
Granulation is the process of binding particles together to form larger granules. There are two main types: dry granulation which uses no liquid, and wet granulation which uses a liquid binding solution. Wet granulation methods include fluidized bed granulation where granulation and drying occur together, tumbling granulation using drums or pans where particles are set in motion by tumbling forces, and mixer-granulators which use high shear mixing to form agglomerates. Key steps in wet granulation are wetting, nucleation and binder distribution, consolidation and growth, and attrition and breakage. Granule size and properties depend on the specific granulation equipment used.
Granulation ppt.
The document discusses various granulation techniques used in pharmaceutical manufacturing. It begins with an introduction to granules and granulation. It then covers different granulation methods including dry granulation, wet granulation and advanced techniques like fluid bed granulation, extrusion-spheronization, steam granulation and melt granulation. The document provides details on the process, equipment used, advantages and disadvantages of each method. It aims to explain why granulation is important and the various ways it can be achieved.
Tablet coating defects
This document discusses tablet coating defects, their causes, and remedies. It begins with an introduction to tablet coating and why it is done. Common coating defects are then described such as blistering, cratering, pitting, blooming, blushing, orange peel, sticking, picking, color variation, bridging, erosion, and twinning. The causes and remedies for each defect are provided. Critical parameters for successful tablet coating are also listed, including nozzle spacing, spray pattern, spray speed, droplet size, drying temperature, and air speed. References on tablet coating and manufacturing defects are included at the end.
Parenteral Products
The document discusses parenteral products and their administration. It defines parenteral as referring to administration by injection rather than orally, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. It then discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the parenteral route, including faster systemic delivery but also risks of infection. The document outlines various routes of parenteral injection and provides details on procedures like subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous injection. It also discusses formulation, processing, and quality testing of parenteral products.
TABLET COMPRESSION MACHINE
The most common method of drug delivery is oral dosage
form of which tablet and capsule are predominant.
Tablet is more accepted as compared to capsule due to
many reason such as cost, tamper resistance, ease of
handling, ease of identification and manufacturing efficiency.
Tablet compression process understanding is resulted in
development of formulation.
Recent advances in the design of tablet compression
equipment has conducted resulted in higher efficiency,
minimized tablet variation, greater flexibility.
Specific role of excipients in tablet production
The document summarizes the specific roles of various excipients used in tablet production, including diluents, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, glidants, coloring agents, sweetening agents, and coating agents. It describes the mechanisms by which each excipient functions and provides examples. Key excipients discussed include lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, starch, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sodium starch glycolate, talc, magnesium stearate, silicon dioxide, ferric oxide, sucrose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
tablet presentation
The document discusses different types of tablets, their advantages and disadvantages, ingredients used in tablets including diluents, binders, disintegrants, lubricants and other excipients. It describes various commonly used excipients, their functions and provides examples. The document also covers different types of tablets based on how they are administered and how they are used.
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Dry granulation
Dry granulation is used to granulate materials that cannot withstand heat or moisture. There are two main dry granulation methods: slugging and roller compaction. Roller compaction is now more commonly used. It involves compressing powder between two rollers to form dense flakes that are then milled into granules. Roller compaction offers continuous processing, better control, and higher output compared to slugging. Key variables of roller compaction include roller pressure, gap, and speed. Dry granulation is suitable for heat- or moisture-sensitive drugs and can improve tablet properties.
Tablets
A detailed study on tablets, its classification, excipients, tablet granulation, methods of granulation, compression machines, equipment tooling and the problems that occur during the tablet manufacturing process. This presentation is based on the PCI syllabus for bpharm students of fifth semester.
Tablet Granulation Process by Gaurav Kumar Sharma
Granulation process may be defined as a process wherein small particles adhere together by forming bonds between them , resulting in the formation of large aggregates called granules.
Capsules
Capsules are solid dosage forms that enclose one or more active ingredients within a soluble shell, typically made of gelatin. There are two main types: hard-shelled capsules containing dry powders, and soft-shelled capsules used for oils. Capsules are manufactured through a process involving dipping pins in gelatin solutions to form the shells, drying, stripping from the pins, trimming, joining the cap and body portions, and polishing. Various sizes of empty capsules are commercially available. Capsules offer benefits like ease of swallowing and unit dosing but require specialized filling equipment for industrial production.
Rotary tablet press
This document summarizes a presentation on multi-station or rotary tablet presses. It begins with an introduction explaining that rotary tablet presses use multiple tooling stations to compress powder mixtures into tablets simultaneously, unlike single punch presses. It then discusses applications in pharmaceutical and other industries. The main parts and working mechanism are described, including stages of the compression process. Advantages of high productivity and disadvantages of high costs and complexity are provided. Maintenance tips like automated cleaning and inspection are suggested to extend the life of tooling. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of choosing an appropriate tooling design for the specific tablet application.
Parenteral production
The document discusses the manufacturing process of parenteral preparations. It describes parenterals as sterile liquids or solids for injection or implantation. The manufacturing process involves planning, material management, production, quality control testing, filling, and packaging. Production areas are divided into strict zones based on cleanliness. Environmental controls and facility design aim to prevent contamination, with areas for filling, weighing, storage, and administration. Personnel flow and utility locations are also considered for efficiency.
Extrution spheronization
This document discusses extrusion and spheronization processes used in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Extrusion forces material through a die to create desired shapes, while spheronization forms small spheres between 0.5-10mm in diameter. Key advantages of spheres include optimal flow, reproducible packing, minimum surface area, and ability to easily coat for controlled release. The process involves mixing, extruding through a screw or basket extruder to form extrudates, spheronizing using a rotating friction plate to form spheres, and optional coating. Key factors that affect spheronization include disc speed and load, groove geometry, product properties, and retention time. Various sized extruders and spheronizers are described for
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Pareneteral dosage forms: Definition, Advantages, Disadvantages, Types, Formulation, Manufacturing and Evaluation
Tablet granulation ppt
Granulation is the process of binding particles together to form larger granules. There are two main types: dry granulation which uses no liquid, and wet granulation which uses a liquid binding solution. Wet granulation methods include fluidized bed granulation, tumbling granulation using drums or pans, and mixer-granulation. Fluidized bed granulation controls moisture content to prevent defluidization or lack of agglomeration. Tumbling granulation forms larger granules of 2-20mm using centrifugal forces. Mixer-granulators provide high shear mixing for granulation or dispersion using paddles or pins.
Roller compactor
This presentation discusses roller compactors, which are used to press powders into solid compacts like flakes or sheets. Key factors that affect roller compaction include compaction pressure, feeding screw speed, and roll speed. A roller compactor generally consists of a feeding system, compaction unit with counter-rotating rolls, and a size reduction unit. It works by applying force between the rolls to compact powders into a ribbon. Roller compactors can have either a fixed or floating gap between rolls. The major advantages include avoiding solvents, suitability for heat-sensitive compounds, and producing porous tablets for improved dissolution. Applications in pharmaceuticals include excipient production, drug compaction, herbal extract granulation, and
Methods used for the manufacture of tablets
The document describes three main methods for manufacturing tablets: wet granulation, dry granulation, and direct compression. Wet granulation involves using a liquid such as water to form granules, then drying the granules. It produces tablets with good mechanical properties but requires multiple steps. Dry granulation uses compaction without liquid to form granules. Direct compression compresses powder directly without a granulation step, making it faster but requiring special excipients. Each method has advantages and disadvantages related to processing steps, equipment needs, stability concerns, and tablet properties.
Capsules
Capsules are solid dosage forms that enclose the drug substance within a soluble shell or envelope, primarily for oral delivery. There are two main types: hard gelatin capsules that contain solid medicines, and soft gelatin capsules that contain liquid or semi-solid medicines. Hard gelatin capsules are manufactured through a dipping, spinning, drying, and joining process to form two-piece capsules. Soft gelatin capsules are produced through plate or rotary die processes that fill and seal liquid-filled shells simultaneously. Both types require drying and may be polished before storage.
Tablets formulation
This document provides information about tablets, including their formulation, design, manufacturing, types, advantages, and excipients. Tablets are solid oral dosage forms made by compressing powder mixtures into various shapes. They have advantages like precise dosing and ease of production. The document discusses different granulation and compression methods used in tablet manufacturing. It also describes common excipients like diluents, binders, disintegrants, lubricants and their functions in tablets.
Tablet compression machine
The document describes the process and key components of a tablet compression machine. The machine uses punches and dies to compress powder or granules into tablets. It has several stations that rotate to precisely fill the dies, compress the powder under high pressure, and eject the finished tablets. The main stages are filling the die cavity, adjusting the powder weight, compressing the powder between the punches, and ejecting the tablet. Critical parts include the hopper, feeder system, punches, dies, turret, cam tracks, and rollers which work together to automate tablet production.
Granulation
Granulation is a process that involves sticking small particles together to form larger, multiparticle structures called granules. This is commonly done in the pharmaceutical industry to produce granules that will later be used in tablet or capsule manufacturing. There are two main types of granulation - wet granulation, which uses a liquid to bind particles together, and dry granulation, which uses pressure without a liquid. Wet granulation is more common and involves mixing powder particles with a liquid and then forcing the wet mass through a sieve to form wet granules that are then dried. Shear granulators are a common type of granulator used for wet granulation that uses rotating blades to force the wet mass through a sieve to produce granules of a
Granulation process and types of granulators
Granulation is the process of binding particles together to form larger granules. There are two main types: dry granulation which uses no liquid, and wet granulation which uses a liquid binding solution. Wet granulation methods include fluidized bed granulation where granulation and drying occur together, tumbling granulation using drums or pans where particles are set in motion by tumbling forces, and mixer-granulators which use high shear mixing to form agglomerates. Key steps in wet granulation are wetting, nucleation and binder distribution, consolidation and growth, and attrition and breakage. Granule size and properties depend on the specific granulation equipment used.
Granulation ppt.
The document discusses various granulation techniques used in pharmaceutical manufacturing. It begins with an introduction to granules and granulation. It then covers different granulation methods including dry granulation, wet granulation and advanced techniques like fluid bed granulation, extrusion-spheronization, steam granulation and melt granulation. The document provides details on the process, equipment used, advantages and disadvantages of each method. It aims to explain why granulation is important and the various ways it can be achieved.
Tablet coating defects
This document discusses tablet coating defects, their causes, and remedies. It begins with an introduction to tablet coating and why it is done. Common coating defects are then described such as blistering, cratering, pitting, blooming, blushing, orange peel, sticking, picking, color variation, bridging, erosion, and twinning. The causes and remedies for each defect are provided. Critical parameters for successful tablet coating are also listed, including nozzle spacing, spray pattern, spray speed, droplet size, drying temperature, and air speed. References on tablet coating and manufacturing defects are included at the end.
Parenteral Products
The document discusses parenteral products and their administration. It defines parenteral as referring to administration by injection rather than orally, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. It then discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the parenteral route, including faster systemic delivery but also risks of infection. The document outlines various routes of parenteral injection and provides details on procedures like subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous injection. It also discusses formulation, processing, and quality testing of parenteral products.
TABLET COMPRESSION MACHINE
The most common method of drug delivery is oral dosage
form of which tablet and capsule are predominant.
Tablet is more accepted as compared to capsule due to
many reason such as cost, tamper resistance, ease of
handling, ease of identification and manufacturing efficiency.
Tablet compression process understanding is resulted in
development of formulation.
Recent advances in the design of tablet compression
equipment has conducted resulted in higher efficiency,
minimized tablet variation, greater flexibility.
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The document discusses different types of tablets, their advantages and disadvantages, ingredients used in tablets including diluents, binders, disintegrants, lubricants and other excipients. It describes various commonly used excipients, their functions and provides examples. The document also covers different types of tablets based on how they are administered and how they are used.
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SPRAY GRANULATION
1. Spray granulation is a process where a liquid solution is rapidly dried over active ingredients, creating encapsulated particles that are harder, denser, and have desirable properties for many applications.
2. The process involves atomizing the liquid, agglomerating the particles as liquid bridges form between them, and then drying the agglomerated droplets in contact with heated gas.
3. Spray granulation is commonly used in industries like chemicals, foods, and pharmaceuticals to convert powders into free-flowing granules and is often performed in a fluidized bed for its ability to evenly coat particles.
pelletization process by Kshirod
Pelletization is the process of making spheres of uniform quality iron ore with high carbon content. Iron ore is pelletized so that it can efficiently flow through a blast furnace for smelting. The process involves mixing iron ore fines with additives like limestone, dolomite, and bentonite. This mixture is then formed into balls on a balling disc and fired in a kiln to produce the iron ore pellets. The spherical shape of the pellets allows for better air flow through blast furnaces compared to finer iron ore particles. The pelletization process ultimately produces a product with higher efficiency as a raw material in blast furnaces.
(Mups) novel pellets for oral dosage forms
This document discusses multiple unit pellet systems (MUPS). It defines pelletization as a size enlargement process that converts powders into spherical pellets between 0.5-2.0 mm in size with low porosity. Pellets provide benefits over single unit dosage forms like reduced variability in gastric emptying. The document outlines various pelletization techniques including extrusion, spheronization, layering, and compression. It also discusses types of MUPS formulations and provides examples of commercial MUPS drug products. MUPS provide flexible drug release, stability, patient compliance and economic benefits for pharmaceutical companies.
Pellet production Technologies
Pelletization involves agglomerating powders into small spherical units called pellets. It differs from granulation in producing smaller, more uniform pellets. Common pelletization techniques include extrusion-spheronization, dry powder layering, fluid bed processes, and spray drying or congealing of solutions or suspensions. Pellets offer benefits like uniform content, preventing dust formation, and enabling controlled release when coated. Extrusion-spheronization involves extruding mixes through screens then spheronizing on a rotating friction disk. Process factors like disk speed and groove pattern affect pellet formation. Fluid bed processes spray binders onto powders for granulation and pelletization.
Compactor
The document provides information about a compactor machine used to control fabric shrinkage. It summarizes the machine's functions, operating parameters, and components. Key points include:
1. The compactor machine compacts fabric in the lengthwise direction and provides overfeed to control shrinkage during processing with steam.
2. It lists the machine's functions such as improving hand feel, reducing thickness, and controlling shrinkage.
3. It describes the machine components and operating parameters like temperature, speed, and overfeed percentage for different fabric types.
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Multi Unit Pellet System (MUPS)
Multi Unit Pellet System (MUPS) tablets are prepared by compacting modified release coated pellets. Pellets can be produced with sustained or enteric release coatings to provide different release profiles. MUPS tablets have several advantages over conventional tablets including avoiding local irritation, delivering incompatible drugs simultaneously, masking bitter tastes, and ensuring more uniform drug absorption with less variability. Pellets are prepared using various methods like pelletization, layering, or globulation, then coated and compressed into MUPS tablets.
Physical stability tablets & capsules
Stability test of Tablets, Capsules And Granules in order to check their shelf life and quality control.
problems in tablet manufacturing and coating
The document discusses common problems encountered in tablet manufacturing including capping, lamination, cracking, chipping, sticking, picking, binding, and double impression. For each problem, the document defines it, identifies potential causes related to the formulation or manufacturing process/machine, and provides remedies. It also discusses defects that can occur during tablet coating like picking, sticking, twinning, color variation, orange peel, roughness, bridging, blistering, erosion, and peeling/frosting.
Tablets
This document provides information about tablets, including their definition, advantages, disadvantages and types. It discusses the main components of tablets, including active ingredients and excipients. It describes different types of tablets based on their route of administration and production process. The purposes and examples of various excipients like diluents, binders, disintegrants, lubricants and coloring agents are outlined. Granulation is introduced as a process to prevent segregation and improve flow of powder mixtures that are then compressed into tablets.
Tablet manufacturing process created by Asadulla Mulla
The document summarizes the key steps involved in manufacturing oral solid dosage forms like tablets. It involves size reduction of raw materials, blending, granulation, drying, lubrication, compression into tablets, coating if needed, and final packaging. Precise control of critical process parameters is required at each stage to ensure quality, bioavailability and stability of the final tablets. Granulation is an important step for uniform distribution of drugs in the blend and influences tableting process. Drying is also critical to control residual moisture. Compression forms the tablets and critical parameters like hardness and disintegration time need to be monitored.
Tablets
Tablets are solid oral dosage forms made by compressing powders containing active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients. Tablets offer advantages like precise dosing, low cost, stability, and ease of production and administration. Tablet production involves blending powders, granulation to improve flow and compression properties, lubrication, and compression using tablet presses to form the final tablets. Tablet properties, types, ingredients, manufacturing processes, and equipment are described in detail in the document.
Quality Assurance & Control
The document discusses quality assurance and control. It emphasizes the importance of quality assurance and control in improving customer satisfaction and conforming to specifications. It outlines several key aspects of quality assurance including quality planning, assurance, and control. It also discusses how to integrate quality assurance with customer satisfaction and conformance to requirements.
All about Tablets (Pharma)
All about Tablets (Pharma)
- Introduction - Excipients - Tablet Manufacturing Process - Solid Dosage Processing - Unit Operations - Processing Problems
Presentation on dry granulation
This presentation discusses dry granulation as an alternative to wet granulation for tablet manufacturing. Dry granulation involves compressing powders into dense sheets using mechanical pressure between counter-rotating rolls, then milling the sheets into uniform granules. Key advantages of dry granulation include avoiding heat, moisture, and additional ingredients used in wet granulation. The presentation traces the history and development of dry granulation techniques from early slugging methods to modern roller compaction. Factors in selecting between wet and dry granulation include material properties, stability requirements, process efficiency, and product specifications.
Problems during granulation & compression
The document discusses problems that can occur during granulation and compression in tablet manufacturing. It describes two key processes - granulation, which binds powder particles together, and compression, which forms tablets. Common problems include tablets sticking to punches, picking, capping, lamination, and non-uniform content. The causes and solutions for each problem are explained, such as ensuring proper granule drying and lubrication to prevent sticking, and adjusting punch sizes and binder levels to prevent capping and breaking. Managing factors like equipment settings, ingredient properties, and processing parameters is important to produce tablets of good quality and strength.
Tablet types and Excipients
Tablet excipients serve several important functions in tablet manufacturing including improving properties like flow, stability, and bioavailability. Common excipients include diluents, binders, disintegrants, and lubricants. Tablets can be classified based on their route of administration, drug delivery system, and manufacturing method. Key types include compressed, enteric coated, chewable, sublingual, and effervescent tablets. Excipients allow tablets to be designed for rapid or delayed drug release depending on the therapeutic need.
Granulation
The document discusses granulation as a process to combine particles into larger masses for improved flow and compression characteristics. It defines granulation and describes the objective of combining ingredients to produce quality tablets. Various techniques for granulation like wet and dry granulation are discussed along with common equipment used like fluid bed granulators, Littleford loaders, and Diosna mixers. Granule characteristics and factors affecting granulation are also summarized.
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This document discusses tablet granulation techniques. It begins by defining tablets and granulation. There are various types of tablets that differ based on their coatings and release properties. Granulation is described as a process that binds small particles together into larger aggregates called granules. This improves properties like flow, compressibility and handling. Common granulation methods include dry, wet and fluidized bed granulation. Each use different techniques like slugging, spraying or tumbling to form granules. Equipment for granulation includes mixers, drums and fluidized beds. The document provides details on the procedures and purposes of different granulation methods.
Tablet.2.0
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This document provides information about tablet formulation and manufacturing. It discusses the different types of tablets, advantages and disadvantages of tablets, granulation process, tablet excipients including diluents, binders, disintegrants, lubricants and glidants. The key points covered are:
1) Tablets are solid oral dosage forms made by compressing powder mixtures into various shapes and sizes. They have advantages like precise dosing, stability and low cost of production.
2) Granulation is used to improve powder flow and compressibility. It can be done by wet or dry methods. Common excipients added to tablets include diluents, binders, disintegrants and lubricants which aid in tablet
New granulation methods (devilal .kethavath )
Granulation is a process used to improve the flowability and compressibility of powders for tablet and capsule manufacturing. There are two main types of granulation - wet and dry. Wet granulation involves using a liquid to form granules while dry granulation uses compression or roller compaction. Newer granulation techniques presented include melt, steam, and freeze granulation. Granulation improves properties like sphericity, particle size distribution, flow, and compressibility. The document discusses applications in pharmaceuticals and compares processes like wet and dry granulation as well as direct compression. Recent advances in granulation technology aim to better protect sensitive drugs and reduce solvent residues in final products.
S@P Methods of tablet manufacture
There are three main methods for preparing compressed tablets: direct compression, dry granulation, and wet granulation. Direct compression can be used for drugs that have good compaction properties, while dry and wet granulation are used when direct compression is not suitable. Dry granulation involves compressing powders into slugs then milling and mixing them before final compression. Wet granulation involves mixing powders with a liquid to form granules, then drying and mixing the granules with other ingredients before final compression. Wet granulation has benefits like improved flow and uniformity but is more complex and expensive than dry granulation. Tablets are evaluated based on characteristics like size, weight, thickness, hardness, friability, drug content, and
Formulation of tablet abhi.pptx
A tablet (also known as a pill) is a pharmaceutical oral dosage form (oral solid dosage, or OSD) or solid unit dosage form. Tablets may be defined as the solid unit dosage form of medication with suitable excipients. It comprises a mixture of active substances and excipients, usually in powder form, that are pressed or compacted into a solid dose. The main advantages of tablets are to ensure a consistent dose of medicine that is easy to consume.tablets
Tablets are prepared either by moulding or by compression.
Granulation
The document discusses various granulation techniques used in pharmaceutical manufacturing. It defines granulation as a size enlargement process that converts small particles into larger, stronger agglomerates through compression or use of a binding agent. Granulation is done to improve properties like flow, uniformity and reduce dust. Key steps in wet granulation include mixing, binding, screening, drying and additional mixing. Other techniques discussed include fluid bed granulation, spheronization, spray drying, and high shear granulation. Dry granulation and direct compression are alternative processes that do not require pretreatment of powders. Newer granulation methods like steam granulation, melt granulation, moisture activated dry granulation and foam granulation are also covered.
Granulation and its novel techniques
This document provides an overview of granulation techniques used in pharmaceutical manufacturing. It defines granulation and describes common granulation methods like wet and dry granulation. Wet granulation techniques like high shear and low shear mixing are explained in detail along with novel techniques like moisture activated dry granulation, thermal adhesion granulation, and freeze granulation. Key granulation process parameters and characteristics of granules are also summarized. The document concludes by discussing various granulation technologies and their applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
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The document discusses advanced granulation technologies such as pneumatic dry granulation, freeze granulation, foamed binder technologies, melt granulation, steam granulation, moisture activated dry granulation, and thermal adhesion granulation that can replace traditional wet granulation methods. Granulation is used to improve properties like flow, compressibility, and drug release from tablets. Novel techniques offer advantages like suitability for heat-labile drugs, faster manufacturing, lower costs, and ability to achieve high drug loading.
Granulation
Granulation is the process of binding powder particles together to form larger multi-particle granules. It is done to improve powder flow properties, enhance content uniformity, and eliminate segregation issues. The main granulation techniques are wet granulation, dry granulation, and direct compression. Wet granulation involves mixing powders with a liquid binder to form granules, then drying the granules. Dry granulation compresses powders directly into tablets. Direct compression tablets are made by compressing blended powders without granulation. Granulation improves flow, content uniformity, and compression properties.
Tablet
Wet granulation and dry granulation are two common methods for manufacturing tablets. Wet granulation involves mixing powders with a liquid to form granules, then drying the granules. It has advantages like improved flow and uniformity but requires more equipment and time. Dry granulation compresses powders without liquid into slugs or rolls, then mills the compacts into granules. It is faster but produces more dust. Direct compression can tablet powders without granulation if ingredients have suitable properties, saving time and costs versus wet granulation.
Tablet a solid dosage form.
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This document discusses the process of manufacturing tablets. It begins by defining tablets and outlining the main steps in tablet formation, which include weighing, milling, mixing, granulation, drying, compression, coating and packaging. It then describes the goals and categories of tablets and provides more detail on specific unit operations like granulation processing, compression, and evaluation methods. The document also lists common equipment used in each step and discusses packaging and storage considerations. The overall manufacturing process involves accurately weighing ingredients, reducing particle size, blending powders, granulating to improve flow, compressing into tablets, optionally coating, and automated packaging.
Tablet - A complete information
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This document provides an overview of tablets, including their definition, composition, manufacturing process, and equipment used. Tablets are solid oral dosage forms containing medicinal ingredients with or without excipients like diluents, binders, lubricants, and disintegrants. There are three main methods for tablet production: wet granulation, dry granulation, and direct compression. Key equipment includes mixers, mills, dryers, and tablet presses. Tablets offer advantages like ease of packaging and production but may be difficult for some patients to swallow.
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This document discusses tablets as a solid oral dosage form. It defines tablets and describes their advantages such as precise dosing, low cost, and stability. The document outlines common tablet ingredients like diluents, binders, disintegrants, and lubricants. It also discusses different types of tablets based on route of administration and describes various tableting methods including wet and dry granulation and compression. The document provides a detailed overview of the key components and processes involved in manufacturing tablets.
granulation.pptx
This document discusses different types of granulation methods used in pharmaceutical manufacturing. It describes wet granulation in detail, including the steps involved and various equipment used like high speed mixer granulators, high shear granulators, fluidized bed granulators, spray drier granulators, and spheronizers. For each type of equipment, it provides information on construction, working, and advantages and disadvantages. The overall document serves as an introduction to common granulation methods and equipment.
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Tablet Granulation process by Gaurav Kumar Sharma
- 3. GRANULATION PROCESS Granulation process may be defined as a process wherein small particles adhere together by forming bonds between them , resulting in the formation of large aggregates called granules.
- 4. Why we prepare granules when we have powders? 1.To avoid powder segregation, if, the powder is composed of particles with different dimensions & different densities a separation between these particles will occur. 2.To enhance the flow of powder, Higher flowability gives better filling of the dies or containers, during a volumetric dosage
- 5. 3.Granules have higher porosity than powders, 4.To improve the compressibility of powders. 5.The granulation of toxic materials will reduce the hazard of generation of toxic dust, which may arise during the handling of the powders. 6.Materials, which are slightly hygroscope, may adhere & form a cake if stored as a powder.
- 6. Methods of Granulation Some of the available methods in the industrial field for the preparation of granules: A. Direct compression. B. Dry granulation methods. C. Wet Granulation. D. Granulation by Crystallization.
- 7. A. Direct compression Direct compression is a dry process where in the powdered material (tablet formulation) is compressed directly into the tablets without the physical nature of the former being modified. Ex.- Formulation of Ascorbic Acid Tablets. Formulation of Chewable Antacid Tablets.
- 8. Direct compression procedure Step-1 Grinding Drug Step -2 Blending or mixing Step -3 Tablet press Tablet
- 9. Step -1 Grinding Step -2 Blending or Mixing Step -3 Tablet press Drug is added to the granulator and grinded. The suitable adjuvants (Ex. Directly compressible vehicles and other excipients) are added in a blender and mix thoroughly. The blended powdered material is compressed by machine tooling ( Dies and punches) of a tablet press .
- 10. B. Dry Granulation The process of dry granulation is also called Double Compression or Compression Granulation or Pre-Compression Granulation. The process involves the formation of tablet by first converting the tablet formulation into slugs or compact masses. These formed masses are screened to form uniform sized fine granules. The technique is suitable for those drugs which are moisture sensitive, degrade at higher temperature and administered in higher doses. The technique of Dry granulation of powdered material can be accomplished by two methods. (a)Slugging (slug formation). (b)Roller compaction method.
- 11. Dry Granulation procedure Drug Step -1 Grinding Step -2 Blending or Mixing Step -3 Compaction Step -4 Crushing Step -5 Screening or sifting Step -6 Blending or Mixing Step -7 Tablet press Tablet
- 12. Step -1 Grinding Drug is added to the granulator and grinded. Step -2 Blending or Mixing The suitable adjuvants (Ex. Diluent and other excipients) are added and mixed in a blender . Step -3 Compaction After mixing, the powder mixture is slugged or compressed into large flat tablets or pellets about 1 inch diameter . On large scale , Roller compactor is preferred. Step -4 Crushing These slugs are broken down by hand or by milling to form granules
- 13. Step -5 Screening or Sifting The granules undergo dry screening through a desired mesh for sizing. Step -6 Blending or Mixing Finally, the lubricating agent is added and mixed thoroughly in a blender. Step -7 Tablet press The resultant granules are compressed by machine tooling ( Dies and punches) of a tablet press. Ex. Of Formulations Prepared by Dry Granulation Method: Formulation of Acetyl Salicylic Acid tablets., Formulation of Vitamin B Complex.
- 14. C. Wet Granulation Wet granulation or Moist granulation is the most conventional , versatile and widely used techniques for the manufacture of compressed tablets, as it imparts all the physical properties to the granules. This technique differs from the other granulation methods as it involves the usage of liquids to form compact masses. Ex. Of Formulations Prepared by Wet Granulation Method: Formulation of Acetaminophen tablets., Formulation of Aluminium Hydroxide Chewable tablets.
- 15. Wet Granulation procedure Drug Step -1 Grinding Step -2 Blending or Mixing Step -3 Shear mixer Step -4 Wet screening Step -5 Drying Step -6 Dry screening Step -7 Blending Step -8 Tablet press Tablet
- 16. Step -1 Grinding Drug is added to the granulator and grinded Step -2 Blending or Mixing The suitable adjuvants (Ex. Diluent and other excipients) are added and mixed in a blender . Step -3 Shear Mixing Granulating liquids (Ex. Alcohols ) are added to form a damp mass of the powdered material which resembles agglomerates. Step -4 Wet screening The mass is screened to form pellets or granules.
- 17. Step -5 Drying The pellets or granules are dried to remove excess of the liquid. Step -6 Dry screening Dry screening of granules results in size reduction. Step -7 Blending The lubricating agent is added and the mixture is mixed thoroughly in a blender. Step -8 Tablet press The resultant granules are compressed by machine tooling of a tablet press.
- 18. D. Granulation by Crystallization This method exploits the presence of crystallization water in the active material; this method is rarely used..
- 19. Thank You