The document discusses waste generation and management. It notes that China generates the largest volume of municipal solid waste globally, estimated at 1.3 billion tonnes per year. Improper waste disposal can cause groundwater pollution and loss of biodiversity by leakage from landfills. It also explores how waste impacts society through widening social distances and inequality, as well as economic costs of waste management. Singapore relies on incineration and landfills for waste disposal but questions whether this system is sustainable.