Synthesis Paper Understanding Cognition

Synthesis Paper | Understanding |
Cognition
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Synthesis Paper | Understanding | Cognition Synthesis Paper | Understanding | Cognition

The Doha Round s Trade Negotiations
The Doha round s trade negotiations over intellectual property have been long and arduous. After
more than a decade there is still no agreement over the extent of patent protection that should be
afforded to pharmaceuticals. The shadow of the future adds additional complications, as the involved
parties have no reason to settle now, when they can wait and hope for more favorable terms in the
future. Despite this looming threat, the future holds promise for a drug access settlement. As
technology improves and trade agreements become more ubiquitous, it will create a larger zone of
agreement between the parties, making it easier to settle the dispute.
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is a plurilateral body of 159 countries dedicated to the
liberalization of world trade. Countries that ascend to the WTO agree to provisions that all other
members have already agreed to, including like the reduction of tariffs, non discrimination,
transparency, and reciprocity. Consensus is difficult between 159 countries, and so agreements can be
hard to reach. This consensus has been especially difficult during the Doha round. Opened in 2001,
talks have been stalled over disagreements between countries, chiefly over intellectual property
protections. Without an agreement, the WTO is forced into a stagnant role until the negotiations are
completed.
A consensus on intellectual property protections is difficult because there are a lot of relevant actors
involved in negotiations with
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Women’s Inequality in the 20th Century Essay
Throughout the twentieth century, American women fought for the right to vote, the right to make
choices regarding their own bodies, and the right to be their own people. The disparities between men
and women were often overlooked or blindly accepted, but as Gloria Steinem said, history is herstory
too. After nearly 200 years of struggling, women made up only 10% of Congress, received wages less
than 75% of their male counter parts, and are stigmatized based on their class and race. By the end of
the century, female citizens were still treated unfairly in every aspect of American society. Women did
not achieve equality in America in the 20th century, based on their roles in politics, the widespread
views of female sexuality, and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The English word for being devoted to your country is patriotic, which literally translates from Latin
to loyal to a country ruled by men. In America during the 20th century patriotic was still the accurate
word, as men overwhelmingly ruled the United States. Because of this fact, women in the 20th century
did not reach political equality with men. In terms of sexuality, women in the 20th century were not
considered equal to men because they were overwhelmingly abashed and judged due to the personal
decisions they made regarding sex. While men s sexual conquests were disregarded or even praised,
women were often shamed or called derogatory names for choosing to have sex. That the same
decisions made by two different genders could have such opposite results proves that there wasn t
sexual equality in America in the 20th century. Sexual assault is another place where 14.78% of
women in America are victims of rape at some point in their lifetimes as of 2000. Yet the 60% of rape
cases are never reported, and the vast majority of rapists investigated are never charged. That such a
horrendous crime can affect so many women and yet have such a small penalty is appalling and a
testimony to the sexual inequality of women. Another issue

The Color Purple vs. The Joy Luck Club Essay example
The Color Purple is a biased, unbalanced view into the life of black women during the early to mid
nineteen hundreds. While it is obvious that a woman who in her own right is racist, chauvinist, and
ignorant to the way that the world really works wrote the novel, it has been requested that the class
write a paper on the story. Whilst this writer does not agree with this novel or anything that Alice
Walker thinks or feels, obligingly this paper is been written. The Color Purple and the Joy Luck Club
had many similarities, the most notably the presence of weak, ill bred, and quite frankly embarrassing
male characters.
The most obvious example of one of these unfortunate male characters is of course Albert from ...
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So instead I tell my mother this: I don t really know. It s something we started before we got married.
And for some reason we never stopped. (Tan 177)
It is clear from the tone of the discussion that the idea hurts Lena inside, especially since she makes
less than Harold. Amy Tan wrote it this way so that the reader would pity Lean and see Harold as a
money grubbing bastard.
Rich is the second example of a weak male character in The Joy Luck Club, and his main flaw is gross
ignorance. His new live in girlfriend is Waverly. An entire section of the book is dedicated to the first
meeting between Rich and Waverly s mother and father. During the entire section, Rich makes one
blunder after another. He brought a lovely bottle of red wine for dinner, not knowing that the Chinese
do not stereotypically drink wine. He fumbled with the chopsticks, took huge portions and refused
seconds, and regrettably added a hefty amount of soy sauce to all of the food. In possibly the biggest
blunder of the night not only did he call Lindo and Tin Jong by their first names but he butchered them
calling them Linda and Tim. At the end of the night his ignorance came into play again;
I knew he had failed miserably in her eyes.
Rich obviously had a different opinion on how

Toyota Organizational Culture
Different and many definitions about organizational culture have been given since managers started to
use this term at late of 80s , when it became widely known.
The term of organizational culture is defined as the whole of ideas, company mission, values,
expectations, goals and behavioral theories or spiritual parameters shared by a group of people or
members of the organization.
According to Edgar Schein (2006) organizational culture is a structure of common assumptions that
are distributed among all members of the group to solve internal and external problems of an
organization and to share their knowledge with new members.
But why the culture is important for a company?
As culture is not the only factor determining the success ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Better customer service.
Toyota Motor Corporation starting from April 16 of 2016, has unveiled a new management structure
with which it aims to create a product based rather than function based organization in order to
streamline work processes on a company wide basis. TMC is confident that significant value can be
added through this new management structure, in which nine product and region based business units
will compete with and learn from one another, while operating alongside TMC s Head Office. When a
large organization such as TMC produces products for different markets, this structure works because
each department is an autonomous group. For that purpose TMC will create seven product based in
house companies and will be responsible for short to mid term product strategy and development. That
will give a lot of control over operations and will not dependent on another, separate functional area to
get things done. Also TMC s existing region based business units, Toyota Nº 1 and Nº 2, will serve to
check and balance the operations of the new product based in house

The World Of Doublespeak By William Lutz
In William Lutz s essay The World of Doublespeak, from Christopher Ricks s and Lenonard Micheal s
anthology State of the Language, he examines the art of doublespeak. This essay is meant to enlighten
people on different uses of doublespeak and how organizations and others use it to mislead. Lutz
begins by defining doublespeak as A blanket term for language which pretends to communicate but
doesn t, language which makes the bad seem good, the negative appear positive, the unpleasant
attractive, or at least tolerable (278). Specifically, people who use doublespeak pretend to convey a
certain message while in reality they do the exact opposite. The author gives examples of doublespeak
that affect the way people think; for example, he ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At its length, Lutz s article proves how frequent doublespeak and its tactics are used to manipulate a
situation. After reading this essay, it has become obvious to me that doublespeak has been used on and
around me throughout my life. This article has taught me to analyze and investigate phrases that are
convoluted or meaninglessly complicated. His paper teaches readers to ignore useless information and
strip phrases down to what they truly mean. Through Lutz s use of numerous historical and personal
examples, he effectively argues his opinion on the negative uses of doublespeak. Younger audiences
who are often confused or misled by the various tactics of doublespeak and have a challenging time
listening to and understanding political conversations would highly benefit from this article. In order
to understand doublespeak, one must first understand why speakers use it and what effects it has on
the public. Professionals use doublespeak to deceive because it distorts reality in favor of the speaker,
it confuses and corrupts the audiences thinking, and it avoids responsibility.
One of the most crucial reasons people in positions of power utilize doublespeak is to twist the reality
of a negative situation to their audiences. William J. Kopple, professor and department cochairman of
English at Calvin College, is author of the paper Still Vigilant about Doublespeak? featured in the
Language Arts Journal of Michigan, in which he remarks, It is doublespeakers sole

Comparing Aquinas And Descartes Arguments For The...
Aquinas and Descartes both have arguments for the existence of God, with some similarities and a
multitude of differences. Descartes presents two major premises in his argument with his degrees of
reality principle and his casual adequacy principle. It is possible for Descartes to be influenced by
Aquinas, but the arguments for the same thing differ greatly that even if any inspiration Descartes
could have pulled from Aquinas work is minimal, to say the least.
Comparing Aquinas and Descartes they both in a way have arguments for cause in proving the
existence of God. Aquinas in that nor indeed it is possible, that anything is the efficient cause of itself
(The Second Way, 2) and there needs to be a first cause that is the cause of all ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
To Aquinas things either exist or they do not, to Descartes things can be on levels of existence. One of
Descartes main reasons for the existence of God is that, God put the idea of himself in Descartes head
Hence there remains only the idea of God, concerning which we much consider whether it is
something which cannot have proceeded from me myself, (Third Meditation, pg 16). Aquinas Five
Ways are trying to prove the existence of God to others, while Descartes is trying to prove the
existence of God to himself.
The major premises in Descartes Third Meditation are his degrees of reality principle and his causal
adequacy principle. Descartes degrees of reality come from his ideas of more or less real, things can
fall under properties being less real, like colors, to finite substances, to infinite substances being the
most real, like God But I understand God to be actually infinite, so that he can add nothing to His
supreme perfection (Third Meditation, pg 17). Something like a table can be a finite substance but the
color of the table, its brownness, is something considered to be less real to Descartes, a less real
property. Descartes casual adequacy principle which goes like Now it is manifest by the natural light
that there must be as much reality in the efficient and total cause as in its effect, (Third Meditation, pg
15) meaning that something is not created from nothing, like the stone. The casual adequacy principle
can

My Values vs the Values of Bilbo Baggins Essay
In the Hobbit there are fourteen main characters as well as many other characters that help along the
way. The characters are Gandalf the Wizard, Mr. Bilbo Baggins, Throrin Oakensheild, Dori, Nori, Ori,
Oin, Gloin, Fili, Kili, Bombur, Bifur, Bofur, Dwalin, and Balin. Gandalf is a wizard that helps the
dwarves in their various journeys. He knows more than he reveals to the dwarves and everyone else
and he knows that the hobbit can help the dwarves in their quest. That hobbit is Mr. Bilbo Baggins.
Bilbo lives a quiet and comfortable life in his hobbit hole in Bag end and he almost never leaves
home. But the wizard knows that there is more to Bilbo that meets the eye and he has certain powers
that can help the dwarves in their journey to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Along the way they encounter great dangers and various characters such as wood elves, goblins,
mystical creatures, trolls, humans, etc. And they have to fight their way through the many conflicts
that they come upon. And Bilbo must find a way to help them overcome the complications that they
face in their quest. The hobbit uses his common sense and his magical ring to get the gang out of
sticky situations. But as well as the disputes that they endure, they also gained many friends and aid
throughout their journeys through the forests. And with the help of their friends they were able to
make it through the entire journey. Each character had their own special value that was important to
them. Bilbo valued his hobbit hole, privacy, and space the most. He loved his hobbit hole more than
anything else. Gandalf the wizard valued his powers and motives and he kept them hidden unless they
were needed the most. Thorin Oakenshield valued his inheritance, his culture, and his power and he
fought very hard to get it all back. He also valued serving people who helped him. Like Thorin the
other Dwarves also valued serving people that helped them but they all had their own particular values
as well. Bombur valued food and sleep while Fili and Kili valued their being young and active. But of
all the values of all the dwarves, they all valued their long

How Did Artie Get A Job
Once upon a time, there was a famous city in a far away land called the City of Jobs. In the City of
Jobs, there were people from all around the world who each had their very own unique careers. There
was Mrs. Lin, from China, who owned a shop that sold colorful silks of every color. Mr. Bernard, a
baker from France, whom made pastries and cakes, for whoever wanted a delicious treat. And
Mrs.Smith, from America, whose music store was filled with an assortment of instruments. But then
their was Artie. Arite was new to the City of Jobs, and he couldn t find out what his unique career was
supposed to be. I ll find a job, Artie would say courageously, and then I will live in the City of Jobs.
So Artie went off into the city to find the job that suited him best. First, he went to Mrs. Lin s shop to
find ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Smith s Music Shop. As he strolled through the streets, Artie was able to hear the sounds of beautiful
instrument as he neared the shop. As he walked around the corner of a shop that sold pretty flowers, he
saw the gorgeous music shop. The store looked like a gigantic organ, with hundreds of wind pipes
pumping the organ s beautiful music into the air. The door had two beautiful saxaphone handles and
the windows were lined with flutes and clarinets. As Artie walked into the store, he saw that the walls
were lined with instruments of ever differing shapes and sound. String instruments, like guitars and
violins, hung on one was, and across from it, another wall was covered in bongos and drum sets. But
as Artie looked at the far wall across from him, his breath was taken away. For in between the two
walls was the grand organ. The organ was lined with pearl white and dark as night keys that stretched
across the wall. Gold windpipes, which came out of the top of the organ, blew the beautiful tune of the
song that Mrs. Smith played on the gorgeous ivory keys. Mrs. Smith sat upon the small bench that was
before the

Cyp 3.3
1.1 Outline current legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures within own UK home nation
affecting the safeguarding of children and young people.
The united nations convention on the rights of children (1989) is a very important piece of legislation
that helps tell everyone what the rights of children/young people are, although it is important it is not
apart of the uk law.
The children s act (2004) is the piece of legislation that outlines the national framework for delivering
children s services and created the Every Child Matters five outcomes for children/young people
which all professionals must work towards.
Framework for assessment for children in need and their families is a policy to protect children from
all types of harm ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1.5 Explain how the processes used by own work setting or service comply with legislation that covers
data protection, information handling and sharing.
Sharing information is the solution to improving beneficial outcomes for all children. It is essential to
facilitate early intervention and preventative work for safeguarding children. All professionals
involved with children must know and understand what to do and the most effective ways of sharing
information about children who are at risk of abuse or neglect. In some situations, sharing information
with a family about their child could seem good practice, but it is not crucial e.g. where evidence of
abuse or neglect could be destroyed or removed by a parent/carer or where a child could be placed at
an increased risk when parents/carers have this knowledge.
2.1 Explain the importance of safeguarding children and young people.
It is important to work in partnership with other organisations to safeguard children/young people in
order to share relevant information to take appropriate actions to both safeguard and protect. A wide
range of professionals and organisations share the responsibility to safeguard and protect
children/young people.
2.2 Explain the importance of a child or young person centred approach.
The importance of a child or

Criminal Copyright And Intellectual Property Laws
Criminal copyright infringement can come in many forms. Anything that has been created by one s
mind can technically be considered intellectual property. While the initial idea itself is not something
that can be protected by copyright law, patents and actual plans from ideas can be. Many copyright
cases are of a civil nature. This occurs when a person or organization feels their intellectual property
has been used without their consent and want either compensation or for the accused party to cease
use of the material.
While civil cases aim to make the offended party whole criminal cases are intended to penalize those
who break the law. Throughout time criminal copyright legislation and penalties have changed. This is
partially due to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There seems to be no solid explanation of why this is. The No Electronic Theft Act, Digital
Millennium Copyright Act, and Digital Theft Deterrence and Copyright Damages Improvement Act of
1999 are all aimed at decreasing the threshold for what counts as criminal infringement and increasing
penalties for criminal copyright infringement (Masnick, 2012). Mike Masnick wrote his article in
2012 and the last law listed was enacted in 2008. Since this time there have been even more shifts in
how copyrights are infringed upon.
International Copyright Law When it comes to international copyright law things can get quite
complicated. To put things in the simplest possible terms, there is no one set of laws that govern all
intellectual property disputes around the world. Different countries have different rules on copyrights
and there are also different rules and levels of enforcement. There is however some common ground
among countries in the realm of intellectual property. This common ground comes in the form of
treaties. These treaties between territories help with both the protection of intellectual property and
enforcement against those who infringe upon copyrights. Copyright.gov, the United States
governments official website for information on copyright law list two treaties as being principal in
governing international

The Battle of Fredericksburg Essay
The Battle of Fredericksburg falls in a long list of failures of the Army of the Potomac during the first
year of the American Civil War. Following the Battle of Antietam the Northern Army had the
opportunity to defeat Lee s army. However, Northerners, were shocked by Lee s escape following this
battle on 17 September 1862, and were further upset by Major General George B. McClellan s
procrastination in pursuing Lee and allowing General J.E.B. Stuarts daring cavalry raid into
Pennsylvania around Gettysburg (10 12 October 1862). McClellan s failure to pursue Lee s Army is
mainly due to his own lack of confidence, believing that he doesn t have enough men or material in
order to defeat the Army of Virginia. President Lincoln had finally ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Lincoln felt that the destruction of Lee s army should be the primary goal, not the capture of a
Southern city, however, he approved Burnside s plan. This was mainly due to the fact that Burnside
was actually moving the army in pursuit of Lee. Burnside s first act as commander was to divide his
army into three grand divisions, the right commanded by Major General Sumner, the center
commanded by Major General Hooker, and the left commanded by Major General Franklin. Once this
was completed he set forth for Virginia with a compliment of 100,000 men.
General Lee had at his disposal two army Corps, the First Corps was commanded by Lieutenant
General James Longstreet and the Second Corps was commanded by Lieutenant General Thomas
Jackson. Both of these corps comprised of 35,000 men for a total of 70,000 men. After leaving
Maryland, Lee decided to divide his army by sending the Second Corps to the Shenandoah Valley
towards Winchester Virginia and the other towards Culpeper station Virginia in order to see what the
North was going to do. The Confederate cavalry were a little slow in detecting the move of Sumter s
grand division, and it was three days before Lee knew about it and could order Longstreet to intercept
the Federals. This allowed the first elements of Northern forces to arrive at Falmouth two days after
the

Engston Auto Mirrors Plant
Nicole Ferrin
October 13, 2008
BUSA 305
Case Analysis
Engstrom Auto Mirror Plant:
Motivating in Good Times and Bad
Engstrom Auto Mirror Plant is facing the problem of not being able to keep their employees motivated
in both good and bad times. Before the problem occurred, Ron Bent, the plant manager, had adopted
the Scanlon Plan. The Scanlon Plan was an incentive plan used to motivate employees and to drive
changes in their behavior and attitudes. The plan consisted of monthly bonuses for employee
productivity, communication meetings, a committee to encourage and evaluate employee s
suggestions, and overall improved working conditions. Employees were satisfied with their jobs and
motivated to be productive. Over time, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When the plan no longer was enough to motivate the employees, Bent knew the plan needed to be
revised. He had said, A Scanlon program won t perpetuate itself. You have to give it a shot in the arm
every so often whenever the work force needs it (Beer and Collins, p. 6). To revise the plan, Bent
needed to listen to the employee s complaints. Part of the Scanlon plan was to listen to suggestions of
the employees, so the complaints should have been just as important to listen to and evaluate. The
employee complaints were about the distrust of bonus calculations and questions of fairness. Bent and
his management team should have seen the complaints as a suggestion for improving the bonus plan.
Another alternative would be to change the organizational factors of the company. Bent could do this
by using the Job Characteristics Model. Due to the Scanlon Plan, the company had already met the
fifth characteristic of feedback, but Bent could also look at ways to improve the autonomy, task
significance, task identity, and skill variety of his company. By improving those characteristics, it
could help the Scanlon Plan to further motivate employees. Lastly, Bent could

Essay on Density Lab
Objective:
The objective of this lab was to calculate the densities of various objects using different techniques.
Procedure:
ol
li value= 1 The mass of the 100 ml. Graduated cylinder was measured without water or rubber stopper.
li value= 2 The mass of the 100 ml. Graduated cylinder was measured without water but with the
rubber stopper.
li value= 3 The mass of the metal cylinder was measured.
li value= 4 The 100 ml. Graduated cylinder, with rubber stopper was filled with an amount of water.
li value= 5 The metal cylinder was placed in 100 ml. Graduated cylinder with water and rubber
stopper.
li value= 6 The new volume of the water and metal cylinder was measured.
li value= 7 The diameter of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
. . .
D=(T I) em V
Volume of a cylinder=pr2h r=d/2
Therefore: The density of a metal cylinder. . . .
D=M /em (p(d/2)2h)
Theory of Water of Displacement: A volume of water was measured. A second volume of water was
measured when the metal cylinder was added. The initial volume was subtracted from the second
(total) volume to get the volume of the metal cylinder.
D=M/(T I)
Data:
Metal Cylinder~
Mass of Metal Cylinder 51.86g
Mass of 100ml. Graduated Cylinder with rubber stopper 121.04g

. Volume of water 47.0ml
Volume of water and metal cylinder 53.5ml
Diameter of metal cylinder 1.20cm
Height of metal cylinder 5.20cm
Water~
Mass of 100ml Graduated Cylinder, empty 107.51g
Mass of 100ml Graduated Cylinder with water 157.95g
Volume of water 50.0 ml
Temperature of water 23.0 #176;c
Wood~
Width of wood 14.40cm
Length of wood 14.41 cm
Depth of wood .60cm
Mass of wood 91.50g
Metal Plate~
Width of metal plate 15.20cm
Length of metal plate 15.40cm
Depth of metal plate .12cm
Mass of metal plate 97.78 g
Ethanol~
Mass of 10ml Graduated cylinder 26.21g
Mass of Ethanol and 10ml Graduated cylinder 30.26g
Volume of Ethanol 5.08ml
Calculations:
Metal Cylinder~

Displacement: 51.86g/(53.50ml 47.00ml)= 7.98g/ml

The Mortgage Theories Of Real Estate
In real estate, there are two mortgage theories that are determined by jurisdiction. In title theory states,
the title of real estate remains with the lender until the loan is paid in full. The lender owns the
property and can reclaim it, should the purchaser default on the loan, by use of a non judicial
foreclosure process called a power of sale foreclosure. In lien theory states, the title remains with the
purchaser and the lender places a lien on the property. This means there is an encumbrance on the
property for the life of the loan. The lien is lifted once obligations have been met. When obligations
towards the loan are not met, a judicial foreclosure can be initiated. (Findlaw, n.d.) There are
advantages and disadvantages to both theories. Title theory states are attractive to lenders because they
can institute a power of sale foreclosure process, which does not involve expensive and lengthy
litigation. Lien theory states, on the other hand, are attractive to buyers as it requires a judicial
foreclosure process. This process can be lengthy and afford the purchaser more opportunities to settle
the debt (Hinkle, 2011, p.186). Additionally, some lenders are cautious about lending in lien theory
jurisdictions because usury laws restrict interest rates on loans that exceed a set maximum ( Title
Theory v Lien Theory, 2015).
California is a hybrid between both mortgage theories. California commonly uses deeds, instead of
mortgages, in property transfers (Hinkle,

Different Properties Of Polymers That Each Reaction
Discussion The results demonstrated the various properties of polymers that each reaction produced.
For the nylon polymerization, a condensation reaction took place and produced a long, polymer string.
As described in Figure 1, the product was clear and several meters long, and the fibers held together
when stretched. However, when a portion of the nylon string was heated, fibers weakened. The nylon
turned a bright white, and, when the stirring rod was used to move the piece, the string broke in half.
Ultimately, the reaction presented the fact that polymers are sensitive to heat and easily thermally
decompose. In contrast, for the methyl acrylate polymerization, an addition reaction occurred and
produced a soft, white flat wad of polymer substance. The methyl acrylate polymer had the
consistency of chewed gum, but tore easily when stretched. Therefore, the reaction revealed that the
type of reaction (addition or condensation) plays a key role in determining a polymer s properties.
Additionally, the cornstarch experiment also displayed a non Newtonian fluid s features. While the
polymer was subjected to many tests, its unusual properties were observed. It acted like a liquid when
left alone, but it cracked when squeezed. In conclusion, the three experiments demonstrated the
polymer s wide spectrum of properties and a variety of its subgroups. As seen in Figure 3, the percent
yield exceeded one hundred, indicating a source of error. When weighing, the methyl acrylate

Transformational Leadership Is Developing And Transforming...
As discussed in the text, transformational leadership is characteristic of a leader that helps bring about
major, positive changes by moving group members beyond their self interests and toward the good of
the group, organization, or society. The essence of transformational leadership is developing and
transforming people (Dubrin) . A perfect portrayal of this leadership style is Walt Disney. Walt Disney
transformed the hearts and minds by setting forth a visionary reality. Walt knew that by taking his
visionary strengths and working with his brother to complement each other s strengths that they would
be able to foster a group of followers and visionary leaders working with them. Walt led with four key
tenants: Chase your dream, believe ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The second characteristic is enthusiasm. Walt motivated his employees and encouraged them to
inspire achievement. An enthusiastic leader keeps the employees engaged and more likely to keep
them of a positive mindset.
The third characteristic is confidence. Disney is famous for his quote It takes people to make the
dream a reality . Disney was confident in his ideals and his vision, and he was confident in the people
he had working with him to make it happen. He worked hard to instill that confidence in those people
around him. It takes true confidence in oneself to feel connected to and truly engaged because not only
do you know that those around you believe in you, but most importantly that you believe in you.
When a leader is confident those that work under that leader are more likely to perform better because
they are assured of a confident future.
The fourth characteristic is courage. Disney historian Craig Hodgkins said of Walt that he was
completely focused on his product and his goals, not on himself (ISU). By being able to do this, the
leader s energy is honed into the mission and not reflective of how one looks or appears and
exclusively about the brand.
The fifth characteristic is persistence. The things that are worthwhile are hard work. Walt understood
this and was persistent to the end. He set out to finish what he started. This is an extremely important

The Climate of Arrakis in Dune by Frank Herbert Essay
The climate of a planet plays a significant role in determining how life presumes. In fact, a hot climate
makes water so scarce, that saliva is valuable. In the novel Dune, Frank Herbert makes the climate of
Arrakis so significant, that dead bodies are seen as a water source. The climate on the planet of Arrakis
makes water less significant than blood, because water cannot exist without blood. Arrakis s climate is
also a plus, because the warriors that live there are much more adapted to it than anyone who was to
invade to conquer. The planet of Arrakis is seen as a gold mine for mélange, because it has such a high
potency of it, and the Fremen are pretty much in charge of it. This would then cause other rivals to try
and conquer the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It s mouth was some eighty meters in diameter...with crystal teeth with the curved shape of crysknives
glinting around the rim...the bellows breath of cinnamon (Herbert 225). Simply delineates the
monstrosity of these brobdingnagian creatures. And he also says, Worms of more than four hundred
meters in length have been recorded by reliable witnesses, and there s reason to believe even larger
ones exist. (Herbert 356). This gives a glimpse of how truculent the worms can be, and given the fact
that the climate provides a tough environment, the worms can be connected to the climate, because if
the climate was not so cruel, and hot, then more precipitation would occur on the planet, and water is
poisonous to the worm. Worms would cause drastic change to society if they were to disappear,
because the worm s feed on Sand Plankton, and sand plankton eat the mélange in the sands of Arrakis.
The term Little Makers makes its appearance when the sand plankton grows, and become little
makers, because they make mélange. This leads to how important the sandworms really are. The
Fremen are dependent on the worm, because of the spice that the little makers make. And the Fremen
are dependent on the spice, or they will die. So, if the climate were to pose a death sentence for the
worms, there would be a deadly process of what would follow: precipitation occurs, and the worms,
and little makers would start to die. This would then cause the creation, and distribution of mélange to

The Causes And Negative Effects Of Dysfunctional Family
See, I think there are roads that lead us to each other. But in my family, there were no roads just
underground tunnels. I think we all got lost in those underground tunnels. No, not lost. We just lived
there. by Benjamin Alire Sáenz. Dysfunctional families can lead to a few bad things in life, especially
towards their own children. When having a bad effect towards each other, they usually get lost in what
the problem is and forget about how to overcome them. The negative effects can also change an
individual s identity as well. Family dysfunction can have a negative effect on an individual s identity
in several ways.
One way family dysfunction affects an individual s identity is by lack of affection. First, when a child
does not get the affection needed from their family. For example, when a child starts to grow up. They
are needing affection whenever they want whether it being alone, tired, happy, or to feel encouraged.
It makes themselves feel good when getting enough affection from their parents. Yet without it, it
would make the child feel depressed and alone. In the Erickson s Stages of Psychosocial Development
by Kendra Cherry, Erickson talks about what would happen when a child does not get affection (stage
1). The child would start to isolate themselves from others around them when growing up and feel self
conscious. Secondly, when the child grows up and does not get enough affection, the child grows up
and will isolate themselves from society. For example,

Describe How The Sociological Perspectives Explain Social...
Describe how the sociological perspectives explain social problems related to the family. The family
affords its members with a social uniqueness. Offspring are born into their parents social class, culture
and race, religious conviction, and so forth. Some kids have benefits throughout life because of the
social uniqueness they obtain from their parents, while others face many hindrances because the social
class or race/ethnicity into which they are born is at the bottom of the social ladder. The conflict
perspective accentuates that many of the problems we see in today s families stem from financial
inequality and from patriarchy. The problems that many families experience echo the fact that they
live in or near an impoverished ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many children will adjust to their parents divorce, but some will continue to have significant problems
into adulthood. Parents sensitivity to their child s needs is one of the most important factors in
facilitating adjustment. Other factors such as the child s age, gender and temperament will also
influence how well the child adjusts. Preschoolers tend to be emotionally needy, have fears related to
abandonment, and may display acting out behaviors following their parents divorce or separation.
Preschooler are likely to become very distressed during visit exchanges. Boys and girls tend to react
differently to their parents divorce. As a rule, girls tend to become anxious and withdrawn, while boys
tend to become more aggressive and disobedient. Girls from divorced families may become sexually
active earlier than girls from intact families. Interestingly, boys often adjust better when their mothers
remarry, while girls have more difficulty. Children of divorced families tend to have long term
adjustment difficulties when there is ongoing conflict between their parents. Boys are likely to display
marked behavior problems when this exists. Children s adjustment is also determined by the amount
of conflict the parents had before the divorce. Researchers have found that children in divorced
families, where there is little conflict following the divorce, do not differ in adjustment than children
from low conflict intact

Cafe De Coral analysis
Company Background
Café De Coral, established in 1968, operates over 140 self service fast food restaurants in Hong Kong,
which is the largest Chinese restaurant chain in Hong Kong. In 1986, Café De Coral became an issued
company in Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Later Café De Coral expands its business in various city and
countries such as Hong Kong, Macau, Guangdong and other Western countries. The restaurant
currently serves about 300,000 customers per day. Café De Coral takes the advantage of broad
experience in the fast food industry and makes it to become the biggest and most successful brand in
Hong Kong.
1. Perform a SWOT analysis on Café De Coral
1.1 Strength
Awards for its management excellence
In the previous years, Café De Coral ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This action has angered the general public. Some unions raise protests and boycott Café De Coral.
According to the news HK: Minimum wage law and worker s meal breaks by Elmer W. Cagape, By
trying to exercise cost cutting measures at the expense of workers, Cafe de Coral risked its name and
reputation. . This will threaten the Café De Coral s fast food position in Hong Kong.
1.3 Opportunity
Increase in income
After the financial tsunami, the GPD of Hong Kong increased. According to the website DimSum,
Hong Kong s gross domestic product (GDP) expanded by 2.6 per cent in the fourth quarter of 2009
after four straight quarters of negative growth. . This will have a positive growth in the average annual
salary of the working sector. As a result, more people are willing and able to purchase food from Café
De Coral. The profitability will increase.
The growing industry of tourism
Nowadays tourism industry becomes one of the most important economic growth factor in Hong
Kong. According to the Tourism Commission, In 2011, Hong Kong received a record high of 42
million visitors from around the world, a remarkable increase of 16.4% over 2010 . Such great number
of tourists contributes to the fast food industry and making more potential customer in Hong Kong.
Focus on China s market
Obviously, China is a huge market for fast food industry. China s food industry has a positive growth
of over 10% over the previous 18 years

Who Is The Prisoner Of Azkaban
The main character in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban is Harry Potter. He is a young wizard
attending Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. Harry can be described as both noble and
impulsive. He has a very big heart and is quick to help anyone in need. This manner causes Harry to
become involved in many problematic situations, but Harry is able to overcome most of the challenges
he faces because of the courage that he possesses. Harry is able to surpass his established fame as the
boy who defeated Lord Voldemort. A rogue prisoner, Sirius Black, has escaped Azkaban and is
presumed to be after Harry Potter. Sirius Black was held accountable for the death of Harry s parents
and is believed to be a servant to Lord Voldemort. Meanwhile, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He learns that Sirius Black is actually his godfather, and that he is an animagus. Sirius is able to
change from a human to a large black dog at will. One of Harry s teachers, Professor Lupus, is a good
friend of Sirius and has the ability to morph into a werewolf during a full moon. Sirius explains that he
and Lupus have tracked down the man responsible for the deaths of Harry s mother and father. This
man is also an animagus, and happens to be Ron Weasley s pet rat. Sirius transforms Ron s rat into
Peter Pettigrew. He is escorted to Hogwarts but escapes when Lupus unwillingly changes into a
werewolf and attacks the group. Dementors also attack during the chaos. Harry falls unconscious and
awakes in a hospital bed to learn that Sirius has been imprisoned once again, Lupus has been fired,
and Peter escaped to join Lord Voldemort. In addition Hagrid s Hippogriff has been executed. Harry
then devises a plan to travel back in time to reverse what occurred. He is able to save the Hippogriff,
Sirius, and Lupus. Unfortunately Peter still manages to escape from the group. Harry also learns that
he successfully repelled the dementor attack before falling unconscious. Harry changes quite
drastically as the story progressed. He gains more determination to fight against the evil and
wrongdoings of the wizarding world. The bond between he and his friends strengthens immensely.
The will to avenge his parents death also becomes more prominent. Harry ultimately changes into a
new person by the end of the

Essay about Formal Analysis of Relief of a Winged Genius
Formal Analysis of
Relief of a Winged Genius
Yahaira Guzman
Art History
09/29/10
Relief of a winged genius is a two dimensional stone relief sculpture currently located on the first
floor of the Museum of Fine Arts Boston, in the Ancient Near East
Gallery (Accession number: 81.56). It is an Assyrian artifact excavated from the palace walls of the
capital of ancient Nimrud, dating between 883 859 B.C. The unknown artist s deliberate use of size,
material, scale, style and content, together with the sculpture s original setting, reflects the politically
driven agenda during the reign of
Ashurnasirpal II.
Upon first viewing Relief of a winged genius, one cannot help but notice the enormity of the stone ...
After one takes in the armed and protective aura of the Winged Being, the eyes are struck by the the
very detailed workings of his hair and beard. His thick, curly and luxuriant hair suggests the kind of
hair that only the most virile of men posess. This human aspect of the winged being serves as way to
reflect the kings own power and virility. In terms of the object s anatomy, one notices the markings
that are inscribed over the area that encompasses the space directly above his left knee and below the
top of the sword in his right hand, spanning the full width of the sculpture. These markings are
actually text and is a form of writing technique called Cuneiform. The same text that is on Relief of A
Winged Genius also appears on other reliefs within the palace walls. The inscription tells of the story
of the kings lineage, his military victories, how he founded
Kalhu (present day Nimrud, Iraq) and built his palace. These inscriptions are a perfect example of
political propaganda which purposely highlight the kings skill and accomplishments. Considering the
artist s choice of medium, form, and content, it s clear that he or she chose their elements very
carefully to convey a message of power, strength, and permanence to the intended viewer at the time.
It s clear that this artist was comissioned by Ashurnasirpal II

Summary Of Clare Boothe Luce s Speech
As society advances and the opinions of the general public change several press outlets work to stay
up to date with the changing times. However, in an attempt to stay modernized journalists often times
sacrifice their integrity to stay favorable in the public eye. These degrading actions, often times
sacrifice the true news for more appealing news. Clare Boothe Luce, American journalist and
politician, gives a controversial speech to the Women s National Press Club condemning her female
audience. Moreover, as a female addressing an audience of women she is able to give her true opinion
and is able to honestly critique her colleagues. She persuades her audience by preparing them for the
criticism by reiterating that she is the guest, by praising journalism, and by logically providing
reasoning that the journalistic view must change for the good of the general public.
Luce begins her speech by expressing her happiness and excitement for being invited to be the guest
of honor at the Women s National Press Club. Expressing her happiness, she says she is flattered and
challenged by the opportunity to give her speech. However, as she continues her introduction by
repeating her introductory statement she alters it by saying that she is less happy and more challenged
than one might know. The slight change in her statement prepares her audience for something that
they may view as unpleasant, so that they do not feel shocked about what they are about to hear. Not
only is Clare Luce able to subtly communicate with her audience but she is also able to provide signs
that can help them better understand her purpose. Additionally, in order to remind the audience that
they asked for her opinion, Luce states that she did not offer to give the speech rather she says you
asked for it, reminding the audience that her opinion and critique is exactly what they requested. The
repetition of the nature of her speech allows Luce to confirm that her audience is clear about her
intentions with the speech that she is about to give.
As Luce continues her speech she softens her audience for the criticism by praising their careers and
their writings. Yet, she continues to provide warnings by retelling them that they are an

The Data Lake Is A Data System Of Large Volumes Of...
1 Data Lake
A data lake is a massive, easily usable, centralized repository of large volumes of unstructured and
structured data. The data lake approach is a store everything approach to big data. Data is not
classified when the data is stored in the repository, so the value of the data is not unlocked. A data lake
is unstructured when compared to a data warehouse. ( Data Lake , 2015)
1.2 Hadoop
Hadoop is an open source framework which is used for processing and analyzing big data. It consists
of a Hadoop Distributed File system and MapReduce. ( Data Lake , 2015)
1.3 Hadoop Data Lake
Hadoop Data Lake is a data management platform. Currently, Cummins has a Data lake environment
in Hadoop which stores data from Supply chain and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ETL processing runs in parallel across the entire cluster resulting in much faster operations than can
be achieved pulling data from a Storage Area Network into a collection of ETL servers. ( CITO
Research , 2014).
MapReduce refers to the application modules written by a programmer that run in two phases: first
mapping the data (extract) then reducing it (transform). Hadoop scales out to large clusters of servers
and storage using the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) to manage huge data sets and spread
them across the servers. Hadoop also has YARN (Yet another Resource Navigator) manages the
clusters, and MapReduce performs data processing which helps in faster processing. ( CITO Research
, 2014).
MapReduce is a framework on which you can execute programs written on Hadoop. (Programs are
written on Pig and Hive). These programs are executed and analysis is done. Further, if we need to do
statistical modeling, a tool called R or SAS can be used.
Example: Sensor data is stored in HDFS. After doing analytics, it may be found that the system has
been giving warnings about failure. R can then be used to make future predictions.
1.4 Hadoop Optimization
Cummins stores data from Distribution Business Unit, Power Generation Business Unit, Components
Business Unit, and Corporate in the Data Warehouse. Storing such large volumes of data in the data
warehouse would be expensive. The performance of the data warehouse would

Monty Python Grail Satire
Monty Python and the Holy Grail tells the story King Arthur and his knights quest for the Holy
Grail.This film depicts the adventures that the group encounters along their search. This movie
satirizes medieval culture. Set in England in the year 932, the film Monty Python and The Holy Grail
uses satirical techniques to expose classist societies and aggressive behavior, two targets with
medieval history and modern day relevance. The scene Constitutional Peasant uses superiority,
surprise, and incongruity to expose a classist society. The technique of superiority is expressed by
using the technique of triviality. Triviality is creating the illusion of shared identity by emphasizing the
commonplace and importance. Dennis shows the triviality

Correlation of Food and Human Survival in Two Cultures
The cliché that we eat to live embraces the fact that there is a strong positive correlation between food
and human survival. This brings to mind when a baby is born he or she has to depend on the breast
milk of the mother in order to survive. In the same manner all humanity needs food to stay healthy life
and strong all the time. The kind of food and the manner in which it is eating varies due to
geographical locations, cultural difference and climatic conditions. It is based on these reasons that the
comparison of diets are necessary. Comparing the Mediterranean diet to the West African diet, it is
superior in terms of nutritional value and inferior in terms of economic value (affordability) as well as
accessibility to the West African diet.
Mediterranean diet is not the term diet which is used to refer to a person who is restricted from eating
some kind of food due to health reasons. It is a life style adopted by a particular group of people living
in the countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. This lifestyle includes what to eat, how to eat and
the type of physical training they undergo to keep their bodies fit (Kathleon, MPH, RD LD). Some of
the Mediterranean diets include olive oil, fresh fruits, vegetables, fish and moderate amount of red
wine (Douaud, 2007). People who eat the Mediterranean diet follows its plan for it to work out
properly. The meditarranean diet pyramid is very useful when it comes to their meal plan. The
pyramid have the primary

Road Visit To Goa Essay
Road Trip from Pune to Goa!!!
For years I have been dreaming of a long road trip from Pune to Goa. Our engagement gives us an
opportunity to go to Goa and that was our next destination after this engagement. I and my fiancée
Srishti planned for a road trip of 4 days to Goa in my car. Rather that visiting the whole Goa, we
decided to visit only the north part of Goa.
We planned to visit one of the best cities, Goa and planned all things to make this trip a memorable
one. North Goa covers half of Goa. Goa is famous for magnificent scenic beauty, old houses,
churches, temple and beautiful golden sand beaches and exciting culture. The best road to reach north
Goa in all aspect is from Pune NH4 Kolhapur Nipani (Karnataka state) Sankeshwar (Karnataka ...
Now my car s control was in Srishti s hand. I was aware about the bad condition of Nipani Ajara road,
so we took the road which is 10 14 Km extra than Ajara road. Sankeshwar Gandhinglaj road was wide
and smooth enough to save journey time. We stop for some time at Amboli Ghat and then moved
ahead for next destination, Baga. It took 5 hours to reach Baga and it was around 12 noon. So we
search for a decent hotel for freshen up and rest. We booked a room at Relax Holiday Home in Arpora
for next 3 days. It is a nice hotel with swimming pool, gym and other amenities. After getting fresh,
we went for lunch as both were hungry. We had our lunch at the hotel restaurant and the food was
delectable. We had a power nap at the hotel after lunch. Then we went to Chapora Fort that played an
important role in history in defending the Portuguese from the attacks of Marathas. After spending
some time at the top of the fort we headed towards the Vagator beach. It s a small and beautiful beach
with a very less crowd. We spend some quality time together and saw the lovely sunset over the sea.
We had some lovely conversation that realizes me how special she is for me. At 7pm we went towards
Arpora Saturday night bazaar which is a very famous night bazaar. It is filled with many shopping
stalls, food stalls, drinks, live music show, etc. and you will enjoy walking through these. We spend 3
hours there by walking through the

Case Study Of Hutchison And Vodafone
Case facts
The case talked about the 2 companies i.e. Hutchison and Vodafone.
Hutchison Telecommunications International Ltd (HTIL)
Hutchison Telecommunications Hong Kong Holdings Limited (stock code: 215) is an established
telecommunications operator providing advanced mobile telecommunications services in Hong Kong
and Macau under the 3 brand
Island (Mauritius) was a 100 % Subsidiary of Hutchison (Hong Kong).
Vodafone (VIH)
Vodafone International Holdings BV a company incorporated in Netherlands. It was the purchaser of
one share of CGP
Hutchison Essar Limited (HEL)
Hutchison Essar Limited, under the brand name Hutch, operates in 16 licence areas in India
It has CGP Company as a subsidiary holding about 67 % shares and Essar had ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus Vodafone was asked to pay Penalty of about 11,000 Crore for amount to be paid to HTIL.
Wherein Vodafone has not replied to that notice and filed a writ petition to the challenge.
Vodafone was trying to use the method of Tax heavens and SPV which are designed to help in similar
cases but MUMBAI high court rejected the petition with cost. Post that they tried to file again using
SLP as a sword against Supreme Court and further the case was passed to income tax department
Law continuous to impose various legal system on this particular case and confirms that Vodafone
have to pay raised by to India, but Vodafone also presented massive documentary evidence and tried
hard to get rid of the situation.
Issue in the case
On the name of CGP Company which was otherwise a null entity, Vodafone Company was asked to
pay taxes for a purchase of subsidiary company (CGL) of
Hutchison Essar telecom
Retrospective amendment is being allowed
Whether Income Tax Department has a control over asking for the taxes over the transaction among
two foreign companies
Act and law used in this case
ITA Income tax Act.
Retrospective legislation
Share purchase agreement
Transfer pricing tax
Vodafone perspective
According to the company, the transaction had occurred between VIH and HTIL wherein they entered
into a SPA for the sale of CGP share. Here the accedence was signed

1 What Problems Did Enron EncounteredMany
1. What problems did Enron encountered?
Many went sour in the early months of 2001 as Enron s stock price and debt rating imploded because
of loss of investor and creditor trust
Methods the company used to disclose (or creatively obscure) it s complicated financial dealings were
erroneous and, in the view of some, downright deceptive
The company s lack of transparency in reporting its financial affairs, followed by financial
restatements disclosing billions of dollars of omitted liabilities and losses, contributed to its demise
2. How did the management react?
Enron did not report debt on its balance sheet. Through collaboration with major banks, SPEs
borrowed money, often with direct or indirect guarantees from Enron. The cash was ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
When similar transactions cannot be identified and active markets do not exist, the auditor has the
unsolvable problem of finding a way to know the intent of the party controlling the transaction.
4. How did they react?
The Enron implosion has wreaked more havoc on the accounting profession than any other case in
U.S. history. Critics in the media, Congress and elsewhere are calling into question not only the
adequacy of U.S. disclosure practices but also the integrity of the independent audit process. The
general public still questions how CPA firms can maintain audit independence while at the same time
engaging in consulting work, often for fees that dwarf those of the audit.
The CEOs of the Big Five accounting firms made a joint statement on December 4 committing to
develop improved guidance on disclosure of related party transactions, SPEs and market risks for
derivatives including energy contracts for the 2001 reporting period. In addition, the Big Five called
for modernization of the financial reporting system in the United States to make it more timely and
relevant, including more nonfinancial information on entity performance.
5. Give your opinion in the case.
For me, it is so disappointing that everyone in Enron was in on the scam including the top
management, directors, internal and external

Comparing The Wife s Lament And The Seafarer
In the Anglo Saxon epic poems The Wife s Lament , The Wanderer , and The Seafarer , the authors
make their poetry much more interesting and enjoyable by inserting literary devices that add meaning
and cohesiveness to each line. Each poem contains multiple literary devices such as kennings,
caesuras, and imagery. These tools work together in order to add mood and transparency to the poetry.
The Wife s Lament is a poem that was translated by Ann Standford, and it uses numerous literary
devices to convey the pains and emotions being felt by the narrator, an exiled wife. The author of the
poem uses a metaphor to compare the cave the wife has moved into to an empty hall: under an oak
tree in this den in the earth. / Ancient this eath hall. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Kennedy, utilizes literary devices to make the plot clear and organized, while also adding imagery to
the poem. The first example of this is the flashback used in the first paragraph: Homeless and helpless
he fled from fate / Thus saith the wanderer mindful of misery, / Grievous disasters, and death of kin
(Kennedy 5 7). This flashback provides background information for the readers that is necessary to
understand what is happening through the rest of the poem. The next literary device appears in the
second stanza of the poem: Over wintry seas, seeking a gold lord (Kennedy 23). Gold lord is a
kenning in this line, and it is meant to point out the fact that the wanderer is hoping that his life will
return to how it was before; however, it is too unrealistic, just as finding a gold lord or perfect king
would be impossible. Alliteration is used to highlight the wanderer s feelings during his time of exile:
Fettered my feelings, far from my kin, / Homeless and hapless (Kennedy 19 20). By using alliteration
only for certain phrases, the author makes those phrases stand out to the reader. These particular lines
were important because they portrayed the narrator s emotion and establish the uneasy mood in the

Earthquake Intensities
Earthquake Intensities
Earthquakes are a marvel of geology. When faults under the surface of the earth move, the ground
moves. These earthquakes can be very mild, barely registering or they can be horrific with far
reaching consequences. Scientists have become fascinated with the study of earthquakes for centuries
but it is only in recent years that quantified data has been collected and analyzed by scientists
regarding these geologic phenomena. Before the invention of the Richter scale, less accurate means of
measuring an earthquake s intensity were used by geological scientists.
Until the early 1900s, earthquakes could only be measured after the earthquake had ended and then
only approximations could be made. The first attempt at scientifically measuring an earthquake s
intensity was performed in the middle of the nineteenth century. In Italy in 1857, the after effects of an
earthquake were quantified (Lutgen 2011, page 179). A map was created to show the comparable
damages that were found in different areas. This allowed geographers to make maps which would
show the areas of highest intensity and how intensity lessened in surrounding areas. Although this was
helpful, it only showed comparative intensities, not quantified data.
In 1902, Giuseppe Mercalli developed what was called the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. An
American version of the Mercalli system was incorporated in 1931. This system judged intensity of
earthquakes based upon the ways California

Power Electronics Essay
Power electronics circuits convert electric power from one form to other using electronic devices. By
using semiconductor devices as switches power electronics circuits function, thereby controlling or
modifying a voltage or current.Power electronics application range from high power conversion
equipment such as dc power transmission to everyday appliances, such as cell phone chargers,
cordless screwdrivers, power supplies for computers, and hybrid automobiles. Power electronics
includes applications in which circuits process miliwatts or megawatts.Power electronics include
conversion of an unregulated dc voltage to a regulated dc voltage conversion of ac to dc, conversion
of dc to ac, and conversion of an ac power source from one amplitude and frequency to another
amplitude and frequency. These power converters are classified as rectifiers, AC voltage controllers,
DC choppers and inverters, which covers wide area of residential, commercial and industrial
applications, including computers, transportation and power utilizes [1].
Power electronic converters, especially DC/AC inverters have been extending their range of use in
industrial application because they provide better system efficiency, reduced energy consumption and
improved quality of power. The output voltage of inverter could be fixed or variable at a fixed or
variable frequency and output waveforms are therefore made up of discrete values, producing fast
transition rather than smooth ones [2]. The ability to

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