Isolation of Cellulose from Natural Fibers, Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) , Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) , FTIR Analysis, AFM Analysis

1. SYNTHESIS OF Carboxymethyl
cellulose

2. Introduction:
• CMC is a cellulose derivative polymer.
• Good rheological and gel stable characteristics
• Can get higher viscosity at low temperature
• CMC has good hydrophile and rehydration properties
• Have good suspension bearing capacity

3. Why Natural Fibres?
• Cost effective
• Easily Available
• Fast Growing
• Better Waste Disposal
• Better use of pest plants

4. Why we chose these plants?
• Bamboo: Easily available, High Cellulose content.
• Bagasse: Common waste, Cheaply available
• Water Hyacinth, Pest plant, Fastly growing.

5. Objective
• Preparation, Characterization and Comparison of CMC produced
from
• Water Hyacinth
• Bagasse
• Common synthesis

6. Procedure to Isolate Cellulose
1. Water hyacinth powdering
• Sample was dried at 70°C for 72 hours,
• Grounded and then sieved using 60 mesh size sieve.
2.

7. Dewaxing:
• To remove wax from the dried powder
• Sample: 5 gm of water hyacinth powder
• Solvent : Ethanol & Toluene
• Maintained temperature at 100°C

8. Delignification:
• To remove lignin from dewaxed fibre
• Solvent: i) Acetic acid (99.8 wt%)
ii) Hydrogen peroxide (35 wt%)
• Catalyst: Titanium dioxide (~1 gm)
• Maintained temperature at 95-100°C

9. Alkaline Treatment
• To remove the pectin and hemi-cellulose
• Solvent: Sodium hydroxide (6 wt%)
• Maintained temperature at 95-100°C and
stirred for 2 hours

10. Characterization
1. FTIR Analysis:
• Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
• FTIR Spectrometer is used

11. • To obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of solid ,liquid
and gas
• Wave numbers gives assignment
• FTIR spectrometer simultaneously collects high-spectral-resolution data
over a wide spectral range.
2. X-ray Diffraction
3. Thermogravimetric Analysis
4. Scanning Electron Microscopy

12. APPLICATIONS:
• High viscosity of sodium CMC reduces 3%-5% oil content of fried food
during the process of frying.
• Used to make food keep the uniformity on odor, concentration and taste.
• Can retain certain moisture of bakery food, prevent such food from aging or
seasoning crack, and make food with appearance configuration.
• Is helpful for intestine cleaning as cellulose, suitable to make low calorie
food for patients with hypertension, arteriosclerosis, coronary heart diseases.

14. Results: FTIR graph
For Dried Water hyacinth fiber:

15. For Dewaxed Water hyacinth fiber

16. For Delignified Water hyacinth fiber

17. For Cellulose

18. FTIR peak values

19. Recovery

20. Conclusion
• The fibers of water hyacinth were dewaxed, delignified, washed and
treated to with alkaline solution. This fiber was analysed using FTIR
analysis and we concluded that the sample we isolated was in fact
cellulose. The percentage recovery was calculated to be 28%

21. Literature Review
Author Title Significant Point Year
Asep Handaya
Saputra, Melanie
Hapsari, Alia Badra
Pitaloka
Synthesis and Characterization of CMC from
Water Hyacinth Cellulose Using Isobutyl-Isopropyl
Alcohol Mixture as Reaction Medium
Introduction 2015
J Drug Deliv Carboxymethyl Cellulose Acetate Butyrate: A Review of the
Preparations, Properties, and Applications
Properties 2014
J.X. Sun, X.F. Sun,
H. Zhao, R.C. Sun
Isolation and characterization of cellulose from sugarcane
bagasse
Identified method
of isolation
2004
Jianxin He,
Yuyuan Tang,
and Shan-Yuan
Wang
Differences in Morphological Characteristics of
Bamboo
Fibres and other Natural Cellulose Fibres
Characteristics and
plants to focus on.
2007

22. Work Plan
• Isolation of cellulose(using Bagasse & hyacinth)
• Synthesis of CMC
• Characterization of CMC
• Applications of the synthesized CMC

23. Reference:
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potential texturising properties of lemon and maize cellulose microfibrils,
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3. Asep Handaya Saputra, Linnisa Qadhayna, and Alia Badra Pitaloka, Synthesis and Characterization of
Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) from Water Hyacinth Using Ethanol-Isobutyl Alcohol Mixture as the
Solvents, International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, Vol. 5, No. 1
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type. Part II: A new infrared ratio for estimation of crystallinity in celluloses I and II, J. Appl. Polym. Sci.,
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24. THANK YOU