This document summarizes recent advancements in wastewater treatment from the textiles industry. It discusses how textile processing produces large amounts of wastewater containing dyes, acids, bases and metals. Bioremediation using microorganisms like bacteria and fungi is an effective approach for treating this wastewater. New technologies being studied include using microbial consortia, microbial fuel cells, in silico modeling, and membranes. The document reviews case studies from India using approaches like membrane bioreactors and constructed wetlands to treat textile wastewater. It concludes that interdisciplinary research and strong regulations are needed to advance wastewater recycling and prevent pollution.

1. P18BTE0003
Bioremediation technology
Assignment
Research paper on recent advancement in
wastewater treatment
Roshini S
21mbt014

2. Biotechnological advancement and challenges in textiles effluents
management for a sustainable bioeconomy : Indian case studies
Anita Srivastava, Sheetal Bandhu
a Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New
Delhi, 110016, India
b Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India

3. Abstract
• Remediation is challenging due to presence of pollutants like dyes,
acids, bases, metals and microorganism
• Use of biological recycling methods to reduce environmental
pollution
• This review views in recent trend in treatment of textile effluents.
• Studies on silico and multiomics ( proteomics, genomics,
metabolomics)

4. Problem statement
•According to the US EPA, an average of a minimum of 40 L of freshwater is
required for coloring 1 kg of cloth, which may vary ac- cording to the dyeing
process of textile material. The wastewater released consists of different
suspended mineral salts and oils, metals and their complexes and dyes,
some non-biodegradable products if un- treated will pollute the rivers
and sea after discharge.
•Annually, ~830 million m3 of groundwater is used, and ~640 million m3 of
wastewater is discharged.

5. Objective
• Biological processes such as bioremediation and its integration
with advanced computational tools provide a distinct edge to
address the present environmental challenges and are considered
to be phenomenally effective in eradicating various
biohazardous from textile effluents.

6. Introduction
• Textiles processed from comprises sizing, desizing, dyeing, printing
and finishing operations requires certain toxic chemicals,
stabilizers.
• This process requires ample amount of water and wide range of
synthetic dyes (azo, directive, acidic and basic).
• All these harmful chemicals are discharged as effluents.
• Microbial communities and water are tremendously affected.
• The pollutants causes cytotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic.
• In India majority of textile industries are located in Tirupur and karur
in Tamil Nādu, Kanpur in Uttar Pradesh, Ludhiana in Punjab, and
Surat in Gujarat

7. Contd..
• This article focus on advancements in treatment of textile effluent
using biological, enzymatic, microbial, genetic modified
microorganisms, nano technology and membrane reactors
• Microbial assisted method- genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics,
and metabolomics and Insilco approaches

8. Particles in textile waste water
• Suspended mineral salts
• Oil
• Metals and their complexes
• Dyes
Bioremediation:
This is preferred due to their versatility and molecular diversity
compared to physical and chemical methods.
The micro organism like bacteria fungi, yeast algae have been widely
used.

9. Mechanism of microorganism
• Microbial consortium- strain attract dye molecules at different
positions
• Degradation products of one strain may be utilized as substrate by
another.
• The microorganisms explore different biochemical pathways and
biosorption process to degrade, decolorize, detoxify and
mineralize water pollutants.
• Advantages: The procedure is ecofriendly, sustainable.
• Limitations: time consuming

10. Microbial fuel cell technology
• A microbial fuel cell is a rapidly
growing, eco-friendly and green
technology. As per this technology, the
microorganisms are employed
to convert the chemical energy
stored in the biodegradable portion
of organic matter into direct electric
current by simultaneously treating
the wastewater.
• This is a bioelectric chemical
mechanism oxidation
• The development of microbial fuel cell
(MFC) makes it possible to generate
clean electricity as well as remove
pollutants from wastewater.

11. Insilco methods
• For complex pollutants
• Relies on areas of science including computational biology, molecular
modeling, genomics, proteomics, molecular dynamics simulation, algorithm
for prediction of pathways
• Insilco docking- study the biodegradation of pollutants by microorganisms and
to understand biochemical and molecular reactions taking place inside the
microorganism during bioremediation.
• Bioinformatics and molecular docking are widely used tools for predicting
susceptibility of dye degradation using oxidoreductive enzymes.

12. Emerging membranes
• Ultrafiltration
• Microfiltration
• Nanofiltration
• Reverse osmosis
Used in purification and desalinating of dyes
These membranes remove color, suspended solids, organic salts from
textile wastewater
Advantages: low environmental impact, flexibility, high effluent quality

13. Textile effluent treatment in India: case
studies
• The treatment of red dye, containing synthetic textile wastewater using an
aerobically run continuous flow mode submerged membrane bioreactor
(SMBR), with different hydraulic retention times and an increase in
transmembrane pressure from 0.29 to 0.58 bar during each run.
• Two non-adapted bacteria,
• Aeromonas hydrophila MTCC 1739 and
Lysinibacillus sphaericus MTCC 9523 were investigated for a textile dye
decolorization (azo dye Drimaren Red CL-5B). An advanced Biosolve IT software
was adopted the identification of active site residues, and molecular interactions
between dye and bacterial laccase and azoreductase.
It was suggested that both bacterial strains had the potential for decolorization and
biodegradation of azo dye containing textile wastewater. Thus, an advanced
approach was vali- dated, for an in silico preliminary screening and bacterial dye
degra- dation, for an economical, eco-friendly, and time-efficient bioremediation for
reprocessing of treated water

14. Overview of generation of textile effluent and
treatment using bioremediation technologies.

15. Trending integrated biotechnological approaches
and their outcomes in textile effluent treatment

16. Textile effluent treatment and recycling using
integrated biotechnological approaches

17. Result
• The removal rate for BOD, COD, and color was 93.69%
92.33%, and 91.36%, respectively. A stable fluX and fouling
were prevented by covering the membrane with a wire mesh cage
and routine cleaning was performed.
• The findings revealed that SMBR is efficacious for treating
synthetic textile waste- water .Reported the effective use of a
floating photo bed system based on the plant consortium of
Chrysopogon ziza- nioides and Typha angustifolia for the
removal of Scarlet RR Dye and treatment of textile effluent by
using the plant consortia linked to microbial fuel cells resulting in
a reduction of color, biological oXygen demand, chemical oXygen
demand total suspended solids and total dissolved solids .

18. conclusion
• Textile water recycling has significant bioeconomy.
• Interdisciplinary advanced research is required to address challenges including
genetics, membrane engineering.
• Strong measures to prevent the release of these pollutants into aqueous
environment.
• Proper regulation of textile water
• Innovation in recycling process

19. Reference:
• Journal homepage: www.sciencedirect.com/journal/case-studies-in-chemical- and-environmental-
engineering

20. Thank you