Abstract In modern era, the increasing size of the power system, to maximize the use of existing systems and to provide adequate voltage support is an emphasis on finding solutions. This flexibility is needed electricity. Better placed than the Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) to control the flow of electricity, and to provide voltage support can be effective in turn resulting in less damage. The impact of these tools on line flow and bus voltage profile at random algorithm to determine the optimal number of ratings have been studied by keeping them better . The FACTS devices are expensive cause of that FACTS type, number and location of the FACTS devices is very important, for decide the optimal location and parameters of FACTS devices. FACTS are used in the following purposes: Transmission pricing issues by maximizing social welfare with or without consideration of FACTS’ costs; Better utilization of FACT by maximizing FACTS devices total transferred power; Reactive power or voltage control by minimizing transmission losses, or voltage fluctuation. Increase system’s security under emergency by minimizing transmission lines loadability. Power flow control, a current long transmission line, plays an important role within the energy system. The letter swings, long-distance transmission line voltage and power flow control in unified power flow controller (UPFC) based compensation associated series or shunt FACTS devices are employed. Devices such as the proposed transmission line, between the end of the sending and receiving end to the transmission line is used in places as different. Here also deals with determining the optimum placement of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) damping out swings, voltage and improves power transfer devices for a long transmission line. Here the concept of compensation mid-point of facts is presented for optimal placement. Keywords: Stability, first swings, rotor angle, power transfer, Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), reactive power
Comparison of Shunt Facts Devices for the Improvement of Transient Stability ...IJSRD
This paper presents, the performance of STATCOM placed at midpoint of the two machine power system and compared with the performance of SVC. The comparison of various results found for the different type of faults (single line, double line & three phase fault) occur in long transmission line, and their removal by using shunt FACTS devices is analysed. Computer simulation results under a severe disturbance condition (three phase fault) for different fault clearing times, and different line lengths are analyzed. Both controllers are implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results shows that the STATCOM with conventional PI controller installed with two machine three bus systems provides better damping oscillation characteristics in rotor angle as compared to two machine power system installed with SVC. The transient stability of two machine system installed with STATCOM has been improved considerably and post settling time of the system after facing disturbance is also improved.
Investigation and Comparison of the Effect of Facts Devices, Capacitors and L...IJAPEJOURNAL
This paper studies the important power system phenomenon and voltage stability by using continuation power flow method. Voltage collapse scenario is presented which can be a serious result of voltage instability and also the parameters that affected by voltage collapse are discussed. In analyzing power system voltage stability, continuation power flow method is utilized which consists of successive load flows. In this paper steady-state modeling of Static VAR Compensator (SVC) and Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) and effect of compensator and variation of line reactance on the voltage stability have been studied and Comparison between performance of UPFC and SVC and installation shunt capacitor and variation of line reactance for improve voltage stability has been done.Case studies are carried on 11 bus network in two areas. Simulation is done with PSAT in MATLAB. Continuation Power Flow was implemented using Newton Raphson method. Simulation results show the proper performance of UPFC, SVC, installation shunt capacitor and variation of line reactance to improve voltage control and significantly increase the loadability margin of power systems.
Location of Shunt FACTS Devices for First-Swing Stability Enhancement in Inte...Editor IJMTER
This paper deals with the location of shunt FACTS devices to improve transient stability
in a long transmission line with predefined direction of real power flow. Shunt Flexible AC
Transmission System (FACTS) devices, when placed at the mid-point of a long transmission line,
play an important role in controlling the reactive power flow to the power network and hence both
the system voltage fluctuations and transient stability. The validity of the mid-point location of shunt
FACTS devices was verified using Simulink, with different shunt FACTS devices, namely static var
compensator (SVC) and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) in a long transmission line
using the actual line model. It has been observed that the FACTS devices, when placed slightly offcentre towards sending-end, give better performance in improving transient stability and the location
depends on the amount of local/through load. The results are experimented and simulated on
MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Power Flow Study and Performance of STATCOM and TCSC in Improvement Voltage S...IJAPEJOURNAL
Power systems operation becomes more important as the load demand increases all over the world. This rapid increase in load demand forces power systems to operate near critical limits due to economical and environmental constraints. The objective in power systems operation is to serve energy with acceptable voltage and frequency to consumers at minimum cost. This paper studies the important power system phenomenon and voltage stability by using continuation power flow method and steady-state modeling of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) for continuation power flow studies has been represented and discussed in details.also this paper studies voltage stability by using continuation power flow method and Comparison between performance of TCSC and STATCOM for improve voltage stability has been done. Case studies are carried on 9 bus network. Simulation is done with PSAT in MATLAB. Power Flow and Continuation Power Flow is was implemented using Newton-Raphson method. Simulation results show the proper performance of TCSC and STATCOM to improve voltage control and power flows on the lines and significantly increase the loadability margin of power systems.
Comparison of FACTS Devices for Two Area Power System Stability Enhancement u...IJAPEJOURNAL
Modern Power Transmission networks are becoming increasingly stressed due to growing demand and restrictions on building new lines. Losing stability is one of the major threat of such a stressed system following a disturbance. Flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) devices are found to be very effective in a transmission network for better utilization of its existing facilities without sacrificing the desired stability margin. The static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and Static Var Compensator (SVC) are the shunt devices of the flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) family. When system voltage is low, STATCOM generates reactive power and when system voltage is high it absorbs reactive power whereas the Static Var compensator provides the fast acting dynamic compensation in case of severe faults. In this Paper, the performance of SVC is compared with the performance of STATCOM. Proposed controllers are implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results indicate that the STATCOM controller installed with two machine systems provides better damping characteristics in rotor angle as compared to two machine system installed with SVC. Thus, transient stability enhancement of the two machine system installed with STATCOM is better than that installed with SVC.
Comparison of Shunt Facts Devices for the Improvement of Transient Stability ...IJSRD
This paper presents, the performance of STATCOM placed at midpoint of the two machine power system and compared with the performance of SVC. The comparison of various results found for the different type of faults (single line, double line & three phase fault) occur in long transmission line, and their removal by using shunt FACTS devices is analysed. Computer simulation results under a severe disturbance condition (three phase fault) for different fault clearing times, and different line lengths are analyzed. Both controllers are implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results shows that the STATCOM with conventional PI controller installed with two machine three bus systems provides better damping oscillation characteristics in rotor angle as compared to two machine power system installed with SVC. The transient stability of two machine system installed with STATCOM has been improved considerably and post settling time of the system after facing disturbance is also improved.
Investigation and Comparison of the Effect of Facts Devices, Capacitors and L...IJAPEJOURNAL
This paper studies the important power system phenomenon and voltage stability by using continuation power flow method. Voltage collapse scenario is presented which can be a serious result of voltage instability and also the parameters that affected by voltage collapse are discussed. In analyzing power system voltage stability, continuation power flow method is utilized which consists of successive load flows. In this paper steady-state modeling of Static VAR Compensator (SVC) and Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) and effect of compensator and variation of line reactance on the voltage stability have been studied and Comparison between performance of UPFC and SVC and installation shunt capacitor and variation of line reactance for improve voltage stability has been done.Case studies are carried on 11 bus network in two areas. Simulation is done with PSAT in MATLAB. Continuation Power Flow was implemented using Newton Raphson method. Simulation results show the proper performance of UPFC, SVC, installation shunt capacitor and variation of line reactance to improve voltage control and significantly increase the loadability margin of power systems.
Location of Shunt FACTS Devices for First-Swing Stability Enhancement in Inte...Editor IJMTER
This paper deals with the location of shunt FACTS devices to improve transient stability
in a long transmission line with predefined direction of real power flow. Shunt Flexible AC
Transmission System (FACTS) devices, when placed at the mid-point of a long transmission line,
play an important role in controlling the reactive power flow to the power network and hence both
the system voltage fluctuations and transient stability. The validity of the mid-point location of shunt
FACTS devices was verified using Simulink, with different shunt FACTS devices, namely static var
compensator (SVC) and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) in a long transmission line
using the actual line model. It has been observed that the FACTS devices, when placed slightly offcentre towards sending-end, give better performance in improving transient stability and the location
depends on the amount of local/through load. The results are experimented and simulated on
MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Power Flow Study and Performance of STATCOM and TCSC in Improvement Voltage S...IJAPEJOURNAL
Power systems operation becomes more important as the load demand increases all over the world. This rapid increase in load demand forces power systems to operate near critical limits due to economical and environmental constraints. The objective in power systems operation is to serve energy with acceptable voltage and frequency to consumers at minimum cost. This paper studies the important power system phenomenon and voltage stability by using continuation power flow method and steady-state modeling of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) for continuation power flow studies has been represented and discussed in details.also this paper studies voltage stability by using continuation power flow method and Comparison between performance of TCSC and STATCOM for improve voltage stability has been done. Case studies are carried on 9 bus network. Simulation is done with PSAT in MATLAB. Power Flow and Continuation Power Flow is was implemented using Newton-Raphson method. Simulation results show the proper performance of TCSC and STATCOM to improve voltage control and power flows on the lines and significantly increase the loadability margin of power systems.
Comparison of FACTS Devices for Two Area Power System Stability Enhancement u...IJAPEJOURNAL
Modern Power Transmission networks are becoming increasingly stressed due to growing demand and restrictions on building new lines. Losing stability is one of the major threat of such a stressed system following a disturbance. Flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) devices are found to be very effective in a transmission network for better utilization of its existing facilities without sacrificing the desired stability margin. The static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and Static Var Compensator (SVC) are the shunt devices of the flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) family. When system voltage is low, STATCOM generates reactive power and when system voltage is high it absorbs reactive power whereas the Static Var compensator provides the fast acting dynamic compensation in case of severe faults. In this Paper, the performance of SVC is compared with the performance of STATCOM. Proposed controllers are implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results indicate that the STATCOM controller installed with two machine systems provides better damping characteristics in rotor angle as compared to two machine system installed with SVC. Thus, transient stability enhancement of the two machine system installed with STATCOM is better than that installed with SVC.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Transient stability in power system is vital to be addressed due to large disturbances that could damage the system such as load changes and voltage increases. This paper presents a multi-machine transient stability using the Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC). SSSC is a device that is connected in series with the power transmission line and produces controllable voltage which contribute to a better performance in the power system stability. As a result, this research has observed a comparison of the synchronization of a three-phase system during single-phase faults before and after installing the SSSC device. In addition, this research investigates the ability of three different types of controllers i.e. Proportional Integral (PI), Proportional Integral Derivation (PID), and Generic controllers to be added to the SSSC improve the transient stability as it cannot operate by itself. This is because the improvement is too small and not able to achieve the desired output. The task presented is to improve the synchronization of the system and time taken for the voltage to stabilize due to the fault. The simulation result shows that the SSSC with an additional controller can improve the stability of a multi-machine power system in a single phase fault.
Power quality enhancement by improving voltage stability using dstatcomeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A Literature Review on Experimental Study of Power Losses in Transmission Lin...paperpublications3
Abstract: The flexible Ac transmission system (FACTS) controllers can play an important role in the power system security enhancement. However, due to high capital investment, it is necessary to locate these controllers optimally in the power system. FACTS devices can regulate the active and reactive power control as well as adaptive to voltage-magnitude control simultaneously because of their flexibility and fast control characteristics. Placement of these devices in suitable location can lead to control in line flow and maintain bus voltages in desired level and so improve voltage stability margins. In the previous paper three type of FACTS devices used in transmission lines for improvement of voltage profile in the power system. This paper describes the simulation result of flexible Alternative Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices used in the disturbed power systems. Out of three types of FACTS device UPFC performances is considered to be best comparatively with respect to each of the three devices.
Impact of LCC–HVDC multiterminal on generator rotor angle stability IJECEIAES
Multiterminal High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission utilizing Line Commutated Converter (LCC-HVDC) technology is on the increase in interconnecting a remote generating station to any urban centre via long distance DC lines. This Multiterminal-HVDC (MTDC) system offers a reduced right of way benefits, reduction in transmission losses, as well as robust power controllability with enhanced stability margin. However, utilizing the MTDC system in an AC network bring about a new area of associated fault analysis as well as the effect on the entire AC system during a transient fault condition. This paper analyses the fault current contribution of an MTDC system during transient fault to the rotor angle of a synchronous generator. The results show a high rotor angle swing during a transient fault and the effectiveness of fast power system stabilizer connected to the generator automatic voltage regulator in damping the system oscillations. The MTDC link improved the system performance by providing an alternative path of power transfer and quick system recovery during transient fault thus increasing the rate at which the system oscillations were damped out. This shows great improvement compared to when power was being transmitted via AC lines.
Under voltage load shedding for contingency analysis to optimize power loss ...elelijjournal
Power system contingency is a condition of operation which may be caused due to line outage in a system
and could lead to entire system voltage instability. This may further result in voltage collapse leading to total blackout of the system. Therefore, voltage collapse prediction and estimating voltage stability margin
is an important task in power system operation and planning. In this paper Line Stability Index Lij utilizing
the concept of power flow in a single line is adopted to determine the condition of voltage instability. The
purpose of Lij is to determine the point of voltage instability, the weakest bus in the system and the critical
line referred to a bus. Analytical approach based technique for load shedding has been developed as a solution for secured operation of power system under various contingency conditions to optimize the power
flow in order to minimize the system losses within acceptable limit. To validate the effectiveness of the
proposed method simulation has been carried out on IEEE 14 bus system.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
A Review on Power System Voltage Stability and Optimization TechniquesIJERA Editor
Power system voltage stability is a one of the major focused areas in recent days due to mismatch between generation and demand. Maintenance of voltage stability is a challenging issue in planning and security assessment of power systems. Voltage stability is the ability of a power system to maintain steady acceptable voltages at all buses in the power system under normal operating conditions and after being subjected to a disturbance. Long-term voltage instability problems can occur in heavily loaded systems where the electrical distance is large between the generator and the load. Timely application of reactive power compensation or load shedding may prevent this type of voltage instability. System reactive power handling capacity can be improved with Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices. Identification of critical system locations to undertake appropriate remedial measures in operation is the concern. This paper reviews the performance of various types FACTS controllers in power system voltage stability problem and focuses on different optimization methods implemented for optimal placement and sizing of FACTS devices to minimize power losses.
Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systemsijtsrd
Flexible AC Transmission System FACTS refers to a family of power electronics-based devices designed to increase power transfer capability of power transmission system. The main objective of FACTS is to obtain AC systems with a high level of flexibility just as in high-voltage DC systems. FACTS uses power electronics for controlling power flow in a transmission system. This paper provides a brief introduction to FACTS devices or controllers. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Adedamola A. Omotoso | Sarhan M. Musa | Adebowale E. Shadare "Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19063.pdf
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
UPFC in order to Enhance the Power System ReliabilityIJMER
The maintenance and reliability of the power system has become a major aspect of study. The
solution is the use of FACTS devices especially the use of UPFC. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)
is the most widely used FACTS device to control the power flow and to optimize the system stability in the
transmission line. It is used to control the power flow in the transmission systems by controlling the
impedance, voltage magnitude and phase angle. This controller offers advantages in terms of static and
dynamic operation of the power system. The UPFC with its various modes of operation is understood.
Second, the operation of control system used in its converters is also studied. Finally by help of modeling
of a power system in SIMULINK / MATLAB SIMPOWERSYSTEM and by installing single phase UPFC
in transmission link, its use as power flow controller and voltage injection and constructing a lab scale
model of UPFC is discussed also.
Design and Analysis of Adaptive Neural Controller for Voltage Source Converte...IDES Editor
Usually a STATCOM is installed to support power
system networks that have a poor power factor and often poor
voltage regulation. It is based on a power electronics voltagesource
converter. Various PWM techniques make selective
harmonic elimination possible, which effectively control the
harmonic content of voltage source converters. The distribution
systems have to supply unbalanced nonlinear loads transferring
oscillations to the DC-side of the converter in a realistic
operating condition. Thus, additional harmonics are modulated
through the STATCOM at the point of common coupling
(PCC). This requires more attention when switching angles are
calculated offline using the optimal PWM technique. This
paper, therefore, presents the artificial neural network model
for defining the switching criterion of the VSC for the
STATCOM in order to reduce the total harmonic distortion
(THD) of the injected line current at the PCC. The model takes
into the account the dc capacitor effect, effects of other possible
varying parameters such as voltage unbalance as well as
network harmonics. A reference is developed for offline
prediction and then implemented with the help of back
propagation technique.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Transient stability in power system is vital to be addressed due to large disturbances that could damage the system such as load changes and voltage increases. This paper presents a multi-machine transient stability using the Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC). SSSC is a device that is connected in series with the power transmission line and produces controllable voltage which contribute to a better performance in the power system stability. As a result, this research has observed a comparison of the synchronization of a three-phase system during single-phase faults before and after installing the SSSC device. In addition, this research investigates the ability of three different types of controllers i.e. Proportional Integral (PI), Proportional Integral Derivation (PID), and Generic controllers to be added to the SSSC improve the transient stability as it cannot operate by itself. This is because the improvement is too small and not able to achieve the desired output. The task presented is to improve the synchronization of the system and time taken for the voltage to stabilize due to the fault. The simulation result shows that the SSSC with an additional controller can improve the stability of a multi-machine power system in a single phase fault.
Power quality enhancement by improving voltage stability using dstatcomeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A Literature Review on Experimental Study of Power Losses in Transmission Lin...paperpublications3
Abstract: The flexible Ac transmission system (FACTS) controllers can play an important role in the power system security enhancement. However, due to high capital investment, it is necessary to locate these controllers optimally in the power system. FACTS devices can regulate the active and reactive power control as well as adaptive to voltage-magnitude control simultaneously because of their flexibility and fast control characteristics. Placement of these devices in suitable location can lead to control in line flow and maintain bus voltages in desired level and so improve voltage stability margins. In the previous paper three type of FACTS devices used in transmission lines for improvement of voltage profile in the power system. This paper describes the simulation result of flexible Alternative Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices used in the disturbed power systems. Out of three types of FACTS device UPFC performances is considered to be best comparatively with respect to each of the three devices.
Impact of LCC–HVDC multiterminal on generator rotor angle stability IJECEIAES
Multiterminal High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission utilizing Line Commutated Converter (LCC-HVDC) technology is on the increase in interconnecting a remote generating station to any urban centre via long distance DC lines. This Multiterminal-HVDC (MTDC) system offers a reduced right of way benefits, reduction in transmission losses, as well as robust power controllability with enhanced stability margin. However, utilizing the MTDC system in an AC network bring about a new area of associated fault analysis as well as the effect on the entire AC system during a transient fault condition. This paper analyses the fault current contribution of an MTDC system during transient fault to the rotor angle of a synchronous generator. The results show a high rotor angle swing during a transient fault and the effectiveness of fast power system stabilizer connected to the generator automatic voltage regulator in damping the system oscillations. The MTDC link improved the system performance by providing an alternative path of power transfer and quick system recovery during transient fault thus increasing the rate at which the system oscillations were damped out. This shows great improvement compared to when power was being transmitted via AC lines.
Under voltage load shedding for contingency analysis to optimize power loss ...elelijjournal
Power system contingency is a condition of operation which may be caused due to line outage in a system
and could lead to entire system voltage instability. This may further result in voltage collapse leading to total blackout of the system. Therefore, voltage collapse prediction and estimating voltage stability margin
is an important task in power system operation and planning. In this paper Line Stability Index Lij utilizing
the concept of power flow in a single line is adopted to determine the condition of voltage instability. The
purpose of Lij is to determine the point of voltage instability, the weakest bus in the system and the critical
line referred to a bus. Analytical approach based technique for load shedding has been developed as a solution for secured operation of power system under various contingency conditions to optimize the power
flow in order to minimize the system losses within acceptable limit. To validate the effectiveness of the
proposed method simulation has been carried out on IEEE 14 bus system.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
A Review on Power System Voltage Stability and Optimization TechniquesIJERA Editor
Power system voltage stability is a one of the major focused areas in recent days due to mismatch between generation and demand. Maintenance of voltage stability is a challenging issue in planning and security assessment of power systems. Voltage stability is the ability of a power system to maintain steady acceptable voltages at all buses in the power system under normal operating conditions and after being subjected to a disturbance. Long-term voltage instability problems can occur in heavily loaded systems where the electrical distance is large between the generator and the load. Timely application of reactive power compensation or load shedding may prevent this type of voltage instability. System reactive power handling capacity can be improved with Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices. Identification of critical system locations to undertake appropriate remedial measures in operation is the concern. This paper reviews the performance of various types FACTS controllers in power system voltage stability problem and focuses on different optimization methods implemented for optimal placement and sizing of FACTS devices to minimize power losses.
Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systemsijtsrd
Flexible AC Transmission System FACTS refers to a family of power electronics-based devices designed to increase power transfer capability of power transmission system. The main objective of FACTS is to obtain AC systems with a high level of flexibility just as in high-voltage DC systems. FACTS uses power electronics for controlling power flow in a transmission system. This paper provides a brief introduction to FACTS devices or controllers. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Adedamola A. Omotoso | Sarhan M. Musa | Adebowale E. Shadare "Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19063.pdf
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
UPFC in order to Enhance the Power System ReliabilityIJMER
The maintenance and reliability of the power system has become a major aspect of study. The
solution is the use of FACTS devices especially the use of UPFC. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)
is the most widely used FACTS device to control the power flow and to optimize the system stability in the
transmission line. It is used to control the power flow in the transmission systems by controlling the
impedance, voltage magnitude and phase angle. This controller offers advantages in terms of static and
dynamic operation of the power system. The UPFC with its various modes of operation is understood.
Second, the operation of control system used in its converters is also studied. Finally by help of modeling
of a power system in SIMULINK / MATLAB SIMPOWERSYSTEM and by installing single phase UPFC
in transmission link, its use as power flow controller and voltage injection and constructing a lab scale
model of UPFC is discussed also.
Design and Analysis of Adaptive Neural Controller for Voltage Source Converte...IDES Editor
Usually a STATCOM is installed to support power
system networks that have a poor power factor and often poor
voltage regulation. It is based on a power electronics voltagesource
converter. Various PWM techniques make selective
harmonic elimination possible, which effectively control the
harmonic content of voltage source converters. The distribution
systems have to supply unbalanced nonlinear loads transferring
oscillations to the DC-side of the converter in a realistic
operating condition. Thus, additional harmonics are modulated
through the STATCOM at the point of common coupling
(PCC). This requires more attention when switching angles are
calculated offline using the optimal PWM technique. This
paper, therefore, presents the artificial neural network model
for defining the switching criterion of the VSC for the
STATCOM in order to reduce the total harmonic distortion
(THD) of the injected line current at the PCC. The model takes
into the account the dc capacitor effect, effects of other possible
varying parameters such as voltage unbalance as well as
network harmonics. A reference is developed for offline
prediction and then implemented with the help of back
propagation technique.
STATCOM can provide fast and efficient reactive power support to maintain power system voltage stability. In the literature, various STATCOM control methods have been discussed including many applications of proportional-integral (PI) controllers. However, these previous works obtain the PI gains via a trial-and-error approach or extensive studies with a tradeoff of performance and applicability. Hence, control parameters for the optimal performance at a given operating point may not be effective at a different operating point. This paper proposes a new control model based on adaptive PI control, which can self-adjust the control gains during a disturbance such that the performance always matches a desired response, regardless of the change of operating condition. Since the adjustment is autonomous, this gives the plug-and-play capability for STATCOM operation. In the simulation test, the adaptive PI control shows consistent excellence under various operating conditions, such as different initial control gains, different load levels, change of transmission network, consecutive disturbances, and a severe disturbance. In contrast, the conventional STATCOM control with tuned, fixed PI gains usually perform fine in the original system, but may not perform as efficient as the proposed control method when there is a change of system conditions.
Ieee 2014 2015 matlab power system projects titles list globalsoft technologiesIEEEJAVAPROJECTS
To Get any Project for CSE, IT ECE, EEE Contact Me @ 09666155510, 09849539085 or mail us - ieeefinalsemprojects@gmail.com-Visit Our Website: www.globalsofttechnologies.org
Design & Implementation of Controller Based Buck-Boost Converter for Small Wi...iosrjce
This paper propose to design a controller based buck boost converter for the effective utilization of
the wind machine. By implementing a controller based Buck-Boost converter, the voltage produced at the lower
wind speeds can also be utilized effectively by boosting it to the rated charging voltage of the battery. Also if the
wind speed is high, the DC output voltage will increase then the converter bucks this high voltage to the
nominal battery charging voltage (48V), thereby protecting the battery from over charging voltage. Thus the
effective utilization of the wind machine has been achieved by the use of the proposed controller based buck
boost converter.
Investigation of Integrated Rectangular SIW Filter and Rectangular Microstrip...IJASCSE
This paper presents an investigation based on the resonant circuit approach to characterize an integrated microwave filter and antenna from a lumped element prototype. This approach is used to design an integrated filter and antenna to reduce the overall size of the physical dimensions of the RF/microwave front-end subsystem. This study focuses on the integration of a rectangular Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) filter with a rectangular microstrip patch antenna to produce a filtering and radiating element in a single device. The physical layouts of the SIW filter and rectangular microstrip patch antenna based on single- and dual-mode will be developed. To prove the concept, the integrated microwave filter and antenna at a center frequency of 2 GHz is demonstrated and validated through simulation and laboratory experiments. The experimental performance yielded promising results that were in good agreement with the simulated results. This study is beneficial for microwave systems, given that the reduction of the complexity of design and physical dimension as well as cost are important for applications such as base stations and multiplexers in wireless communication systems.
Low-power Innovative techniques for Wearable ComputingOmar Elshal
A presentation i did for the Ubiquitous and Wearable Computing seminar during my senior year in university.
The presentation introduces many research papers on the field then discusses one of them thoroughly.
Centralised hybrid renewable power generation using diso buck boost converter...Naresh K
The DISO-Dual Input Single Output converter combines the two energy sources. The converter is designed considering double input, in which same or different type of two inputs can be used individually or simultaneously.
Pantech provide supports on antenna design projects for final year students.. We guide you to implement both on simulation and hardware design.www.pantech proed.com
Lclr filter design and modelling for harmonic mitigation in interconnected mi...eSAT Journals
Abstract Today many people are attracted towards distribution generation (DG) because of low energy cost power supply, local generation, highly reliable system, supply with good power quality. Increasing attention and investment in renewable energy that is DG energy sources give rise to rapid development of high penetration renewable energy sources like solar energy, wind energy, hydro energy. Out of this most important and best is the solar energy. There are multiple ways to interface PV arrays with the power grid, but in there is problem of power quality. Today’s important concern of the power system is the power quality in case of renewable energy sources. The power quality improvement in the interconnected micro grid systems and grid interconnection with Distribution Generation (DGs) is the challenging task and to overcome the power quality problem passive filters are the best and cost effective solution. In this paper the LCLR filter is implemented between inverter and grid. The complete system consists of photovoltaic cell (PV), DC-DC boost converter, DC-AC inverter, LCLR filter and the grid. This paper also consists of complete MATLAB simulation of PV cell, DC-DC boost converter and inverter with LCLR filter. Key Words: Renewable energy, PV module, DC-DC boost converter, DGs, LCLR filter, power quality, micro grid (MG) and THD
A Voltage Controlled Dstatcom for Power Quality Improvementiosrjce
Due to increasing complexity in the power system, voltage sag is becoming one of the most significant
power quality problems. Voltage sag is a short reduction voltage from nominal voltage, occurs in a short time.
If the voltage sags exceed two to three cycles, then manufacturing systems making use of sensitive electronic
equipments are likely to be affected leading to major problems. It ultimately leads to wastage of resources (both
material and human) as well as financial losses. This is possible only by ensuring that uninterrupted flow of
power is maintained at proper voltage levels. This project tends look at the solving the sag problems by using
custom power devices such as Distribution Static compensator (D-STATCOM).Proposed scheme follows a new
algorithm to generate reference voltage for a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) operating in
voltage-control mode. The proposed scheme ensures that unity power factor (UPF) is achieved at the load
terminal during nominal operation, which is not possible in the traditional method. Also, the compensator
injects lower currents therefore, reduces losses in the feeder and voltage-source inverter. Further, a saving in
the rating of DSTATCOM is achieved which increases its capacity to mitigate voltage sag. Nearly UPF is
maintained, while regulating voltage at the load terminal, during load change. The state-space model of
DSTATCOM is incorporated with the deadbeat predictive controller for fast load voltage regulation during
voltage disturbances. With these features, this scheme allows DSTATCOM to tackle power-quality issues by
providing power factor correction, harmonic elimination, load balancing, and voltage regulation based on the
load requirement.
Droop control method for parallel dc converters used in standalone pv wind po...eSAT Journals
Abstract The rising rate of consumption and price of fossil fuel along with environmental pollution by conventional power generation draw global attention to renewable energy sources and technology. Paper gives analysis study on current sharing issues of parallel DC converters in standalone photovoltaic (PV) WIND system. Solar wind power generating system with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique – incremental conductance method is used for the simulation analysis. The main drawbacks of parallel converters used in system are poor power sharing and voltage drop. The paper describes about instantaneous droop calculation considering effect of cable resistance using droop index to improve the power sharing performance. The control technique is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK in PV- wind power generating system with MPPT and case study has been done on the control strategy and verifies the effectiveness of adaptive droop control on output converter voltage. Key Words: Microgrid; droop method; incremental conductance (Incond); maximum power point tracking (MPPT).
Mitigation of Voltage Sag/Swell with Fuzzy Control Reduced Rating DVRIJERD Editor
Power quality has been an issue that is becoming increasingly pivotal in industrial electricity
consumers point of view in recent times. Modern industries employ Sensitive power electronic equipments,
control devices and non-linear loads as part of automated processes to increase energy efficiency and
productivity. Voltage disturbances are the most common power quality problem due to this the use of a large
numbers of sophisticated and sensitive electronic equipment in industrial systems is increased. This paper
discusses the design and simulation of dynamic voltage restorer for improvement of power quality and
reduce the harmonics distortion of sensitive loads. Power quality problem is occurring at non-standard
voltage, current and frequency. Electronic devices are very sensitive loads. In power system voltage sag,
swell, flicker and harmonics are some of the problem to the sensitive load. The compensation capability
of a DVR depends primarily on the maximum voltage injection ability and the amount of stored
energy available within the restorer. This device is connected in series with the distribution feeder at
medium voltage. A fuzzy logic control is used to produce the gate pulses for control circuit of DVR and the
circuit is simulated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
A New approach for controlling the power flow in a transmission system using ...IJMER
Electrical power systems is a large interconnected network that requires a careful design to maintain the system with continuous power flow operation without any limitation. Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) is an application of a power electronics device to control the power flow and to improve the system stability of a power system. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is a new concept for the compensation and effective power flow control in a transmission system.Through common DC link, any inverters within the UPFC is able to transfer real power to any other and there by facilitate real power transfer among the line. In this paper a test system is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and the results of the network with and without UPFC are compared and when the voltage sag is compensated, reactive power is controlled and transmission line efficiency is improved.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Enhancement of Power Quality by an Application FACTS DevicesIAES-IJPEDS
The paper narrates widespread use of electrical energy by modern civilization has necessitated producing bulk electrical energy economically and efficiently. The Flexible AC Transmission system (FACTS) is a new technology based on power electronics, which offers an opportunity to enhance controllability, stability, and power transfer capability of AC transmission systems. Here SVC has been developed with the combination of TCSC and TCR. The paper contains simulation models of Thyristor controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) and Thyristor controlled Reactor (TCR)- based Static VAR Compensator (SVC) which are the series and shunt Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices. The fact devices are designed by considering the line losses and their stability. The design and simulations of TCSC and TCR-based SVC shows the effectiveness of result using the MATLAB/Simulink. The designed system will try to reduce the voltage drops and electrical losses in the network without the possibility of transient especially in case of long transmission system. Student feedback indicates that this package is user-friendly and considerably effective for students and researchers to study theory of controlled reactor compensators, series capacitor compensator, and the reactive power control and voltage regulation
Impact of hybrid FACTS devices on the stability of the Kenyan power system IJECEIAES
Flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices are deployed for improving power system’s stability either singly or as a combination. This research investigates hybrid FACTS devices and studies their impact on voltage, small-signal and transient stability simultaneously under various system disturbances. The simulations were done using five FACTS devices-static var compensator (SVC), static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), static synchronous series compensators (SSSC), thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) and unified power flow controller (UPFC) in MATLAB’s power system analysis toolbox (PSAT). These five devices were grouped into ten pairs and tested on Kenya’s transmission network under specific contingencies: the loss of a major generating machine and/or transmission line. The UPFC-STATCOM pair performed the best in all the three aspects under study. The settling times were 3 seconds and 3.05 seconds respectively for voltage and rotor angle improvement on the loss of a major generator at normal operation. The same pair gave settling times of 2.11 seconds and 3.12 seconds for voltage and rotor angle stability improvement respectively on the loss of a major transmission line at 140% system loading. From the study, two novel techniques were developed: A performance-based ranking system and classification for FACTS devices.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
An Overview of FACTS Controllers for Power Quality Improvementtheijes
Large penetration of non-conventional sources of energy (such as wind and solar) into the utility grid usually leads to power quality deterioration of the net system due to the intermittency nature associated with such energy sources. Power quality parameters that may likely be disturbed by such interconnection include voltage profile, frequency waveform, power factor, as well as active and reactive power of the power system. However, grid operators and consumers at all level of usage requires a perfectly balanced three phase a.c power of constant frequency and magnitude with smooth sinusoidal wave shape. In order to compensate for such disturbances, Flexible A.C Transmission System (FACTS) controllers were developed. This paper presents a technological review of different types of FACTS controllers and their application for power quality improvement in a grid network composing of conventional and non-conventional energy sources.
Efficacy of Facts in Power Oscillation Damping and Renewable IntegrationIOSRJEEE
This paper discusses about the approach towards effective power oscillation damping, root causes for the genesis of power oscillation and various methodologies adopted to eradicate it.This paper presents an unified approach of FACTS controller installation in order to ensure effective power oscillation damping. The power oscillations, if not controlled within time, may aggravate the entire power system’s functioning and ultimate outcome as blackout. The network congestion has been a matter of serious concern to utility operations due to classical transmission corridors and inadequate controllers’ deployment. The necessity of system regulations demands an adequate controller for matching the power requirement variability and this has been demonstrated with STATCOM control feature. This controller enhances the Available Transfer Capability along with security and reliability. IEEE 14 Bus system is simulated and studied with various scenarios with the help of MATLAB and PSAT to identify various complexities and to resolve these issues so as to enhance the ATC, reliability and security
Stability Improvement in Grid Connected Multi Area System using ANFIS Based S...IJMTST Journal
Generally, the non-conventional energy sources are being extensively used in case of power electronic
converter based distribution systems. This paper mainly focuses on the wind energy system integrating with
grid connected system and also improvement of power quality features. The wind energy power plant is
modelled based on associated equations. For improving this power quality problems, this paper proposes the
concepts of shunt converter controllers. This paper also proposes the concepts of ANFIS based Static
Compensator. And also the results are compared for this cases. Thus with such a control, a balanced load
currents are obtained even in the presence of non-linear load. The experimental setup is done in Matlab and
verified the simulation results
Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavementseSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
investigation. Steel fibers of 1% and polypropylene fibers 0.036% were added individually to the concrete mixture as mono fibers and
then they were added together to form a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
mono fibers. Whereas, hybridization improves split tensile strength and flexural strength noticeably.
Keywords:-Hybridization, mono fibers, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber, Improvement in mechanical properties.
Material management in construction – a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to understand about all the problems occurring in the company because of improper application
of material management. In construction project operation, often there is a project cost variance in terms of the material, equipments,
manpower, subcontractor, overhead cost, and general condition. Material is the main component in construction projects. Therefore,
if the material management is not properly managed it will create a project cost variance. Project cost can be controlled by taking
corrective actions towards the cost variance. Therefore a methodology is used to diagnose and evaluate the procurement process
involved in material management and launch a continuous improvement was developed and applied. A thorough study was carried
out along with study of cases, surveys and interviews to professionals involved in this area. As a result, a methodology for diagnosis
and improvement was proposed and tested in selected projects. The results obtained show that the main problem of procurement is
related to schedule delays and lack of specified quality for the project. To prevent this situation it is often necessary to dedicate
important resources like money, personnel, time, etc. To monitor and control the process. A great potential for improvement was
detected if state of the art technologies such as, electronic mail, electronic data interchange (EDI), and analysis were applied to the
procurement process. These helped to eliminate the root causes for many types of problems that were detected.
Managing drought short term strategies in semi arid regions a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Drought management needs multidisciplinary action. Interdisciplinary efforts among the experts in various fields of the droughts
prone areas are helpful to achieve tangible and permanent solution for this recurring problem. The Gulbarga district having the total
area around 16, 240 sq.km, and accounts 8.45 per cent of the Karnataka state area. The district has been situated with latitude 17º 19'
60" North and longitude of 76 º 49' 60" east. The district is situated entirely on the Deccan plateau positioned at a height of 300 to
750 m above MSL. Sub-tropical, semi-arid type is one among the drought prone districts of Karnataka State. The drought
management is very important for a district like Gulbarga. In this paper various short term strategies are discussed to mitigate the
drought condition in the district.
Keywords: Drought, South-West monsoon, Semi-Arid, Rainfall, Strategies etc.
Life cycle cost analysis of overlay for an urban road in bangaloreeSAT Journals
Abstract
Pavements are subjected to severe condition of stresses and weathering effects from the day they are constructed and opened to traffic
mainly due to its fatigue behavior and environmental effects. Therefore, pavement rehabilitation is one of the most important
components of entire road systems. This paper highlights the design of concrete pavement with added mono fibers like polypropylene,
steel and hybrid fibres for a widened portion of existing concrete pavement and various overlay alternatives for an existing
bituminous pavement in an urban road in Bangalore. Along with this, Life cycle cost analyses at these sections are done by Net
Present Value (NPV) method to identify the most feasible option. The results show that though the initial cost of construction of
concrete overlay is high, over a period of time it prove to be better than the bituminous overlay considering the whole life cycle cost.
The economic analysis also indicates that, out of the three fibre options, hybrid reinforced concrete would be economical without
compromising the performance of the pavement.
Keywords: - Fatigue, Life cycle cost analysis, Net Present Value method, Overlay, Rehabilitation
Laboratory studies of dense bituminous mixes ii with reclaimed asphalt materialseSAT Journals
Abstract
The issue of growing demand on our nation’s roadways over that past couple of decades, decreasing budgetary funds, and the need to
provide a safe, efficient, and cost effective roadway system has led to a dramatic increase in the need to rehabilitate our existing
pavements and the issue of building sustainable road infrastructure in India. With these emergency of the mentioned needs and this
are today’s burning issue and has become the purpose of the study.
In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
mixtures were designed by Marshall Method as per Asphalt institute (MS-II) at 20% and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
RAP material was blended with virgin aggregate such that all specimens tested for the, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II (DBM-II)
gradation as per Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Highways (MoRT&H) and cost analysis were carried out to know the economics.
Laboratory results and analysis showed the use of recycled materials showed significant variability in Marshall Stability, and the
variability increased with the increase in RAP content. The saving can be realized from utilization of recycled materials as per the
methodology, the reduction in the total cost is 19%, 30%, comparing with the virgin mixes.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Marshall Stability, MS-II, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II
Laboratory investigation of expansive soil stabilized with natural inorganic ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Soil stabilization has proven to be one of the oldest techniques to improve the soil properties. Literature review conducted revealed
that uses of natural inorganic stabilizers are found to be one of the best options for soil stabilization. In this regard an attempt has
been made to evaluate the influence of RBI-81 stabilizer on properties of black cotton soil through laboratory investigations. Black
cotton soil with varying percentages of RBI-81 viz., 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 percent were studied for moisture density relationships
and strength behaviour of soils. Also the effect of curing period was evaluated as literature review clearly emphasized the strength
gain of soils stabilized with RBI-81 over a period of time. The results obtained shows that the unconfined compressive strength of
specimens treated with RBI-81 increased approximately by 250% for a curing period of 28 days as compared to virgin soil. Further
the CBR value improved approximately by 400%. The studies indicated an increasing trend for soil strength behaviour with
increasing percentage of RBI-81 suggesting its potential applications in soil stabilization.
Influence of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block masonry p...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Reinforced masonry was developed to exploit the strength potential of masonry and to solve its lack of tensile strength. Experimental
and analytical studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block
masonry prisms under compression and to predict ultimate failure compressive strength. In the numerical program, three dimensional
non-linear finite elements (FE) model based on the micro-modeling approach is developed for both unreinforced and reinforced
masonry prisms using ANSYS (14.5). The proposed FE model uses multi-linear stress-strain relationships to model the non-linear
behavior of hollow concrete block, mortar, and grout. Willam-Warnke’s five parameter failure theory has been adopted to model the
failure of masonry materials. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results indicates that the FE models can successfully
capture the highly nonlinear behavior of the physical specimens and accurately predict their strength and failure mechanisms.
Keywords: Structural masonry, Hollow concrete block prism, grout, Compression failure, Finite element method,
Numerical modeling.
Influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with chemical stabilizereSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in traffic along with heavier magnitude of wheel loads cause rapid deterioration in pavements. There is a need to improve
density, strength of soil subgrade and other pavement layers. In this study an attempt is made to improve the properties of locally
available loamy soil using twin approaches viz., i) increasing the compaction of soil and ii) treating the soil with chemical stabilizer.
Laboratory studies are carried out on both untreated and treated soil samples compacted by different compaction efforts. Studies
show that increase in compaction effort results in increase in density of soil. However in soil treated with chemical stabilizer, rate of
increase in density is not significant. The soil treated with chemical stabilizer exhibits improvement in both strength and performance
properties.
Keywords: compaction, density, subgradestabilization, resilient modulus
Geographical information system (gis) for water resources managementeSAT Journals
Abstract
Water resources projects are inherited with overlapping and at times conflicting objectives. These projects are often of varied sizes
ranging from major projects with command areas of millions of hectares to very small projects implemented at the local level. Thus,
in all these projects there is seldom proper coordination which is essential for ensuring collective sustainability.
Integrated watershed development and management is the accepted answer but in turn requires a comprehensive framework that can
enable planning process involving all the stakeholders at different levels and scales is compulsory. Such a unified hydrological
framework is essential to evaluate the cause and effect of all the proposed actions within the drainage basins.
The present paper describes a hydrological framework developed in the form of a Hydrologic Information System (HIS) which is
intended to meet the specific information needs of the various line departments of a typical State connected with water related aspects.
The HIS consist of a hydrologic information database coupled with tools for collating primary and secondary data and tools for
analyzing and visualizing the data and information. The HIS also incorporates hydrological model base for indirect assessment of
various entities of water balance in space and time. The framework would be maintained and updated to reflect fully the most
accurate ground truth data and the infrastructure requirements for planning and management.
Keywords: Hydrological Information System (HIS); WebGIS; Data Model; Web Mapping Services
Forest type mapping of bidar forest division, karnataka using geoinformatics ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The study demonstrate the potentiality of satellite remote sensing technique for the generation of baseline information on forest types
including tree plantation details in Bidar forest division, Karnataka covering an area of 5814.60Sq.Kms. The Total Area of Bidar
forest division is 5814Sq.Kms analysis of the satellite data in the study area reveals that about 84% of the total area is Covered by
crop land, 1.778% of the area is covered by dry deciduous forest, 1.38 % of mixed plantation, which is very threatening to the
environmental stability of the forest, future plantation site has been mapped. With the use of latest Geo-informatics technology proper
and exact condition of the trees can be observed and necessary precautions can be taken for future plantation works in an appropriate
manner
Keywords:-RS, GIS, GPS, Forest Type, Tree Plantation
Factors influencing compressive strength of geopolymer concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
To study effects of several factors on the properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete on the compressive strength and also the
cost comparison with the normal concrete. The test variables were molarities of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) 8M,14M and 16M, ratio of
NaOH to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5, alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio 0.35 and 0.40 and replacement of water in
Na2SiO3 solution by 10%, 20% and 30% were used in the present study. The test results indicated that the highest compressive
strength 54 MPa was observed for 16M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 2.5 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35. Lowest
compressive strength of 27 MPa was observed for 8M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 is 1 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of
0.40. Alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35, water replacement of 10% and 30% for 8 and 16 molarity of NaOH and has resulted in
compressive strength of 36 MPa and 20 MPa respectively. Superplasticiser dosage of 2 % by weight of fly ash has given higher
strength in all cases.
Keywords: compressive strength, alkaline liquid, fly ash
Experimental investigation on circular hollow steel columns in filled with li...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Composite Circular hollow Steel tubes with and without GFRP infill for three different grades of Light weight concrete are tested for
ultimate load capacity and axial shortening , under Cyclic loading. Steel tubes are compared for different lengths, cross sections and
thickness. Specimens were tested separately after adopting Taguchi’s L9 (Latin Squares) Orthogonal array in order to save the initial
experimental cost on number of specimens and experimental duration. Analysis was carried out using ANN (Artificial Neural
Network) technique with the assistance of Mini Tab- a statistical soft tool. Comparison for predicted, experimental & ANN output is
obtained from linear regression plots. From this research study, it can be concluded that *Cross sectional area of steel tube has most
significant effect on ultimate load carrying capacity, *as length of steel tube increased- load carrying capacity decreased & *ANN
modeling predicted acceptable results. Thus ANN tool can be utilized for predicting ultimate load carrying capacity for composite
columns.
Keywords: Light weight concrete, GFRP, Artificial Neural Network, Linear Regression, Back propagation, orthogonal
Array, Latin Squares
Experimental behavior of circular hsscfrc filled steel tubular columns under ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents an outlook on experimental behavior and a comparison with predicted formula on the behaviour of circular
concentrically loaded self-consolidating fibre reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns (HSSCFRC). Forty-five specimens were
tested. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) percentage of fiber (2) tube diameter or width to wall thickness ratio (D/t
from 15 to 25) (3) L/d ratio from 2.97 to 7.04 the results from these predictions were compared with the experimental data. The
experimental results) were also validated in this study.
Keywords: Self-compacting concrete; Concrete-filled steel tube; axial load behavior; Ultimate capacity.
Evaluation of punching shear in flat slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Flat-slab construction has been widely used in construction today because of many advantages that it offers. The basic philosophy in
the design of flat slab is to consider only gravity forces; this method ignores the effect of punching shear due to unbalanced moments
at the slab column junction which is critical. An attempt has been made to generate generalized design sheets which accounts both
punching shear due to gravity loads and unbalanced moments for cases (a) interior column; (b) edge column (bending perpendicular
to shorter edge); (c) edge column (bending parallel to shorter edge); (d) corner column. These design sheets are prepared as per
codal provisions of IS 456-2000. These design sheets will be helpful in calculating the shear reinforcement to be provided at the
critical section which is ignored in many design offices. Apart from its usefulness in evaluating punching shear and the necessary
shear reinforcement, the design sheets developed will enable the designer to fix the depth of flat slab during the initial phase of the
design.
Keywords: Flat slabs, punching shear, unbalanced moment.
Evaluation of performance of intake tower dam for recent earthquake in indiaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Intake towers are typically tall, hollow, reinforced concrete structures and form entrance to reservoir outlet works. A parametric
study on dynamic behavior of circular cylindrical towers can be carried out to study the effect of depth of submergence, wall thickness
and slenderness ratio, and also effect on tower considering dynamic analysis for time history function of different soil condition and
by Goyal and Chopra accounting interaction effects of added hydrodynamic mass of surrounding and inside water in intake tower of
dam
Key words: Hydrodynamic mass, Depth of submergence, Reservoir, Time history analysis,
Evaluation of operational efficiency of urban road network using travel time ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Efficiency of the road network system is analyzed by travel time reliability measures. The study overlooks on an important measure of
travel time reliability and prioritizing Tiruchirappalli road network. Traffic volume and travel time were collected using license plate
matching method. Travel time measures were estimated from average travel time and 95th travel time. Effect of non-motorized vehicle
on efficiency of road system was evaluated. Relation between buffer time index and traffic volume was created. Travel time model has
been developed and travel time measure was validated. Then service quality of road sections in network were graded based on
travel time reliability measures.
Keywords: Buffer Time Index (BTI); Average Travel Time (ATT); Travel Time Reliability (TTR); Buffer Time (BT).
Estimation of surface runoff in nallur amanikere watershed using scs cn methodeSAT Journals
Abstract
The development of watershed aims at productive utilization of all the available natural resources in the entire area extending from
ridge line to stream outlet. The per capita availability of land for cultivation has been decreasing over the years. Therefore, water and
the related land resources must be developed, utilized and managed in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Remote sensing and
GIS techniques are being increasingly used for planning, management and development of natural resources. The study area, Nallur
Amanikere watershed geographically lies between 110 38’ and 110 52’ N latitude and 760 30’ and 760 50’ E longitude with an area of
415.68 Sq. km. The thematic layers such as land use/land cover and soil maps were derived from remotely sensed data and overlayed
through ArcGIS software to assign the curve number on polygon wise. The daily rainfall data of six rain gauge stations in and around
the watershed (2001-2011) was used to estimate the daily runoff from the watershed using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number
(SCS-CN) method. The runoff estimated from the SCS-CN model was then used to know the variation of runoff potential with different
land use/land cover and with different soil conditions.
Keywords: Watershed, Nallur watershed, Surface runoff, Rainfall-Runoff, SCS-CN, Remote Sensing, GIS.
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract
Land and water are the two vital natural resources, the optimal management of these resources with minimum adverse environmental
impact are essential not only for sustainable development but also for human survival. Satellite remote sensing with geographic
information system has a pragmatic approach to map and generate spatial input layers of predicting response behavior and yield of
watershed. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of the catchment at the
watershed level by drawing the inferences from moprhometric analysis and runoff. The study area chosen for the present study is
Yagachi catchment situated in Chickamaglur and Hassan district lies geographically at a longitude 75⁰52’08.77”E and
13⁰10’50.77”N latitude. It covers an area of 559.493 Sq.km. Morphometric analysis is carried out to estimate morphometric
parameters at Micro-watershed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment at the Micro-watershed level. Daily runoff
is estimated using USDA SCS curve number model for a period of 10 years from 2001 to 2010. The rainfall runoff relationship of the
study shows there is a positive correlation.
Keywords: morphometric analysis, runoff, remote sensing and GIS, SCS - method
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Effect of variation of plastic hinge length on the results of non linear anal...eSAT Journals
Abstract The nonlinear Static procedure also well known as pushover analysis is method where in monotonically increasing loads are applied to the structure till the structure is unable to resist any further load. It is a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. In literature lot of research has been carried out on conventional pushover analysis and after knowing deficiency efforts have been made to improve it. But actual test results to verify the analytically obtained pushover results are rarely available. It has been found that some amount of variation is always expected to exist in seismic demand prediction of pushover analysis. Initial study is carried out by considering user defined hinge properties and default hinge length. Attempt is being made to assess the variation of pushover analysis results by considering user defined hinge properties and various hinge length formulations available in literature and results compared with experimentally obtained results based on test carried out on a G+2 storied RCC framed structure. For the present study two geometric models viz bare frame and rigid frame model is considered and it is found that the results of pushover analysis are very sensitive to geometric model and hinge length adopted. Keywords: Pushover analysis, Base shear, Displacement, hinge length, moment curvature analysis
Effect of use of recycled materials on indirect tensile strength of asphalt c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Depletion of natural resources and aggregate quarries for the road construction is a serious problem to procure materials. Hence
recycling or reuse of material is beneficial. On emphasizing development in sustainable construction in the present era, recycling of
asphalt pavements is one of the effective and proven rehabilitation processes. For the laboratory investigations reclaimed asphalt
pavement (RAP) from NH-4 and crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB-55) was used. Foundry waste was used as a replacement to
conventional filler. Laboratory tests were conducted on asphalt concrete mixes with 30, 40, 50, and 60 percent replacement with RAP.
These test results were compared with conventional mixes and asphalt concrete mixes with complete binder extracted RAP
aggregates. Mix design was carried out by Marshall Method. The Marshall Tests indicated highest stability values for asphalt
concrete (AC) mixes with 60% RAP. The optimum binder content (OBC) decreased with increased in RAP in AC mixes. The Indirect
Tensile Strength (ITS) for AC mixes with RAP also was found to be higher when compared to conventional AC mixes at 300C.
Keywords: Reclaimed asphalt pavement, Foundry waste, Recycling, Marshall Stability, Indirect tensile strength.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
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Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
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The family offers a choice of engines
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Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Swing, voltage stability and power transfer capability in transmission system with upfc
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SWING, VOLTAGE STABILITY AND POWER TRANSFER CAPABILITY
IN TRANSMISSION SYSTEM WITH UPFC: THE ART OF STATUS
Rishi Kumar Singh1
, N.P. Patidar2
1
Assistant Professor, EED, MANIT, Bhopal, M.P., India
2
Associate Professor, MANIT, Bhopal, M.P., India
Abstract
In modern era, the increasing size of the power system, to maximize the use of existing systems and to provide adequate voltage
support is an emphasis on finding solutions. This flexibility is needed electricity. Better placed than the Flexible AC Transmission
Systems (FACTS) to control the flow of electricity, and to provide voltage support can be effective in turn resulting in less damage.
The impact of these tools on line flow and bus voltage profile at random algorithm to determine the optimal number of ratings have
been studied by keeping them better .
The FACTS devices are expensive cause of that FACTS type, number and location of the FACTS devices is very important, for decide
the optimal location and parameters of FACTS devices. FACTS are used in the following purposes: Transmission pricing issues by
maximizing social welfare with or without consideration of FACTS’ costs; Better utilization of FACT by maximizing FACTS devices
total transferred power; Reactive power or voltage control by minimizing transmission losses, or voltage fluctuation. Increase
system’s security under emergency by minimizing transmission lines loadability.
Power flow control, a current long transmission line, plays an important role within the energy system. The letter swings, long-
distance transmission line voltage and power flow control in unified power flow controller (UPFC) based compensation associated
series or shunt FACTS devices are employed. Devices such as the proposed transmission line, between the end of the sending and
receiving end to the transmission line is used in places as different. Here also deals with determining the optimum placement of
Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) damping out swings, voltage and improves power transfer devices for a long transmission
line. Here the concept of compensation mid-point of facts is presented for optimal placement.
Keywords: Stability, first swings, rotor angle, power transfer, Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), Unified Power
Flow Controller (UPFC), reactive power.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) has received
much attention in the past two decades. It‟s a transmission
system voltage, power flow, stability control, etc. uses high-
current power electronic devices. Some forms of FACTS
devices and others are still under development, prototype
installation [ 3 ] are already available for FACTS devices such
as series, shunt or as a combination of series and shunt
transmission line can be connected in various ways. For
example, the static VAR compensator ( SVC ) and static
synchronous compensator (STATCOM) are connected in
shunt static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) and
thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) are connected in
series, thyristor -controlled phase (TCPST transformer
transfer ) and unified power flow controller (UPFC) are
connected with a series and FACTS devices IEEE article [ 4 ]
are described. Permit limits if the same degree of thermal
stability [5-8] facts maintaining equipment, a line of very
effective and are able to increase the power transfer capability.
This paper is the ability to transfer power line is connected to
shunt FACTS device models to consider when examining the
effect of stability on the real line. Transmission is often an
option for modern generation and transmission capacity and
reduces the need for generation resources means. Costs as
well as difficulties encountered during the construction of new
transmission lines, limit the transfer of power available. In
many cases, economic power or transmission capacity is
constrained by splitting reserved. Flexible AC Transmission
Systems (FACTS) technology to control power flow and
existing transmission lines to increase usable capacity opens
up new opportunities.
There is a big mess, upset this balance and other machines [3]
in relation to the ' swinging ' is starting. Here transient stability
of a short circuit on a transmission line as a serious
disturbance, subject to the ability of the power system to
maintain synchronism [5 ] . UPFC series and shunt system in
combination of the system are connected to the FACTS of the
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family members and the voltage swing and stability [6] are
very effective in improving.
At the mid-point along the transmission line [7] sited the shunt
FACTS devices give the maximum benefit from the support
that has seen steady voltage. Evidence of an increase in the
maximum power transfer capacity transmission lines to reduce
resistance and capacitance, which is a reasonable assumption,
neglects the line is based on a simple model. The first swing
stability of the system is affected by the choice of different
models of the transmission line that has been observed [10].
This paper studies a swing and line voltage stability of the
actual (true) to model the facts in the different positions of a
long transmission line (UPFC) device allows comparing the
distinct results found. The real power flow model for precise
line with a predefined direction, toward the end of the sending
device, a fact that needs to be located slightly off-center is
shown.
In this work, UPFC phasor model of the mid-point of a two-
zone system is used to check spots. In computer simulation,
short circuit is a serious disturbance condition ( ie, a three-
phase fault) under the simulation. Compare these results with
the power transfer capability and voltage swing FACTS
devices in improving stability reflects the impact of the mid-
point location.
2. POWER TRANSFER CAPABILITY AND
SYSTEM STABILITY
2.1 Definition of Stability for a System
Let the equilibrium state of the system, the occurrence of a
disturbance and the system still is able to achieve a state of
balance it is considered stable. The system also in the
proximity of the initial equilibrium point if converges to an
equilibrium position is considered stable. Physical condition
of the system with respect to time that something like this is
different physiological variables increases, the system [11] is
considered unstable.
Therefore, the system machines in synchronism with each
other, the forces tending to hold off an upset when enough is
said to be stable. The most worrisome feature of the system
and the stability of power system behavior after a disturbance.
2.2 Need for Power System Stability
Electrical systems are constantly changing industry, where
there is a field. Power industry to lower prices and better
power efficiency are restructuring to meet more users. As
they are interconnected power systems are becoming more
complex. Load demand increases linearly with the increase in
users. Transfer capability limit of stability within the system
since the event, due to economic reasons, need to ensure
power system stability and reliability.
Different types of rotor angle stability of power system
stability, frequency stability and voltage stability [11] have
been classified as. Fig-1 power system stability [1] shows the
classification.
Power system
stability
Rotor angle
stability
Frrequency
stability
Voltage
stability
Transient
stability
Small distuebance
angle stability
Short Term
Long
Term
Short
Term
Large distuebance
voltage stability
Small distuebance
voltage stability
Long
Term
Short
Term
Fig-1: Classification of power system stability
2.3 Stable First Swing
Power outages rise against the catastrophic economic
operation system during the inter-relations, and strategic
coverage and improved reliability are becoming more
complex. Transmission network reinforcement and to avoid
environmental objections include the capital costs are now
under more stress than ever before.
These trends need to operate close to the stability limit is a
system, and disturbances of the system is more vulnerable
electrical fast transient and dynamic stability problems. Utility
companies operating security limit the risk of engineers to
perform off-line transient stability simulation face a huge
number. These limits again for on-line dynamic security
monitoring control center are used throughout the energy
management system.
Definition: An electric system with a peak value from the
start of the severely disturbed machines (SDM) increases ( or
decreases ) the inertia (COI) reference frame later point in the
centre angle reaches the first is said to be the stable swing
angle begins to return to stable equilibrium point [13].
Extreme angle of the SDMS, and therefore, zero speed, the
first swing stability guarantees the existence of the system.
On the other hand, the system is the system increases (or
decreases) at least one of the machines and ultimately, the
fault angle monotonically (CO1 reference frame over 1800) is
infinitely variable is considered first swing.
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First swing stability of the machine sees the transformation of
machine speed and power at the wrong time can be checked
quickly in the countryside. Its lightning fast speed and
acceleration are still negative, while a stationary machine
during the peak angle fault (or zero speed) reaches:
ω = 0
Pa <0
Serious conditions after a machine zero speed and power fault
simultaneous occurrence up to the period are characterized by:
ω = 0
Pa = 0
The above criteria have a tendency to run out of moves by
acceleration that is valid for a machine that can be mentioned
here. For a decelerating machine, stationary above criteria and
criteria for critical situations by comparing the left-hand side
of the equation to be modified by adding a negative signal are
rejected from the machine zero speeds as the fast power index
can be considered as the degree of stability of the machine.
Similarly, by comparing the criteria for volatile and critical
situations, no high degree of fluctuation in the power of
machine to machine speed can be considered as an index. The
stability/instability of the machine after a fault during the
determination of the degree and speed of the machine are
required to accelerate powers [13-15].
2.4 First Swing Stability
Power system fault (short circuit), causing rapid changes in
the position of power. Revenge electrical power from the
generator, power flow and load changes affect demand.
Unstable
Stable
0
100
200
-100
-200
0 1 2 3 4 765
Time (sec)
RotorAngle(deg)
8
Fig-2: Rotor angle swings
Generator shaft through the fault before the fault will receive
approximately the same mechanical input. The mechanical
input and rest of system in relation to each individual rotor
speed up or slow down, the power, the power imbalance
between the causes. Individual rate of change of power
deviation and rotor inertia is determined by each generator.
Differences in the power system will increase the angle of the
rotor angle cannot be huge difference. Therefore, when the
fault is cleared (after 0.1) as the generator power system has
fallen out of step, grid node voltage will be zero in some parts
of the grid the generator started to works as Motors.
Sufficiently small-angle deviation between the generator
rotors will be restored; since we need first swing damping of
oscillations [13, 14].
2.5 Rotor Angle Stability (Electrical Oscillation)
Sudden changes in the power system with different
timeframes are associated with a number of events. In the
first-phase electrical, properties are adjusted very quickly to
the new situation. The share of electricity generation varies
between different generators and also in load demand causes
changes. Accordingly, changes in power flow through the
grid. In the second phase of mechanical and electrical
generator producing an input unbalance between mechanical
generators are due to a change of pace. Individual rate of
change in speed deviation and rotor inertia is decided by force.
Generators with different rates of speed, turning the rotor
angle of each generator will start to deviate from the pre-
disturbance value. It is a generator for electricity to the grid
due to the imbalance that causes a change in the flow. In
Phase, III safety and control come into play. If any defects are
cut - usually a short time delay (the problems associated with
high currents break) after. Separation causes a transient fault.
Steady-state conditions for regaining control grid are trying to
restore. They said they are controlled with different speeds
depending on the function. We then return to equilibrium
between consumption and output voltage of the voltage
regulators, and governor's turbine generator tries to restore the
mechanical input adjusted. These variations are oscillatory in
nature and very lightly damped [13-15].
The rotor angle oscillations can arise in the grid without any
apparent reason. Weak transmission lines, fast and powerful
voltage regulators and other types of control power flow in the
grid oscillations can stand high above. Generators located
close to each other, and the system is very low frequency
(below 0.1-0.2 Hz) with an oscillating machine to another can
end up with groups. Many generator tie lines then move into
another group can become a heavy load. As soon as possible,
it is important to damp these oscillations. They are
mechanical wear in power plants; power quality problems
(flicker, etc.) may be due to causes. Further disturbances
occur; the system is even more vulnerable. It can be identified
in two main ways.
2.6 Concepts Transmission Transfer Capability
Transmission transfer capability is the key basic concepts
described below. NERC many other conditions relating to the
transfer capability of the transmission transfer capability in
May 1995 is explored in detail in the reference document.
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That document concepts and terminology, an open- air
environment [16] still apply.
2.6.1 Transfer Capacity
The units of transfer capability are in terms of power, typically
megawatts (MW) expressed. In this context, “area " One
power system, power pool, control area, sub- area, or NERC
region, or any of them be a part of transfer capacity is
directional in nature. The Area B to Area A and A Area to
Area B generally [16, 17] is not equal to the transfer
capability, the ability to transfer from the region.
3. FACTS DEVICES INTO A POWER SYSTEM
FACTS controllers, gate turn-off capability with a gate turn-
off thyristor devices or electrical equipment can be based.
FACTS controllers, high-voltage AC transmission lines,
voltage, impedance and phase angles are used for dynamic
control. Two areas under study used the following facts in the
power system controllers are discussed briefly the basic
principles [1-4].
3.1 Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)
A shunt UPFC controller (STATCOM) and as shown in the
figure below, a common DC bus through a series of the
interconnected controller (SSSC) is a combination of uses.
Vd
c
VSC 1 VSC 2
V'
V'' V'''- Vu +
I
Iu
Transmission
line
XTPQ
V"
V'''
V'
I
Vu
Fig-3: Single -line diagram of a UPFC and phasor diagrams
of Voltages and currents
P =
V" V′" sin δ
XT
; Q =
V" (V" − V"′ cos δ)
XT
As Φ is different, the two-line voltage, V” and V”‟ also vary
between the phase shift δ ends. Both the active power P and
reactive power Q [17, 2] can be controlled at the end of a line
that is transmitted.
In addition to allowing control of active and reactive power
line, UPFC provides an additional degree of freedom. As
STATCOM converter operating in a shunt, reactive power
absorbed or generated by the voltage V1 controls.
Series and shunt converters connected on the secondary side
of a coupling transformer Voltage Sourced Converter (VSC)
use. VSCs a voltage from a DC voltage source to synthesize
forced commutated power electronic devices (GTOs, IGBTs
or IGCTs) use. VSCs common capacitor connected on the DC
side acts as a DC voltage source. Two VSCs VSC
technologies can be used for:
GTO based square wave inverters and special interconnection
transformers using VSC. Typically, four three- level inverter
to produce a 48- step voltage waveform is used. Special
interconnection transformers contained in square waves
generated by an individual inverter is used to neutralize the
harmonics. In this type of VSC, VDC voltage is proportional
to the voltage fundamental component. The Committee
injection voltage is varied to control.
VSC using IGBT -based PWM inverters. Some of this type of
inverter kHz with a typical chopping frequency to synthesize a
sinusoidal wave with a dc voltage pulse width modulation
(PWM) technique uses. Harmonics VSC cancels them by
connecting the AC filters are in favor. This type of VSC uses
a fixed DC voltage Vdc. Modulation index is varied by
changing the voltage of the PWM modulator. UPFC (phasor
type) block model, an IGBT based UPFC. Details of the
inverter and harmonics are not represented; however, also a
GTO based on transient stability studies UPFC [2, 17] can be
used to model.
4. LOCATION OF SHUNT FACTS DEVICES IN
TWO-AREA POWER SYSTEM
Previous works on the subject sited at the mid-point of the
transmission line when the constant voltage shunt devices
supporting facts prove that the maximum benefit. Evidence of
increased stability and maximum power transfer capability of
the line model is based on a simplified version of neglecting
line resistance and capacitance. Based on the simple model of
a transmission line or the center line between facts combined
shunt -series has proven to be the optimal location in the
equipment. Line is the actual model, the fact that the highest
possible return device [3] should be placed slightly off-center
to get that is found.
Sitting mid-point of reactive power control is most effective.
Transmission line transient stability and thermal limits must
be operating below the threshold. Increase STATCOM first
swing stability analysis [5] SVC is better than the shows.
Siddhartha Panda, Ram Narayan N. Patel [ 10] placed at the
mid-point of a long transmission line, the shunt Flexible AC
Transmission Systems (FACTS ) devices investigated
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regarding, for power networks play an important role in
controlling reactive power flow and both voltage fluctuations
and transient stability within the system. This paper
predefined direction of real power flow in a long transmission
line to improve transient stability is also related to the
placement of a shunt FACTS device. It is placed slightly off-
center toward the sending end when the FACTS devices,
delivering better performance in improving transient stability
and space that has been seen.
5. CONCLUSIONS
This work deals with the application of UPFC. Model swing,
voltage stability analyses are applied, and cover a wide range
of power transfer capability. In this work, the effects of UPFC
in the power transmission path are analyzed, and the
conclusion can be given by analysis of performance.
The study is divided into different sections for clarity. First,
the optimal location of shunt FACTS devices or low- voltage
mid- point location that is just a given operating condition was
determined. Unlike previous works in this area, we have a
long line affects the optimal position, which is the actual line
model. The next section discusses how the flow line, keeping
the UPFC impact test system performance with four
generators. Static and dynamic changes throughout the
examination system while the generator loading, flow
separation line, swings and tests have been studying the
effects of system voltage stability.
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[1] P. Kundur, Power System Stability and Control,
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[12] Y.H. Song and A.T. Johns, “Flexible ac transmission
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[14] Anuradha S. Deshpande, Kadam Paresh A., Rana Vikas
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[15] M.H. Haque, “Damping improvement using facts
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[16] North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC)
report „Available Transfer Capability Definitions and
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[17] http//www.ieeexplore.com, www.mathwork.com,
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