The document provides an overview of sustainable rural development in India. It discusses the current state of rural India, highlighting issues like poverty, lack of access to electricity and clean cooking fuels. It outlines the need for sustainable rural development to reduce inequalities and boost economic growth. Government targets for rural development are also presented, including providing livelihood opportunities, guaranteeing wage employment, and improving rural infrastructure. Key government programs and policies aimed at sustainable rural development like MNREGA, SGSY, and PMGSY are described, along with some of the challenges faced in their implementation. Sustainable agriculture techniques, corporate social responsibility initiatives, and best practices from companies like BPCL, Maruti Suzuki, and GSK are also summarized.

1. Business and Sustainable Development
Sustainable Rural
Development in India
Presented By:
Pramit Agrawal
Priti Vandana
Priyank Deshmukh
Pulkit Bohra
Pulkit Mathur
Rahul Gupta
Randeep Brar
Ranjith

2. Agenda
• Rural Development in India: Current State
• Need for Sustainable Rural Development
• Government targets for Rural Development
• What Missions are running o Effect the Sustainable Rural
Development
• Success Of these Missions
• What more Can Be Done

3. Rural development in India
India – A country of Villages
• India is a country of villages and about 50% of the villages have very poor
socio-economic conditions. Since the dawn of independence, concerted
efforts have been made to ameliorate the living standard of rural masses. So,
rural development is an integrated concept of growth and poverty elimination
and has been of paramount concern in all the consequent five year plans.

4. Current State of Rural India
• 60% of rural population (~ 400 million) in India live in primitive conditions.
No electricity and primitive cooking stoves. Around 300,000 deaths/year
take place because of pollution from these stoves.
• Around 260 million people (1/4thof our population) live on less than
INR50/day.
• Because of rural poverty large scale migration to cities takes place leading
to serious urban problems.
• Poverty in rural areas has resulted in suicides of a large number of farmers.
In last 10 years about 150,000 farmers have committed suicide. Poor
support price, increased input costs and aspirations.
• „ Serious energy crisis in India. In rural areas 250 kWh/year per capita
electricity consumption. This is 2% of that in US and lowest in the world.

5. Need for Sustainable Rural Development
Rising inequality a matter of concern
Average Monthly Consumption Expenditure and Total Consumption Demand All India
MPCE Classes
Poorest Second Third Fourth Richest
Overall
20% 20% 20% 20% 20 %
Avg. monthly real per capita
consumption 83 112 138 173 297 161
exp. in 2004-05 (Rs.)
Avg. monthly real per capita
83 117 145 183 320 169
consumption exp.2009-10 (Rs.)
Change in Avg. Consumption (%) 0 4.5 5.1 5.8 7.7 5
Source: Assocham report_ Rural Development in
India_Jan 2012 Increased inequalities between the richest
and the poorest
Despite high enrolment numbers in schools, quality of education is not
proper in rural India
 96.7% of all 6-14 year olds in rural India are enrolled in school
 Attendance in primary schools has dropped from 73.4% in 2007 to 70.9% in 2011
 More than 50% students in the fifth grade can’t read at second grade level
Source: Annual Status Of Education Report 2011

6. Need for Sustainable Rural Development
Rising inequality a matter of concern
The Level of Inequality Across States: Gini Coefficient
State 2004-05 2009-10 Change (%)
J&K 15.02 22.38 7.37
MP (incl Chhattisgarh) 29.71 34.66 4.96
Bihar (incl jkhand) 24.31 29.2 4.9
Assam 18.66 21.97 3.31
Tamil 24.37 26.47 2.1
Punjab 19.05 20.88 1.83
Gujarat 22.12 23.92 1.8
HP 20.06 21.49 1.43
Kerala 21.19 22.38 1.19
UP (incl Uttarakhand) 24.64 25.26 0.62
Karnataka 26.42 26.13 -0.29
NE 19.1 18.76 -0.34
AP 25.81 25.22 -0.59
Rajasthan 20.73 19.11 -1.61
UTs 21.57 19.71 -1.86
West Bengal 24.84 22.5 -2.34
Haryana 22.54 20.18 -2.36
Maharashtra 27.5 23.65 -3.85
Orissa 36.88 31.13 -5.75
All India 26.4 27.4 1
Source: Assocham report_ Rural Development in India_Jan 2012

7. Need for Sustainable Rural Development
Rising inequality a matter of concern
Threat to Political Stability
• High inequality threatens a country’s political stability because more people
are dissatisfied with their economic status, which makes it harder to reach
political consensus among population groups with higher and lower
incomes. Political instability increases the risks of investing in a country and
so significantly undermines its development potential.
Limited use of Market Instruments
• High inequality limits the use of important market instruments such as
changes in prices and fines. For example, higher rates for electricity and hot
water might promote energy efficiency, but in the face of serious inequality,
governments introducing even slightly higher rates risk causing extreme
deprivation among the poorest citizens.

8. Need for Sustainable Rural Development
Rising inequality a matter of concern
Lack of Trust and Commitment
• High inequality may discourage certain basic norms of behavior among
economic agents (individuals or enterprises) such as trust and commitment.
Higher business risks and higher costs of contract enforcement.
Decreasing income inequality in countries help accelerate
economic and human development

9. Government Targets for Rural Development
• Providing livelihood opportunities to those in need including women and
other vulnerable sections and food security to rural Below Poverty Line
(BPL) households.
• Providing for the enhancement of livelihood security of households in
rural areas by providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage
employment in every financial year to every household.
• Providing basic housing and homestead to BPL households in rural areas.
• Provision of all-weather rural connectivity to unconnected rural
habitations and upgradation of existing roads to enable them to market
access.
• Capacity development and training of rural development functionaries
• Providing social assistance to the elderly, widow and disabled persons.

10. Emerging Issues In Rural Development
o The Paradox
The majority of the poor still live in rural areas, and support for
agricultural and other rural development has slumped.
o A diminishing urban-rural divide
Rural and urban livelihoods are inter-dependent. Rural
development strategies must take account of the urban links and
context.
o Diversified livelihoods
Support to the non-farm rural economy and to migration are as
important as agricultural support.

11. o Small-holder farming in less-favoured areas faces new challenges
Targeted assistance is needed where small-scale farming can be
competitive.
o Reverse state compression:
A strong state is needed to underpin the market and enable private
sector development. Public interventions are needed to increase access
to new opportunities (agricultural or non-farm) specifically by the poor,
and to establish the institutional framework for effective market
development.
o Technological targeting:
Technical change is biased against the poor. Policies to target
technologies need to be location specific.
o Rethinking institutional capacity and governance:
Many recommended measures for rural development cannot be
effective without significant capacity building and institutional support.
In some areas, decentralisation should be promoted to reinforce
positive trends for increased accountability.

12. Challenges Faced by Policies &
Implemented By Government
MNREGA
• Almost everyone wants more work form the scheme and better facilities at the
work place
• There is enough evidence of fudging and mismanagement of records.
• Large number of works relating to water conservation has been taken up.
• Minimum wages are still not paid in many states. Most of the states continue to
pay wages based on old irrigation department norms
• Delays in wage payments go against the Act but there is evidence of such delay
already and needs to be done away with
• The implementation of the Act has now thrown up issues of leakage and
corruption and this need to be plugged by making the implementation truly
decentralized and based on self selection by wage earners

13. SGRY
 Lack of Awareness about the Scheme Guidelines
 Construction of Community Assets Instead of Individual Asset
 Lack of Monitoring
 Lack of Reporting of the Performance of Individual Beneficiary
Programs
 Improper Selection of Assets/Works
In Andhra Pradesh, India
• Political Interference , district authorities are not able to implement
the program as per guidelines
• Nellore district SGRY not implemented for the year2002-03
• Implementing authorities are not aware about the guidelines

14. PMGSY
• Even after five years since the ambitious Pradhan Mantri Gram
Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)was launched in December 2000, the
achievement has been only 24 per cent of the target of
connecting 1,41,085habitations.
• Shortcomings in planning, fund mobilization, ineffective monitoring
and operational deficiencies
• The program suffered from drawbacks like unrealistic estimation
and inadequate mobilization of funds

15. Techniques & Practices
Sustainable agriculture technique
• Sustainable agriculture is the ecosystem approach to
agriculture
• In this technique, farmers are advised to use animal and
farm wastage as a manure in their fields.
• Uses of biogas plants for domestic uses
• This techniques helps in checking soil erosion, pesticide-
free food and air pollution, which is caused by using open
chullahs.
• By using waste of crops reduced nutrients values of lands
are retained.

16. Programs and Policies
Bharat Nirman
This policy covers the infrastructure part of rural
development.
• Water supply: - It provides safe drinking water to all 2.16
lakh villagers and promote conjunctive use water
• Provides housing to homeless poor peoples.
• Electricity: -To provide housing to 1.25 lakh individuals.
• To provide all weather roads for better connectivity.
• To cover 40% rural with telecommunication services.

17. Swarana Jayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojna
• It covers all aspects of self employment such as help
groups, training, credit, technology and infrastructure.
• Government subsidy allocated for SGSY per individual is 30% of
the total capital investment if the total investment is less than Rs.
7,500 and 50% of the investment for SC/STs if the investment is
less than Rs.10,000

18. MGNREGA
• This scheme provides legal guarantee for 100 days
employment in a financial year to a adult of any rural
household.
• Minimum wage is
Rs 120.
• Aim was to improve
purchasing power of
rural peoples.

19. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojna
• This scheme helps rural growth in providing better
connectivity with cities and among villages.
• It also upgrade the existing roads
District Rural Development Authority
• These are district level agencies through which some funds
are routed for rural development.
• These are extremely important at district level to facilitate
funding at district level.

20. Corporate–To–Social Activity
• Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) have been becoming an important
activity to businesses nationally and internationally.
• Corporate Social Responsibility is the continuing commitment by business to
behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving
the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local
community and society at large.
• CSR Programs could range from overall development of a community to
supporting specific causes like education, environment, healthcare etc.
• CSR Programs could range from overall development of a community to
supporting specific causes like education, environment, healthcare etc.
• Many CSR initiatives are executed by corporates in partnership with Non-
governmental organizations (NGOs) who are well versed in working with the
local communities and are experts in tackling specific social problems.

21. BPCL CSR Activity
• As a corporate responsibility, BPCL has today adopted 37
villages across India. This adoption included, making substantial
investments for nearly a decade and a half in them to make
them fully self reliant, providing them fresh drinking water,
sanitation facilities, medical facilities, enhancing their income
standards by imparting vocational training and agricultural
innovations.
• BPCL also firmly believes that the only vehicle for raising the
villagers from their present state is by educating the young and
the old, a focus on providing grants for opening schools and
opening adult literacy camps as well.

22. Adoption of Villages
North
• Babukheda, Chawri, Bhogalpura
(UP)
• Nangalgovind (Raj)
• Basantgarh (Har)
West
• Majhipal, Pedawada, Neelgarh East
(MP)
• Jahazpur, Ramthenga (Orissa)
• Kaprada, Khara Bairaja (Guj))
• Karjat, Washala , Mahul, • Mankara, Uttargoalpara(WB)
Kasabkhede, Pohi (Maha)
South
• Kurichi (Mailaduthurai)
• Srinivasapura/Munneswara
(Kar)
• Pinapaka (AP)
• Kadambankulam (T Nadu)

23. Major Activities
• Entrepreneur
development program • Agri and farm based support
• Construction of • Animal driven flour mill
infrastructure • Non electric irrigation
system
• Education support
• Medical assistance
• Community library
• Veterinary
• Adult literacy • Installation of Solar lights
assistance
• Vocational training • Awareness on
• Ayurvedic Health
center environment
• Awareness on HIV/
AIDS

24. Maruti Suzuki CSR Activity
• Community Development:
Company adopted four villages around the Manesar manufacturing
facility for overall development the well-being of people living in
these villages.
• Education:
School students are given exposure to the company's manufacturing
facilities by organizing plant visits. Career guidance is part of the
factory visit program. Besides, the company runs two schools in
Gurgaon area in collaboration with the DPS society. These schools
cater to the educational needs of the children of MSIL employees and
the people living in the local communities of Gurgaon

25. • Health Care:
The areas of focus include Health Care, Education,
Employability and Infrastructure. Free health camps, Eye
check-up Camp are organized regularly in these villages
• Vocational Training:
Unemployed educated youth are identified from these
villages and given vocational training at ITI Gurgaon (Being
upgraded by Maruti Suzuki) and Maruti Driving School,
Gurgaon. The company also facilitates their employment.
• Infrastructure:
The company has improved infrastructure of a
Government Senior Secondary School, Kasan in 2008-09, by
constructing toilets, pavements and erecting drinking water
supply system.

26. GlaxoSmithKline CSR Activity
Tribal welfare projects in Peth Taluka, Nashik, Maharashtra:
• GSK India undertakes a number of Rural Development initiatives through its trust
GRAMIN AAROGYA VIKAS SANSTHA (GAVS).
• Tribal population in India is over 84 million. They constitute roughly 8 percent of
India's population. Most tribe community are concentrated in heavily forested areas
that combine inaccessibility with limited political or economic significance. Health
has been the major factor considered for the community.
• GAVS contributed to development of health care centers, formal education system,
connectivity by means of road and transportation.
• GAVS collected primary data from 92 villages in Peth Tehsil / Block near Nashik in
the year 2005. Peth is the smallest Tehsil / Block in the district; it occupies 3.63% of
the district. The tribal population in Nashik falls amongst the 10% of the total Tribal
population (7.4 million) in the state of Maharashtra to identify underserved village
communities
• Project laid emphasis on health seeking behavior in the areas of Tobacco de-
addiction, Nutrition, common illnesses with a special emphasis on different types of
fevers and diseases of joints, HIV/AIDS infections, skin diseases, Tuberculosis, water-
borne diseases and Respiratory Tract Infections, etc.

27. Yuva Parivartan
GSK Livelihood Training Centres: Peth Taluka,
Nashik, Maharashtra
• The project is undertaken with a long term objective of
imparting specialized skills and making the unemployed youths
more employable / self-reliant. Training are provided in the areas
of computer literacy, tailoring, beauty, wireman/ electrician,
agriculture productivity, motor training, nursing assistance, etc.
Nearly 2500 youths have been trained and a number of them are
currently gainfully employed

28. OTHER INITIATIVES
• Hindustan Unilever Limited also adopted villages where they
focus on holistic development. They provide better medical
and sanitation facilities, build schools and houses, and help
the villagers become self-reliant by teaching them vocational
and business skills.
• SAP India in partnership with Hope Foundation, an NGO that
works for the betterment of the poor and the needy
throughout India, has been working on short and long term
rebuilding initiatives for the tsunami victims. Together, they
also started The SAP Labs Center of HOPE in Bangalore, a
home for street children.

29. References
• Ministry of Rural Development, India
• Rural Development in India: State Level Experiences, The Associated
Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India
• Sustainable Rural Development, Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute

30. Thank You for your Time and Attention