The document discusses the importance of planning for sustainable village development in India, emphasizing the need for improved infrastructure, education, healthcare, and livelihoods in rural areas to address issues of poverty and urban migration. It highlights the demographic trends showing significant rural population, the contributions of agriculture to GDP, and the challenges faced by rural communities. The document advocates for strategic planning and local governance through the Panchayati Raj system to foster inclusive development and ensure a balanced urban-rural growth.

1. PLANNING FOR
SUSTAINABLE
VILLAGE
DEVELOPMENT
• Jit Kumar Gupta
•Chairman, Chandigarh Chapter
•Indian Green Building Council, IGBC
Jit.kumar1944@gmail.com
Mob- 90410-26414

3. Hierarchy of Human Settlements

4. Defining - Village
 Word Village-- Derived from French term referring to;
 -- a group of buildings.
 —a small community .
 -- a clustered human settlement/community-
 - larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town
 --population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand.
 -- permanent, with fixed dwellings
 -located fairly close to one another,
 -- not scattered broadly over landscape,
 -community that practice agriculture
 where homes are situated together
 -- for sociability/ defence,
 -- land surrounding living quarters used for farming
 Great Britain -- a hamlet called village-- when it built a church

6. Population Scenario- India-2011
 Population of India reached
 250 million in 1919
 500 million in 1966 (47 yrs. Later)
 1000 million in 2000 ( 34 yrs. Later)
 1027 million in 2001 (1yr Later)
 1210 million in 2011 (10 yrs. Later)
 2020– Indian Population -1380 M (35% )- 483 million_
 2050- Indian population- 1600 mil. -- 50% in Urban India.
 Metropolitan Centers -5 (1951)- -53 (2011)-68(2031)
 10 m plus- nil (1951)- 3 (2011) -7 (2031)-9 (2051
 Urban India --first time added more persons(91m) than Rural India
(90m) in last decade
 During last 100 years, India witnessed—
- -Urbanization level going up by 3 times
- --Urban settlements growing merely 4 times
- --Total Population multiplying 5 times
- -Urban population increasing 15 times and
- -Rural population increasing 3.5 times
 Increased population requires
 -- More housing, More educational/ healthcare/ institutions
 --More commercial space
 -- ,More transportation
 – More infrastructure – more Resources

7. Population Distribution- India-2011
Urban Pop. Distribution(2011)377 m (31.1 %)-
7935 towns/cities
-Mega Cities with Pop > 10m - 4% of total pop
- Cities with Population 5-10m- 3%
- Cities with Population 1-5m- 6%
- Cities with Population 0.1-1m- 9%
- Cities with Population < 0.1 m- 9%
** Rural Pop Distribution(2011) 833 m ( 68.9%) -------
6,40, 867 villages ( Inhabited -5,99,608)
 236,004 Indian villages have a population < 500,
 while 4,681 villages have a population of 10,000
---- Very large (>10k), large villages(>5k)-17%( 23.54%)
-- Medium villages (2-5 k)— 24%( 34.63%)
--- Small villages (1-2000) — 17% (23.70%)
------Hamlets (500-1000) — 8% (12.39%)
---- Small Hamlets(<500)— -- 3% ( 5.74 %)
 2 out of 3 Indian lives in villages.
 Every 6th Indian lives in large villages
 6 out of 10 ruralites live in large and medium villages.
 Globally, Every Ninth person lives in Indian Villages

8. Rural India-
Role and
importance

9. Rural India- Role and Importance
 “India lives in villages” -words of Mahatma
Gandhi many decades ago
 .Even after 90 years - data does not seem to
disagree
 House majority of Indian population -69% --
roughly one-eleventh of humanity
 almost 73% households-- still in rural areas
 Despite decline - villages to hold large population-
more than 50% by 2050
 India- second largest urban/rural system globally
after China- with 6.4 lakh Villages Vs 0.08 lakh
towns/cities
 Villages critical to India’s growth
 Provider of food;- daily/basic needs of human
living

10. Rural India--Contributions of Agriculture to GDP
 Agriculture contributes 14 % of India’s GDP,
 main source of income for 69 % of rural
population
 Agriculture - strongly influences
 -- food security
 --prices of food
 -- monetary wages.
 -- rural income & demand
 --supply of raw materials to several industrial
sectors
 Year-to-year --agricultural growth declining,
 – low irrigated land /more rainfed land.
 1% decline in agricultural growth-- pulls back
industrial/ GDP growth by 0.52

11. Rural India-
Problems

12. Urban Vs Rural
 India Vs Bharat debate is not new.
 Urban –Rural divide debated for years
 Little progress--in bridging gap over last seven
decades
 Gap widening - when looking at;
 --physical,
 --socio-economic,
 --healthcare,
 --education indicators
 No city exists in isolation
 - invariably supported by large number of villages
 -- for sustaining urban activities/population
 --for meeting daily needs
 Cities/villages cannot be seen in isolation
 - two sides of same coin

13. Large Population

14. Declining share in GDP
 Rural India contribution of agriculture to GDP reduced from
51.88% in 1950 to 13.94% in 2013.
 --almost 69 % of population lives in rural areas
 50% labour force still dependant on agriculture,
 --Situation -- definitely not sustainable

15. Livelihood & Employment
 Almost three fourths of rural households—
 -- live with a monthly income of less than Rs 5000.
 -- More than half rural households-- do not own land
 - more than half of them casual labour..
 source--Socio- Economic and Caste Census


16. Poverty Estimates
 Though poverty reducing over time,
 -- poverty reduction in urban areas higher than rural
areas.
 -- nearly 26% of rural India is poor, compared to a
meagre 13.7% in urban areas.

17. Low level of Literacy

18. Low Literacy Levels
 Rural literacy rate lower than urban literacy rate
 Large gender disparity -- urban female literacy rate is
almost higher by 20% than the rural female.

19. Net Attendance –Rural Vs Urban- Low
 Net attendance --insight into education dynamics of India.
 rate of fall of net attendance -from primary to secondary much
steeper in rural areas.
 Reasons- lack of family commitment, migration, climate
induced disasters, famine and poverty.

20. Health Indicators- Poor Health
 Health said to be wealth of a society--best indicators of
well-being of population and human resources
development.
 Rural India lags behind Urban India in all the
indicators; Infant Mortality

21. Access to basic services- Poor

22. Problems- water

23. POOR QUALITY HOUSING

24. Unorganized Marketing

25. Problems- Rural India
 Large population base -69%
 High degree of Poverty ( Majority of rural India lives on Rs 35 per day)
 Lack of sanitation - adverse impact on health;
 Low level of literacy-- Low level of gainful employment
 Low level of skill
 Low land man ratio-2.4 Vs 17.7;
 Inadequate level of basic infrastructure /services /amenities- water supply,
sanitation, drainage, power, SWM
 Agriculture largely rainfed--Low level of irrigation facilities
 Poor quality of Housing- Katcha, temporary
 Haphazard and unplanned development
 Low level of Healthcare & Educational facilities
 Poor quality of living environment
 Poor accessibility to urban markets
 Low order of rural industries
 High degree of indebtedness
 High water pollution-
 Loss of soil /desertification-- due to erosion, Overgrazing / deforestation
 - Large number of Villages -Prone to Natural Hazards

26. Options for making
Rural India- livable,
sustainable, green,
inclusive and safe

27. Planning Villages
-Need
-MORD
-Objectives
-SWOT Analysis

28. Ministry of Rural Development-
GOI
 Organization-- two departments
 Department of Rural Development
 Department of Land Resource.
 Vision--sustainable / inclusive growth of
rural India through a multipronged strategy
for;
 -- eradicating poverty ;
 --increasing livelihoods opportunities
 ,-- providing social safety net
 -- developing infrastructure for growth.
 --improving quality of life -
 --correcting developmental imbalances,
 --reaching most disadvantaged

29. Ministry of Rural Development
 7 Major programs operated by Ministry in rural areas;
i. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee
for providing wage employment,
ii. National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) for self
skill development,
iii.Housing for All : Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana -
providing housing to BPL households,
iv.Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) for
quality roads,
v. National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) for social
vi.Shyama Prasad Mukherjee RURBAN Mission,- for
development of villages
vii.Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP)
the productivity of land.
 Scheme for capacity development of rural
Education and Communication; and Monitoring and
Evaluation.

30. Need for Village Planning
 Villages Critical for scripting growth/ development of
India
 In the words of Mahatma Gandhi- father of nation-
‘ India lives in villages
. -India will prosper if villages prosper,
--if villages perish India will perish too”
 Former President- Dr Kalam- gave the concept of
 PURA- ( Providing Urban Amenities in Rural areas)--
--villages to usher new era of India regeneration
 Making India vibrant -Physically, socially,
environmentally /economically
 Villages would need;
 -- planned development/ management;
 --basic amenities/ services essential for human living
 - adequate opportunities of gainful employment
 -- assured quality of life

31. Ministry of Rural Development
 Budget
 Budget outlay of Rs. 86000 crore -- provided
Financial Year 2016-17. additional of Rs. 9000
later making provision to Rs. 95000 crores.
 Budget outlay of Rs. 105447.88 crores allocated
Year 2017-18 and
 Budget outlay of Rs. 112403.92 crores allocated
Year 2018-19 and
 Budget outlay of Rs. 117647.19 crores allocated
Year 2019-20. and
 Budget outlay of Rs. 120147.19 crores allocated
Financial Year 2021-22.

32. Need for Village Planning
Villages have great potential for ;
 -providing simple/healthy/cost-effective living
 Leveraging national Economy
 Providing gainful employment to more than 2/3rd work
force
 Eradicating poverty- 365 million
 Providing quality of life to majority of Indians
 Minimizing migration-- to urban areas
 Controlling -unregulated population growth in urban
areas
 Minimizing slums/houselessness -- in urban sector
 Ensuring-- housing for all
 Promoting-- planned development in India
 Taking care of majority of urban ills - having genesis in
neglect of rural neglect

33. Village Planning- Objectives
Village Planning to revolve around/aim at--:Empowerment, enablement,
accountability of Panchayati Raj Institutions – for inclusive
development with social justice,/ efficient delivery of service
 Promoting-- holistic development of Villages
 Preventing -- distress migration from Rural areas to urban areas--
 Guaranteeing -- a decent standard of living.
 Providing -- basic amenities/facilities
 Making village “hub”- to attract resources for development
 Providing easier, faster/ cheaper-- access to urban markets-
 Offering Remunerative price of agricultural produce/ commodities
 Making villages self- sufficient-- in day- to- day needs
 Economic empowerment- sharing of resources
 Social empowerment -- engaging all sections of community in the task
of village development.
 Creating sustainability- a culture of cooperative living for
 inclusive & rapid development.
 Improving Village environment/ Ecology
 Promoting Planned Development
 Making Village self-reliant -- energy/ resources
 Promoting integrated urban –rural growth

34. SWOT - Analysis

35. Opportunities
Weakness
 Rich natural resources
 Good Natural attributes
 Cultural strength
 Provider of food/basic human needs
 Provider of raw material for industries
 Large population base
 Sustainer of economy
 Considerable contribution to GDP
 Small community
 Lack of infrastructure/services
 Poor accessibility/Areas of neglect
 Low land holding/ high social divide
 Lower order of literacy/ low level of skill
 Poor educational /healthcare facilities
 High dependence on agriculture
 -outdated agricultural practices
 Poor housing/ Poor quality of life
 Poor capacity to plan/ develop
 Poor financial health/low wages
 High degree of poverty/unemployment
Strength
For making agriculture more productive
Skilling India, Promoting higher growth
rate-- making India economically vibrant
•Eradicating poverty
•Providing gainful employment for all
•Promoting economical/cost-effective
development
• Improving connectivity between urban /
rural areas-synergizing urban-rural growth
• Making growth of urban Centers rational
• Promoting operational efficiency of
urban /rural settlements
Threats--Neglect of rural areas will
lead to---Chaos, unemployment, poverty,
poor health, lower quality of life,
development paralysis, haphazard
/unplanned urban development, large
scale migration, neglect of agriculture,
food scarcity, food insecurity decline of
industrial productivity, loss of large rural
market, Rapid growth of slums

36. Options for making
Rural India- Vibrant—
Promoting
- 73rd CAA, 1992
Regional Planning
-District Planning
-Metropolitan Area Planning
-Aspirational Districts
-Ru-Urban Mission

37. 73rd
Constitutional
Amendment
Act, 1992-Rural

38. 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992-Rural
The Panchayati raj system is a ;
--3-tier system with
-- elected bodies at --village -taluk/ block- district
levels.
--System based on ;
--traditional {Panchayati raj. Panchayat governance}
for
-- Decentralisation/empowering local institutions
-- with a degree of local autonomy.
-- larger people participation at local level
-- more effective implementation of rural development
programs.
73RD amendment calls for- having a duly elected -
- gram panchayat -- for each village or group of
villages,
-- Block level council—Block Samiti and
-- Zilla Parisahd ---at the district level.

39. PANCHAYATI Raj system in india- Features
--Gram Sabha or village assembly ---as foundation of Panchayati Raj
System.
--73rd Amendment empowered Gram Sabhas to conduct social audits in
addition to its other functions
-- All seats in a Panchayat at every level are to be filled by elections .
--Not less than one-third of total seats--- for membership / chairpersons--
reserved for women.
--- Reservation for weaker caste --(SCs and ST– based on proportion of
their population
---- a State Election Commission --To supervise, direct / control--
elections to Panchayats-
--Constitution of a State Finance Commission in every State/UT, for every
five years--- to suggest measures to strengthen finances of panchayati raj
institutions.
-- To promote bottom-up-planning-- the District Planning Committee (DPC)
in every district– accorded constitutional status.
-- 29 fuctions given in Eleventh Schedule of Constitution- for
Panchayats
-- Panchayats to play an effective role in planning/ implementation of
works related them

40. ELEVNTH SCHEDULE
1. Agriculture, including agricultural extension.
2. Land improvement, implementation of land reforms, land consolidation
3. Minor irrigation, water management and watershed development
4. Animal husbandry, dairying and poultry.
5. Fisheries 6. Social forestry and farm forestry
7. Minor forest produce.
8. Small scale industries, including food processing industries
9. Khadi, village and cottage industries. 10. Rural housing.
11. Drinking water 12. Fuel and fodder.
13. Roads, culverts, bridges, ferries, waterways/other means of communication
14. Rural electrification
15- Education including primary and secondary schools
16 Non- conventional sources of energy 17. Technical Training and vocational
education 18. Public distribution system
19. Adult and non-formal education. 20 Maintenance of public assets
21. Cultural activities 22. Markets and fairs
23. Health and sanitation, including hospitals, primary health centers and
dispensaries 24. Family welfare. 25. Women and child development.
26. Social welfare, including welfare of the handicapped and mentally retarded.
27. Welfare of the weaker section
28 Public distribution system
29. Poverty Alleviation programmes

41. Regional Planning
Globally--Most progressive countries/states/ cities
- adopted Regional perspective for :
---Integrating urban and rural settlements
--for Minimizing migration
--Making urban development-- more rational / sustainable
--Promoting co-operation & collaboration; between urban-rural areas
- Minimizing local competition /conflicts,
- Infrastructure optimization between neighboring cities/rural
settlements,
-- Preventing disasters,
-- Promoting / protecting regional ecology / bio-diversity,
-- Providing recreational activities
-- Overcoming confusion over role / responsibilities of various agencies.
-- Achieving integration and decentralized planning--
• Regional Planning optimizes Regional resources
by--
-- promoting synergies between rural & urban areas
-- connecting villages/cities through a well defined settlement hierarchy
-- using developmental potential of each settlement
-- making them sustainable

42. Regional Planning- National Capital
Region
.

43. District Planning&
Metropolitan
Planning, Planning
for Aspirational
Districts

44. District Planning - DPC
• 73rd/74th CAA,1992- Landmark legislation- Rural/Urban
Empowerment- promoting Decentralization- Setting of
DPC/MAPC
•District Planning vital for growth of Rural India
•- creating synergies between villages/ cities at district level
•Committee for District planning
•- consisting of elected representatives
•- taking District as Regional Planning Unit
-- consolidating plans of Panchayats/ Municipalities
-- prepare draft development plan for district as a whole.
- Villages lack manpower/knowledge/ resources to prepare
village development plans
-DPC has no manpower for planning at distinct level
-- DPC needs strengthening/empowerment
-- Besides preparing Draft District Development Plan ;
-Should also be involved in implementation
-District Town Planning office to provide assistance/ support

45. Metropolitan Planning- MPC
243ZE. Metropolitan Planning Committee -constituted for
Metro Area
– to prepare Draft development plan for Metropolitan area –
- ------------Consolidating both rural- urban settlements
(a) Metropolitan Planning Committees consists of:
-- not less than two-thirds of members elected
from Municipalities/ Chairpersons of Panchayats in
Metropolitan area--
-(d) functions relating to planning / coordination
--- MPC has no manpower for planning at Metropolitan level
-- MPC -- needs strengthening/ empowerment
-- prepares only Draft Metropolitan Development Plan
-- to be actively involved in finalization/ implementation of
MPC
-- Conflict between District Planning & Metro Planning need
Resolution

46. Development of Aspirational Districts-
options
 117 out of 742 districts—identified as Aspirational district by NITI
Aayog—640(2001) & 593(1991)
 -- based upon indicators from—
 Health & Nutrition, Education, ;Agriculture & Water Resources,
Financial Inclusion/Skill Development/ Basic Infrastructure --having
impact on Human development Index.
 India -need adopt a policy of Ruralization rather than
Urbanization
 Treating backward districts
 -- not a physical problem but human problem
 -people suffering for centuries
 -- due to exclusion , poverty, acute deficiency of basic
amenities/ neglect
 States to rationalize structure, plan, develop and
manage backward districts
 -- based on a detailed study and analysis

48. Development of Aspirational Districts-
options
 Implementing on priority- provisions of District
Planning / Metropolitan Planning ,envisioned in - 73rd
and 74th Constitutional Amendment Act , 1992
 - promoting rational /economical development of
districts.
 --Making Districts planning/ development Unit for;
-- equitable distribution of resources
-- integrated development of urban / rural areas ,
-- removing disconnect between urban/ rural
settlements
- Promoting-- integrated development
--Rationalising Distribution-- of population
--Rational Distribution --of economic activities/
industry
- -- Sharing -- of infrastructure/services
- -- Economizing on development

49. PROMOTING
RU-URBAN
MISSION

50. Ru-urban mission- Genesis
 Large number of rural settlements exist in India as--Part
of a cluster of settlements
 --relatively proximate to each other.
 -- illustrate potential for growth,
 have economic drivers/locational / competitive
advantages.
 -- making them into clusters-- 'Rurban'.
 Government of India, proposed -- Shyama Prasad
Mukherji Rurban Mission (SPMRM) aimed at;
 -- developing rural areas–
 --providing economic social /physical infrastructure
facilities.
 -- development of 300 Rurban clusters,-- in next five years.
 -- clusters strengthened with --amenities/ resources
 -- mobilized through convergence of schemes of

51. Ru-urban mission- Vision
 National Rurban Mission (NRuM)
follows vision of;
 -- "Development of a cluster of villages
 -- that preserve and nurture
 -- essence of rural community life
 -- with focus on equity and
inclusiveness
 -- without compromising with facilities
 -- perceived essentially urban in nature,
 -- creating a cluster of "Rurban Villages

52. Ru-urban Mission's- OBJECTIVES/Outco
 Objective of National Rurban Mission
(NRuM) to;
 -- stimulate local economic development
 -- enhance basic services, and
 -- create well planned Rurban clusters
 -- Bridging rural-urban divide--- economic,
technological, facilities / services.
 -- Stimulating local economic
development focussing on reduction of
poverty / unemployment
 -- Spreading development in region.
 --- Attracting investment in rural areas.

53. Ru-urban Cluster
 A ‘Ru-urban cluster', would be -- a cluster of
--geographically contiguous villages with;
 -population of 25000 to 50000 in plain/coastal
areas and
 -- 5000 to 15000 in desert, hilly/ tribal areas.
 --Clusters – to follow administrative
convergence units of Gram Panchayats
 --within a single block/ tehsil-- for
administrative convenience.
 -- formed by identifying geographically
contiguous villages/gram panchayats
 --within a radius of 5–10 km
 -- around identified growth centre

54. RU-URBAN MISSION- COMPONENTS
 Skill Development --training Linked to Economic
Activities
 Agri- Services and Processing Support-- to
Agriculture /Allied Activity
 Digital Literacy --(access to digital resources for all
citizens
 24 x 7 Piped-- Water Supply
 Sanitation
 Solid waste / liquid management / Vermi compost Pit
 Metalling Village Streets with Drains
 Creating Fully equipped Mobile Health Unit
 Up- gradation of primary/secondary /higher
secondary schools
 Promoting Inter- village roads connectivity/ Public
transport
 Creating Citizen Service Centres- for electronic

55. Methodology for
Village Planning

56. Key Elements of Model Village Plannin

57. Village Plan should essentially focus on:
-- Promoting planned development-- based on local climate/culture
-- Making Village– self- sufficient in basic needs of human living
--Providing- appropriate quality of life
-- Creating opportunities- for gainful employment/economic growth
-- Promoting community living / co-operative /community farming
-- Providing housing for all –adequately lighted/ventilated
--Providing clean water, sanitation, drainage, solid waste management
--accessibility through Metalled approach roads/ internal stree
-- creating common spaces- & Community buildings -- healthcare/
education , janjghar, Panchayat ghar etc- creating self-sufficiency in
Energy
--Providing E- Sampark kendra, vocational /learning centre
--Creating Space for village/cottage /agro based industries, shops etc for
day to day needs/agro products/dairy farming
--Adopting self help approach/Creating self-help Groups- using local
resources
-- creating - open spaces/parks/water bodies- Using low lying areas
--Using green energy from solar/gobar for promoting clean environment,
water /energy self-sufficiency
– Asset maintenance / management, environment/soil management

58. -Methodology for village planning
-- different in approach/ intent /contents- to urban planning.
-Village planning based on;
-Empowering people, communities / local institutions
--based on local initiative consultative/ participatory
mechanism
-- using simple/direct technique,
-- involving all stakeholders.
-- making - time bound, quick/simple decisions/actions
i. Holding Exploratory meeting with Panchayat for:
-- briefing about project ,
-- Defining aim & objectives /scope,
-- making value addition to village,
-- planning & development, --processes / methodology to be
followed -- for implementation and
--consent for going ahead with project.

59. Methodology for village Planning
Ii. Approval from Panchayat
Iii. Calling meeting of Gram Sabha involving all residents
for:
-- explaining the project,
-- its benefits,
-- understanding the problems,
--identifying needs and priorities
--understanding their vision,
-- promoting participatory mechanism,
-- sourcing suggestions and
obtaining approval of the residents.
- role of residents,
iv. Creating a Think Tank comprising --elders, NGO,
Panchayat for aiding/advising about plan preparation and
implementation.
---Carrying out a SWOT Analysis

60. V Carrying out a;
-- socio-economic, demographic survey
-- asking for priorities of development/infrastructure .
VI Creating a physical map of the village defining --
-- location/conditions of houses
-- community buildings,
-- public buildings
-- Mapping services--sewerage, roads,
--- sanitation/ storm/waste water drainage, network
-- street lights(if any) etc
vii. Preparing inventory of:
-- problems,
--deficiency in infrastructure,
---amenities,
-- additional facilities needed etc
viii. Making projections/forecast for next 5 years for
population, housing and other infrastructure, services etc

61. x Preparing Draft Development Plan of Village based
on:
-- studies made
-- analysis carried out,
--vision and priorities defined ,
-- problems identified,
--Understanding needs/ requirements of village
-projections made for -- development / amenities /
services
--rough estimates / cost of development.
x. Sharing Draft Development Plan with:
-- Think Tank and
-- Panchayat
-- for approval in principal
for placing before Gram Sabha.

62. •xii. Development works to comprise --
*Water Supply
*Sewerage
* Streets
*Drainage
* Street Lighting
Toilets in houses/ community latrines
* Water Bodies
*Afforestation, Landscaping of open spaces--Plantation of Trees
*Construction of Panchayat Ghar / Community Centre
*Providing dispensary for Residents/ animals
*School &Library
* Creating Vocational Centre/ Anganwari/ adult education centre
*Krishi Vigyan Kendra – -for sale of essential agricultural inputs, seeds,
--latest information about prices/marketing options of agricultural
produce,
--new options for crop/agriculture diversification, weather forecast and
--innovations in agriculture,
* Co-operative Banking &
E-Samparak Kendra

63. XIV Village development Plan shall essentially be taken up as a joint
venture of all :
-- stakeholders involving residents,
-- Panchayat,/ Panchayat officials
--Think Tank,
-- NGOs,
--state/ local rural development agencies
--corporate agencies etc
-- for formulation / implementation of Plan --Plan is reviewed
periodically to meet emerging village demand
XV Methodology for Financing
Funding of development works to be through:
--Funds made available by state
- Income of Panchayat from its own resources
-- Grant- in- aid by state,
--funds made available by Panchayat , MPLAD/MLA
-- funds available under different state/ local level rural development schemes,
-- contribution by villagers ,
- Funds from Self- Help Groups
-- Individual Donations/contributions
-- international agencies – Funding viability gap

64. Strategy for Different Villages
 However, different planning, development strategies
would be required for planning differently situated
Villages
 Urban Villages- made integral part of urban planning
and development strategies with well defined planning
norms/standards- creating tourism potential. Part of
funds generated from urban development used for urban
villages
 Urbanisable Villages- Villages provided with all urban
facilities for easier future integration with urban areas-
through well defined norms/ planned development-
supported by the concerned urban centre
 Rural Villages—To be retained as natural villages with
basic amenities/infrastructure/ employment through --
producing day to day goods needed for urban living-
vegetables, dairy products, fruits/ vegetables etc- self-
contained villages
 Villages falling in hill areas and plains/desert/coastal

67. Greening
Rural
development
in India

68. Promoting Climate resilience of
communities:
 . Greening rural development schemes through --Afforestation,
plantations, fodder development and vegetation belts in coastal
areas help--
 -- promote resilience of rural population/ production systems,
 -- reduce risks from climatic variations/ droughts, floods/ cyclones.
 -- build livelihood resilience
 -- improve local communities’ coping capacity;
 -- reduce potential impacts of climate change.
 -- increase biodiversity
 -- make local ecosystems more resilient.
 -- enhance resilience in flood-prone areas.
 : Large scale Forestry helps in ;
 soil conservation ;
 afforestation,
 -- minimising carbon
 -- reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
 -- Helping national / global efforts to address climate change

69. Greening Rural Development in India
Greening does more than just
improve the environment—it
contributes to better economic
growth
Greening rural development --will
lead to five broad green outcomes:
• inclusive growth
• Improved natural resource
conservation,
• increased efficiency of resource
use,
• reduced negative environmental
impacts,
• strengthened climate resilience of
communities and
• contribution to climate change
mitigation.

70. Greening rural development -- will contribute to---
inclusive local growth by:
• Improving agricultural productivity
through increased yield response to
fertilizers and water availability for
irrigation
• increasing incomes for the rural poor
through green value-chains and markets
• increasing returns on investment
through improved ecosystem services in
aquaculture, fisheries and infrastructure
in flood prone regions
• Reducing economic costs from natural
disasters by strengthening local resilience
• increasing private investment in clean
technology and green resources
Greening will provide new
business opportunities for rural
entrepreneurs

71. • Conserving water quality
and quantity through
increased water use
efficiency in agriculture,
construction and drinking water
and by reducing the pollutant load
in sanitation waste
• improving vegetative cover
and biodiversity
• reducing soil erosion and
increasing soil carbon
Greening will help to conserve
groundwater in hard-rock
regions, which occupy 70% of
India’s landmass
Greening rural development will improve---
environmental sustainability --in three ways by:

72. Preserve /Develop Water Bodies

73. • Reducing the impact of drought through
water harvesting, resilient cropping and
secure drinking water and fodder supply
• Reducing the impact of floods through
better drainage, resilient cropping and
flood resilient systems for drinking water
and sanitation services
• Reducing the disease burden
through safe disposal of sanitation waste
and water contaminants, cleaner habitats
and less use of chemical fertilizers
• Conserving biodiversity and
protecting sustenance resources for
the rural poor, including health and shelter
inputs and productive resources including
fibres, dyes, oils and resins
Greening will significantly
reduce cattle and
agricultural losses from
drought and flooding
Greening rural development to make--
Communities more resilient --to natural disasters
in four ways by:

74. Greening rural development –make public
expenditure more effective over the medium term
in five ways by:
• Making assets created through public
expenditure more durable
• Reducing outlays on schemes aimed at
poverty reduction through better
livelihoods for the poor and better food
and nutrition security
• Reducing the need to reinvest in water
provision in ‘slipped back’ habitations
• Reducing expenditure on relief and
recovery in disaster prone communities
• Reducing need for subsidies on fossil
fuels because of improved energy use
in housing, roads, water supply and on
fertilizers because of improved soil
fertility and increased use of non-
chemical fertilizers
Greening is likely to have a
positive impact on public
expenditure over the medium-
term

75. Greening Indira Awas Yojna -will increase resource
use efficiency / reduce negative environmental impact and
will help to:
 increase resource use-
efficiency in housing
construction through better use
of building materials, water, energy
 increase environment
sustainability--through increased
use of renewable building materials
including bamboo and wooden
structures
 Reduce negative
consequences through less use
of water and energy in housing
construction

76. SUCCESS
STORIES

77. Village Dharnai –Bihar- Solar Power
Once struggling to get basic electricity - Dharnai-- first village in India to
completely run on solar power. Used diesel-based generators / cow dung to meet
electricity requirement -- costly and unhealthy.
Launched solar-powered 100 kilowatt micro-grid in 2014, quality electricity
provided to more than 2,400 people living .

78. Payvihir– Maharashtra-Organic Forest ,
Fruits
Turning a barren, 182-hectare land under community forest right, into a
forest.— village started growing & selling organic Sitafals (custard
apples) and Mangoes in Mumbai under their brand Naturals Melghat!

79. Hiware Bazaar, Maharashtra- Water management
.Facing water shortage village decided to shun water-intensive crops
opted for horticulture / dairy farming. Consistent water conservation--- rising
groundwater levels -- village started to prosper. Today, village has 294 open wells-
- brimming with water / prosperity. -never called a single water tanker since 1995.
village has 60 millionaires& highest per-capita income in India

80. Odanthurai, Tamil Nadu-Solar/Wind Energy
Panchayat generating electricity for own use
--sold suplus energy to Tamil Nadu Electricity Board
--- Village created corpus of Rs 5 crores
-- to install wind /solar energy farms
--enable free supply of electricity to over 8,000 residents.

81. Khonoma, Nagaland-First Green Villag
India’s first green village.--perfectly terraced fields,
--self-sustaining village- Protects / conserves natural habitat.
-- Hunting banned -- Village practices its own eco-friendly version
of jhum agriculture that enriches the soil.

82. Punsari, Gujarat- Technology driven Villag
Punsari village,-- Closed-circuit cameras, water purifying plants, biogas
plants, air-conditioned schools, Wi-Fi, biometric machines – done in
eight years- cost of Rs. 16 crore.--Transformation made possible by
young tech-savvy sarpanch – 33-year-old Himanshu Patel
--village offers amenities of a city but the spirit of a village.”

83. Mawlynnong, Meghalaya- Cleanest
village
 plastic is banned--paths lined with flowers-- bamboo
dustbins stand at every corner, --volunteers sweep
streets -- signboards warn visitors against littering. --
Cleanliness a ritual for all old/young –
 --village Known as cleanest village in India /Asia.

84. Piplantri, Rajasthan- Saving girls&
Trees
Village Panchyat saving girl children & increasing green cover
---planting 111 trees when a girl is born –ensuring survive of trees --
attaining fruitation as girls grow up. - set up a fixed deposit for girls -
parents sign an affidavit ensuring their education
.-During last nine years,- planted over a quarter million trees on village’s
grazing land—Preventing trees from termite,
-planted over 2.5 million aloe-vera plants around them.
Trees/aloevera,-- a source of livelihood for several residents.

85. Conclusions
 Even after almost 7 decades of independence,
 existing policies --taken a toll on rural India.
 villages development-- taking a backseat
 Created economy - rich cities and poor villages,
 -- surging urban areas and decaying rural areas.
 Need for ---
 Creating balance/synergies between urban /rural development
 Making Urban & Rural areas supportive of each other -
Physically, socially, economically , structurally, culturally and
financially
 Sharing amenities/facilities between urban and rural areas
 Creating appropriate level of employment for all in rural India
 Removing poverty by-- Skilling rural India,-- making agriculture
more productive; more scientific , more skilled-
 Reducing dependence on agriculture
 Prioritizing Planned development- of both rural & urban areas-
using Regional Planning, followed by Rural/urban Planning
 Providing basic amenities / facilities to all

86. Conclusions
 Promoting culture of co-operation/ sharing in villages-
for doing all activities
 Leveraging technologies -- for skilling, employment
Creating
 Making villages self-sufficient -- in all day-to-day
requirements
 Promoting education / literacy-- for all
 Making rural planning/development-- integral part of
academics at all level in urban/rural areas
 Running specialized courses --for rural development
 Involving all educational institutions-- in process of rural
development
 Adopting villages -- by academic institutions for planning
/ development
 Institutions imparting architecture/Engineering

87. Conclusions
 Promoting agriculture-- based on crop diversification/
growing cash crops
 Promoting water conservation /preservation
 Adopting green practices-- for development based on
nature
 Promoting solar/gas based energy-- for lighting and cooking
 Promoting agro-based industries-- for making value addition/
generating employment
 Implementing 73 rd CAA in letters & spirits
 Implementing Ru-urban mission pan India
 Converging all missions at local level
 Empowering village panchayats-- involving communities
 Involving professionals- Architects/planners/
engineers/economists-- in framing District/ Metropolitan
plans based on the concept of Regional Plans– Creating
bare- foot professionals
 Creating self help groups-- for planning /implementation of

88. Consultation; Collaboration, Co-Operation

89. THANKS
THANKS
THANKS

90. The Glenn Family Foundation - “Village Development
Model” --providing them with;
-- sustainable access to basic needs.
-- access to clean water,
-- access to solar power,
-- improved sanitation to reduce incidence of disease
-- improved living conditions to foster a sense of pride.
-- help enrich these communities through
-- education,
--health initiatives,
-- skills sharing and
-- technical expertise.
The model aims to increase the;
-- standard of living in poor rural communities
--- through multiple interventions-
-- addressing person’s life, including
-education, health, shelter and basic needs.
-- Creating local empowerment and ownership,
-- ensuring communities play active role in their own development
-- able to sustain themselves and
-- contribute to further development of their communities /neighbours.
-- using local volunteers– bringing project specific expertise
-- learning a range of new skills and competencies,

91. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:
people in rural villages have
--access to their most basic needs,
-- improved education and health
-- means of sustaining their livelihoods
--increasing their standard of living.
-- More specifically, they have
--Access to clean,
-- safe drinking water within or near their homes
-- Sufficient lighting in their homes
--Safe/ adequate shelter that withstands elements
--An understanding of how to prevent illness
-- through good hygiene / sanitation practices
-- providing local schools with sufficient learning equipment
-- benefitting Children from education programmes
- Increased their take-home income by participation in livelihoods
programme-- volunteers develop passion for development work.

92. Project
implementation
 Village identification and partnership
building
 Village Meeting
 Survey
 Project Planning
 Budget Setting
 Sub-Committee Formation
 Implementation
 Monitoring and Evaluation
 Sustainable livelihoods and beyond