The document discusses decision and policy analysis work at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) on several topics:
1. CIAT focuses on delivering research outcomes related to climate change, ecosystem services, and linking farmers to markets through modeling, gender analysis, impact assessment, and other expertise.
2. Research on cassava and other staple crops examines their suitability and potential roles under climate change through crop modeling and analysis of adaptation options.
3. Work in four sites in East Africa examines gender dimensions of climate-smart agriculture adoption and relations between different stakeholder groups in watershed management.
4. Research on payments for ecosystem services in Peru aims to balance watershed stakeholders' interests through
The document discusses rural population trends, land use, and development indicators across various countries and world regions. It provides data on rural population size and growth rates, the proportion of total population that is rural, agricultural land area and use, rates of deforestation, access to improved water and sanitation sources, and fertilizer usage from 2010 and earlier time periods. The data comes from the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division and examines topics like rural economies, demographics, and human impacts on the environment.
Mapping farming systems in Africa 21 June 2012ACIAR
This document discusses using spatial data and analysis to improve agricultural policy and planning in sub-Saharan Africa. It outlines work to develop an updated dataset and characterization of farming systems for the region. The methodology uses numerous spatial and tabular datasets to delineate systems, characterize them, and perform statistical analysis. The goals are to better understand risks, opportunities, and system performance over time to inform interventions and management strategies.
The document summarizes the development of a regional agricultural center in the Alleghany Highlands of Virginia and West Virginia. A steering committee used USDA grants to study producer needs and the feasibility of a livestock processing facility. This determined that a processing plant was needed due to the lack of nearby facilities. The committee worked with partners to build a center with livestock pens and scales, a USDA-inspected slaughter and meat processing facility, and an education room. Through community support and funding, the $2.3 million center addressed infrastructure needs and will enhance agricultural sustainability in the region.
This 3 sentence summary provides the high level information from the document:
The document discusses water use accounting in several river basins around the world using hydrology models, with a focus on the inputs needed including rainfall, potential evapotranspiration, land use, catchment boundaries, and irrigation water use factors. Examples are provided showing observed and calculated flows for the Karkheh basin in Iran, the Limpopo basin, the Volta basin, and the Sao Francisco basin, demonstrating the models. Water use patterns are also shown for several of the basins.
This Bangladesh case study analyzes the linkages between fisheries, poverty, and economic growth. It examines the current status and trends in Bangladesh's fishery system to understand the key role fisheries has played in reducing poverty. The study uses various published and unpublished literature sources. It provides background on Bangladesh's population, poverty levels, economic growth, fisheries production and management, and policies around fisheries. The fisheries sector accounts for over 5% of GDP and involves millions of people. Improved aquaculture techniques have increased fish farming productivity. The study aims to inform DFID's efforts to increase fisheries' contributions to poverty reduction in Bangladesh.
The document discusses decision and policy analysis work at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) on several topics:
1. CIAT focuses on delivering research outcomes related to climate change, ecosystem services, and linking farmers to markets through modeling, gender analysis, impact assessment, and other expertise.
2. Research on cassava and other staple crops examines their suitability and potential roles under climate change through crop modeling and analysis of adaptation options.
3. Work in four sites in East Africa examines gender dimensions of climate-smart agriculture adoption and relations between different stakeholder groups in watershed management.
4. Research on payments for ecosystem services in Peru aims to balance watershed stakeholders' interests through
The document discusses rural population trends, land use, and development indicators across various countries and world regions. It provides data on rural population size and growth rates, the proportion of total population that is rural, agricultural land area and use, rates of deforestation, access to improved water and sanitation sources, and fertilizer usage from 2010 and earlier time periods. The data comes from the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division and examines topics like rural economies, demographics, and human impacts on the environment.
Mapping farming systems in Africa 21 June 2012ACIAR
This document discusses using spatial data and analysis to improve agricultural policy and planning in sub-Saharan Africa. It outlines work to develop an updated dataset and characterization of farming systems for the region. The methodology uses numerous spatial and tabular datasets to delineate systems, characterize them, and perform statistical analysis. The goals are to better understand risks, opportunities, and system performance over time to inform interventions and management strategies.
The document summarizes the development of a regional agricultural center in the Alleghany Highlands of Virginia and West Virginia. A steering committee used USDA grants to study producer needs and the feasibility of a livestock processing facility. This determined that a processing plant was needed due to the lack of nearby facilities. The committee worked with partners to build a center with livestock pens and scales, a USDA-inspected slaughter and meat processing facility, and an education room. Through community support and funding, the $2.3 million center addressed infrastructure needs and will enhance agricultural sustainability in the region.
This 3 sentence summary provides the high level information from the document:
The document discusses water use accounting in several river basins around the world using hydrology models, with a focus on the inputs needed including rainfall, potential evapotranspiration, land use, catchment boundaries, and irrigation water use factors. Examples are provided showing observed and calculated flows for the Karkheh basin in Iran, the Limpopo basin, the Volta basin, and the Sao Francisco basin, demonstrating the models. Water use patterns are also shown for several of the basins.
This Bangladesh case study analyzes the linkages between fisheries, poverty, and economic growth. It examines the current status and trends in Bangladesh's fishery system to understand the key role fisheries has played in reducing poverty. The study uses various published and unpublished literature sources. It provides background on Bangladesh's population, poverty levels, economic growth, fisheries production and management, and policies around fisheries. The fisheries sector accounts for over 5% of GDP and involves millions of people. Improved aquaculture techniques have increased fish farming productivity. The study aims to inform DFID's efforts to increase fisheries' contributions to poverty reduction in Bangladesh.
The document discusses several topics related to water integrity, gender equity, and climate change. It notes that corruption in the water sector puts lives and livelihoods at risk, slows development, and disproportionately affects the poor. It also discusses the costs of corruption, including waste of resources and failure to lead by example. The document argues that billions of dollars of new climate change-related investments will be at high risk of corruption. It advocates for integrating anti-corruption platforms into policy agendas and streamlining corruption and environment policies. Finally, it describes the Water Integrity Network's efforts to advocate for water integrity on a global level through partnerships and country-based activities.
This document summarizes the BFP-ANDES project. It is led by Mark Mulligan of KCL and coordinated by Jorge Rubiano of UNAL. The project aims to use the best available science to inform land and water policy formulation and testing in the Andes to improve livelihoods. It has 6 work packages focused on poverty, water availability, production, institutions, interventions, and knowledge. The project will produce maps, databases, summaries and a policy support system to help stakeholders assess impacts of policy interventions on poverty, food production, and the environment.
This document discusses using Bayesian networks to model dryland salinity in Western Australia. It provides the following key points:
- Bayesian networks can be used to estimate unknown quantities and model probabilistic relationships by building models from available data on topics like medical diagnosis, risk assessment, and physical state estimation.
- An example application is modeling dryland salinity in Western Australia, where the goal is to map current and predict future areas affected by rising saline groundwater levels resulting from past vegetation clearing.
- The challenge is that direct observation of salinity levels across the large area is not possible, so the network would integrate landscape data from remote sensing and other sources to estimate salinity probabilities.
- The document outlines
This document summarizes a review of the Mekong Basin Futures Project. It outlines key issues facing the Mekong region including increasing population, economic development, climate change, fisheries and irrigation challenges, and upstream dam development. It cautions that while some changes can be influenced, historical forces and natural population growth will also drive significant change in the region. Humility and realism are important in assessing what the project and partners can impact.
The document summarizes key points from a workshop on developing impact pathways for projects.
1. The workshop discussed making impact pathways (how projects create change) explicit in order to improve project practice and impact. Explicit impact pathways can help with planning, evaluation, program integration, and ex-post impact assessment.
2. The workshop introduced the Pathways of Influence, Performance and Adoption (PIPA) approach for making impact pathways explicit. PIPA develops two perspectives - a problem tree showing how project outputs address problems to achieve goals, and network maps showing the relationships needed over time to achieve goals.
3. Integrating these perspectives provides a more complete picture of a project's theory of change from an
This document summarizes a study that used multi-scale hydro-economic models to assess the effects of alternative water policies and conditions in the São Francisco River Basin in Brazil. The models were used at the plot, sub-catchment, and basin levels to understand farmer behavior, predict outcomes of proposed policies, and inform policymaking. The models linked hydrologic models with economic models of agriculture to analyze impacts on cropping patterns, income, employment, water use and availability under different scenarios. Scenarios examined included drought years, implementation of water guidelines, and increases in sugarcane prices. The basin-wide model predicted changes across the basin in available water, agricultural land use, rural employment, profits and other factors.
A report prepared for the
Department for International Development (DFID)
Project: ‘The Role of Fisheries in Poverty Alleviation
and Growth: Past, Present and Future’
The document proposes research plans for the Limpopo Basin Focal Project. The project aims to identify agricultural water interventions that can reduce poverty and enhance food security in the basin. It will identify existing data, fill knowledge gaps through short studies, and create a stakeholder network map. The project team is diverse with experts from various universities and organizations. Key work packages include analyzing water availability, poverty levels, water productivity, and institutions. The project expects to identify intervention packages, specify further research needs, and influence policies through stakeholder engagement.
Presented at the Basin Focal Project workshop 'Clarifying the global picture of water, food and poverty' from 18-20th September in Chiang Mai, Thailand.
The document summarizes a methodology for mapping poverty levels spatially using small area estimation. It combines household survey data with census data to generate expenditure estimates for whole populations. Models are applied to Vietnam and Laos data, showing highest poverty rates in remote rural highlands but most poor living in deltas and coasts. While producing spatially disaggregated estimates, the method has limitations such as reliability below commune level and difficulties with frequent updates due to data needs.
The document summarizes water use accounting work done in the Volta River Basin. It discusses:
1) The Volta Basin covers 400,000 square kilometers across 6 countries, with rainfall and rivers varying between the drier north and wetter south.
2) The study aims to assess the basin's water resources by calculating how much water is received and distributed across uses like agriculture.
3) Input data on sub-basins, climate, land use, and river flows were used to calibrate a water accounting spreadsheet model to the basin.
The document summarizes outputs from the BFPANDES project, which include:
1. Capacity building for students, institutions, and project members through training and dissemination of tools and data.
2. Freely available reports, maps, and baseline data on water issues in the Andes, as well as the AguAAndes policy support system - a web-based tool for understanding impacts of policy options.
3. A survey of 80 water professionals found that soil erosion, agricultural livelihoods, institutional water management, access to water, and payments for ecosystem services were top priorities. Lack of available data and training were barriers to using existing policy support tools.
An integrated hydrologic-economic model can jointly represent river basin hydrology and economic systems. The model structure includes sub-models for hydrology, agriculture, industry, municipalities, and institutions. It uses an optimization approach to maximize total net water benefits across sectors. The model can help with strategic decision making by evaluating tradeoffs between off-stream and instream water uses under different policy and investment scenarios. However, it has limitations such as not being suitable for day-to-day river operations and not fully representing rainfed agriculture and poverty impacts.
1. Fisheries represent natural wealth that can contribute to economic growth and poverty reduction in developing coastal countries if managed optimally.
2. Traditional fisheries management focuses on production over sustainability, leading to overexploitation. A wealth-based approach centers on generating sustainable wealth from the resource through rent maximization.
3. Moving to a wealth-based model requires building capacity in predictive modeling, administration, industry organization, and implementing fishery management plans over many years with external assistance. The goal is to manage fisheries for long-term economic benefit and equitable distribution of wealth.
This document provides an outline for the IGB Basin Focal Project. The project will analyze poverty, water availability, access, and productivity in the Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra river basin across India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. It will include 6 work packages analyzing topics like water poverty, availability, access, productivity, institutions, and interventions. The project aims to understand links between water and poverty and identify priority actions. Key outputs will include reports on poverty patterns, water accounting, productivity assessments, and recommendations for agricultural water management.
Presented at the Basin Focal Project workshop 'Clarifying the global picture of water, food and poverty' from 18-20th September in Chiang Mai, Thailand.
This document discusses groundwater use in Eastern India, specifically West Bengal. It notes that while much of India faces groundwater depletion and scarcity, some areas of West Bengal have potential for underutilized groundwater resources that could help alleviate rural poverty. However, West Bengal has highly restrictive groundwater policies and high electricity costs that have led to low rates of groundwater irrigation development. Research presented suggests intensive groundwater use in West Bengal may have positive externalities through increased recharge, lower flood risk, and providing an alternative to surface storage. The document argues arsenic contamination should not be an obstacle to groundwater development given its natural occurrence and lack of viable alternatives to groundwater in the region.
- The document analyzes water poverty in the Volta Basin region of Ghana using data from surveys conducted in the region.
- Variables related to water access, agricultural production, population, and poverty levels were identified and their relationships analyzed using Bayesian networks.
- The analysis found relationships between the lowest levels of poverty and variables like water access times, water sources, and water productivity of maize crops. Areas with poorer values of these water-related variables tended to have higher poverty levels.
1) The study mapped water productivity in the Karkheh River Basin in Iran using remote sensing data and secondary data to identify opportunities for improving agricultural production.
2) The analysis found large variations in land and water productivity within and between sub-basins, indicating scope for improving farm-scale productivity through better irrigation, fertilizer use, and supplemental irrigation for rainfed areas.
3) Certain sub-basins in the upper and lower parts of the basin had higher water productivity that could help guide interventions, while including livestock more accurately portrayed basin productivity.
The document discusses several topics related to water integrity, gender equity, and climate change. It notes that corruption in the water sector puts lives and livelihoods at risk, slows development, and disproportionately affects the poor. It also discusses the costs of corruption, including waste of resources and failure to lead by example. The document argues that billions of dollars of new climate change-related investments will be at high risk of corruption. It advocates for integrating anti-corruption platforms into policy agendas and streamlining corruption and environment policies. Finally, it describes the Water Integrity Network's efforts to advocate for water integrity on a global level through partnerships and country-based activities.
This document summarizes the BFP-ANDES project. It is led by Mark Mulligan of KCL and coordinated by Jorge Rubiano of UNAL. The project aims to use the best available science to inform land and water policy formulation and testing in the Andes to improve livelihoods. It has 6 work packages focused on poverty, water availability, production, institutions, interventions, and knowledge. The project will produce maps, databases, summaries and a policy support system to help stakeholders assess impacts of policy interventions on poverty, food production, and the environment.
This document discusses using Bayesian networks to model dryland salinity in Western Australia. It provides the following key points:
- Bayesian networks can be used to estimate unknown quantities and model probabilistic relationships by building models from available data on topics like medical diagnosis, risk assessment, and physical state estimation.
- An example application is modeling dryland salinity in Western Australia, where the goal is to map current and predict future areas affected by rising saline groundwater levels resulting from past vegetation clearing.
- The challenge is that direct observation of salinity levels across the large area is not possible, so the network would integrate landscape data from remote sensing and other sources to estimate salinity probabilities.
- The document outlines
This document summarizes a review of the Mekong Basin Futures Project. It outlines key issues facing the Mekong region including increasing population, economic development, climate change, fisheries and irrigation challenges, and upstream dam development. It cautions that while some changes can be influenced, historical forces and natural population growth will also drive significant change in the region. Humility and realism are important in assessing what the project and partners can impact.
The document summarizes key points from a workshop on developing impact pathways for projects.
1. The workshop discussed making impact pathways (how projects create change) explicit in order to improve project practice and impact. Explicit impact pathways can help with planning, evaluation, program integration, and ex-post impact assessment.
2. The workshop introduced the Pathways of Influence, Performance and Adoption (PIPA) approach for making impact pathways explicit. PIPA develops two perspectives - a problem tree showing how project outputs address problems to achieve goals, and network maps showing the relationships needed over time to achieve goals.
3. Integrating these perspectives provides a more complete picture of a project's theory of change from an
This document summarizes a study that used multi-scale hydro-economic models to assess the effects of alternative water policies and conditions in the São Francisco River Basin in Brazil. The models were used at the plot, sub-catchment, and basin levels to understand farmer behavior, predict outcomes of proposed policies, and inform policymaking. The models linked hydrologic models with economic models of agriculture to analyze impacts on cropping patterns, income, employment, water use and availability under different scenarios. Scenarios examined included drought years, implementation of water guidelines, and increases in sugarcane prices. The basin-wide model predicted changes across the basin in available water, agricultural land use, rural employment, profits and other factors.
A report prepared for the
Department for International Development (DFID)
Project: ‘The Role of Fisheries in Poverty Alleviation
and Growth: Past, Present and Future’
The document proposes research plans for the Limpopo Basin Focal Project. The project aims to identify agricultural water interventions that can reduce poverty and enhance food security in the basin. It will identify existing data, fill knowledge gaps through short studies, and create a stakeholder network map. The project team is diverse with experts from various universities and organizations. Key work packages include analyzing water availability, poverty levels, water productivity, and institutions. The project expects to identify intervention packages, specify further research needs, and influence policies through stakeholder engagement.
Presented at the Basin Focal Project workshop 'Clarifying the global picture of water, food and poverty' from 18-20th September in Chiang Mai, Thailand.
The document summarizes a methodology for mapping poverty levels spatially using small area estimation. It combines household survey data with census data to generate expenditure estimates for whole populations. Models are applied to Vietnam and Laos data, showing highest poverty rates in remote rural highlands but most poor living in deltas and coasts. While producing spatially disaggregated estimates, the method has limitations such as reliability below commune level and difficulties with frequent updates due to data needs.
The document summarizes water use accounting work done in the Volta River Basin. It discusses:
1) The Volta Basin covers 400,000 square kilometers across 6 countries, with rainfall and rivers varying between the drier north and wetter south.
2) The study aims to assess the basin's water resources by calculating how much water is received and distributed across uses like agriculture.
3) Input data on sub-basins, climate, land use, and river flows were used to calibrate a water accounting spreadsheet model to the basin.
The document summarizes outputs from the BFPANDES project, which include:
1. Capacity building for students, institutions, and project members through training and dissemination of tools and data.
2. Freely available reports, maps, and baseline data on water issues in the Andes, as well as the AguAAndes policy support system - a web-based tool for understanding impacts of policy options.
3. A survey of 80 water professionals found that soil erosion, agricultural livelihoods, institutional water management, access to water, and payments for ecosystem services were top priorities. Lack of available data and training were barriers to using existing policy support tools.
An integrated hydrologic-economic model can jointly represent river basin hydrology and economic systems. The model structure includes sub-models for hydrology, agriculture, industry, municipalities, and institutions. It uses an optimization approach to maximize total net water benefits across sectors. The model can help with strategic decision making by evaluating tradeoffs between off-stream and instream water uses under different policy and investment scenarios. However, it has limitations such as not being suitable for day-to-day river operations and not fully representing rainfed agriculture and poverty impacts.
1. Fisheries represent natural wealth that can contribute to economic growth and poverty reduction in developing coastal countries if managed optimally.
2. Traditional fisheries management focuses on production over sustainability, leading to overexploitation. A wealth-based approach centers on generating sustainable wealth from the resource through rent maximization.
3. Moving to a wealth-based model requires building capacity in predictive modeling, administration, industry organization, and implementing fishery management plans over many years with external assistance. The goal is to manage fisheries for long-term economic benefit and equitable distribution of wealth.
This document provides an outline for the IGB Basin Focal Project. The project will analyze poverty, water availability, access, and productivity in the Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra river basin across India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. It will include 6 work packages analyzing topics like water poverty, availability, access, productivity, institutions, and interventions. The project aims to understand links between water and poverty and identify priority actions. Key outputs will include reports on poverty patterns, water accounting, productivity assessments, and recommendations for agricultural water management.
Presented at the Basin Focal Project workshop 'Clarifying the global picture of water, food and poverty' from 18-20th September in Chiang Mai, Thailand.
This document discusses groundwater use in Eastern India, specifically West Bengal. It notes that while much of India faces groundwater depletion and scarcity, some areas of West Bengal have potential for underutilized groundwater resources that could help alleviate rural poverty. However, West Bengal has highly restrictive groundwater policies and high electricity costs that have led to low rates of groundwater irrigation development. Research presented suggests intensive groundwater use in West Bengal may have positive externalities through increased recharge, lower flood risk, and providing an alternative to surface storage. The document argues arsenic contamination should not be an obstacle to groundwater development given its natural occurrence and lack of viable alternatives to groundwater in the region.
- The document analyzes water poverty in the Volta Basin region of Ghana using data from surveys conducted in the region.
- Variables related to water access, agricultural production, population, and poverty levels were identified and their relationships analyzed using Bayesian networks.
- The analysis found relationships between the lowest levels of poverty and variables like water access times, water sources, and water productivity of maize crops. Areas with poorer values of these water-related variables tended to have higher poverty levels.
1) The study mapped water productivity in the Karkheh River Basin in Iran using remote sensing data and secondary data to identify opportunities for improving agricultural production.
2) The analysis found large variations in land and water productivity within and between sub-basins, indicating scope for improving farm-scale productivity through better irrigation, fertilizer use, and supplemental irrigation for rainfed areas.
3) Certain sub-basins in the upper and lower parts of the basin had higher water productivity that could help guide interventions, while including livestock more accurately portrayed basin productivity.
Climate Change Impact and Vulnerability Assessment for Socio-Economics of LMBMekong ARCC
The document summarizes key socioeconomic trends and drivers affecting livelihoods in the Lower Mekong Basin, including rapid population growth, urbanization, rising food and commodity prices, and the increasing commercialization of agriculture. It analyzes how these factors impact rural poverty, livelihoods, and food security. The document then focuses on Mondulkiri Province in Cambodia, describing its socioeconomic characteristics, household livelihood activities, and vulnerability to climate impacts on health, infrastructure, and productive sectors like agriculture, fisheries, and livestock that support livelihoods.
IWRM and regional diversity in Brazil: an adaptive management opportunity or...GWP Centroamérica
Osman Silva is an oceanographer and holds a PhD. in civil engineering from Campinas State University and a postdoctoral program from the Sao Paulo University, Brazil. He works as a deputy manager at the Department of Water Resources Management from the Brazilian National Water Agency (ANA).
The document discusses water productivity (WP) mapping in agricultural basins. It defines WP as the ratio of agricultural output to water input. The goals of WP assessment are to identify opportunities to improve net gains from water by increasing productivity with the same water or reducing water use with little productivity decrease. WP is mapped at sub-catchment and district levels using crop yields, livestock/fisheries production, and water depletion estimates from remote sensing data. Groundtruthing involves extensive field sampling to verify productivity, land use, cropping patterns, and water sources across the Indo-Gangetic basin.
Presented at the Basin Focal Project workshop 'Clarifying the global picture of water, food and poverty' from 18-20th September in Chiang Mai, Thailand.
The document summarizes the participatory irrigation management of the Waghod Irrigation Project in Maharashtra, India. It describes how forming water user associations improved water distribution and agricultural productivity. Water entitlements were established, water use became more efficient, and crop yields and farmer incomes increased. Community management of irrigation infrastructure through local water user associations enhanced water security, equitable access, and the sustainable management of water resources for the region.
Similar to Targeting Double Dividends in Indo-Gangetic Basin: Improving Water Productivity and Alleviating Poverty (12)
El documento presenta un índice de ambiente institucional para evaluar las instituciones relacionadas con los recursos hídricos en cuatro países andinos. Define las instituciones y describe cómo se estructuran las relaciones sociales. Explica cómo se puede observar el comportamiento institucional a nivel nacional y describe las variables consideradas en el cálculo del índice para cada país.
Este documento resume las principales conclusiones de un estudio sobre la pobreza y su relación con el acceso al agua en los Andes. Indica que los niveles más altos de pobreza se encuentran en las zonas andinas secas de Bolivia y Perú en comparación con las zonas costeras. También muestra que la pobreza está más concentrada en las zonas aguas arriba de las cuencas y que el acceso al riego reduce la probabilidad de pobreza. Finalmente, recomienda abordar la pobreza de manera multifacética y
This document discusses water availability and productivity in the Andes region. It provides context on the heterogeneous nature of the Andes basin and competing demands on land and water resources. It then summarizes baseline data on land use, GDP, irrigation and protected areas. Several key methods are discussed for analyzing water availability, including rainfall and evapotranspiration modeling. Results show areas of water deficit and surplus. Methods for analyzing water productivity through dry matter production are also summarized. The impacts of climate change, land use change, and protected areas on water resources are assessed through modeling.
The document discusses the human impacts on water quality globally and in the Andean region from agricultural, industrial, and urban activities. It notes that land use change affects hydrological processes and downstream water users. Payment for ecosystem services schemes are one way upstream land managers can be paid to provide hydrological services like water quantity, flow regulation, and quality to downstream beneficiaries. However, spatial water quality data and models are less developed than those for water quantity and flow regulation. The document then provides methods to quantify the hydrological value of protected areas and model the human footprint on water supplies to urban areas.
Este documento presenta un modelo para estimar la escasez y el costo de acceso al agua a nivel de cuencas en los Andes, considerando factores ambientales, sociales y económicos. El modelo evalúa la calidad del agua, disponibilidad, demanda y acceso para clasificar la escasez como baja, media o alta. También estima el costo de infraestructura requerida para llevar el agua a usuarios agrícolas y domésticos, considerando parámetros hidráulicos y costos asociados a tuberías
The document discusses climate change and its impacts on water resources and management. It summarizes a presentation on the Climate and Water Programme (CPWC) which started in 2001 to build awareness of climate change impacts and has since 2005 worked on operational responses. It notes that climate change is one of the most fundamental challenges facing humanity and water will be greatly impacted. The IPCC 2007 report projects significant impacts on water resources from climate change by mid-century. Adaptation is a top priority and was discussed at the Copenhagen climate summit, but commitments to mitigation and financing remain uncertain. The document emphasizes the need to mainstream climate change into water management and adaptation strategies.
This document discusses water availability and productivity in the Andes region. It provides context on the heterogeneous nature of the Andes in terms of climate, land use, and competing demands on water resources. It then presents various methods and results from analyzing water availability and productivity at different spatial scales. Key findings include areas of current and potential future water deficit, the influence of dams on water storage and use, impacts of climate and land use change on hydrology, and relationships between water availability/climate factors and agricultural productivity. Complexities and uncertainties in the analyses are also acknowledged.
This document discusses strengthening scientific capacity for water resources management in developing countries facing climate change. It summarizes that developing countries lack capacity to cope with climate impacts and need to build infrastructure. Scientific capacity can be strengthened through well-defined programs involving local stakeholders, appropriate technology, and financial mechanisms with monitoring and evaluation. Such programs provide research funding, equipment, literature access, fieldwork support, training, and dissemination to generate results and inform decision-making.
Este documento resume los efectos del cambio climático en la salud pública según un experto. El cambio climático ha causado un aumento de las temperaturas globales y la concentración de CO2 en la atmósfera. Estos cambios amenazan la salud humana a través de olas de calor más frecuentes, enfermedades transmitidas por vectores como la malaria, y desastres relacionados con el clima. El cambio climático también exacerbará las desigualdades sociales y económicas. Se necesitan acciones urgentes a
1. El documento discute el impacto del cambio climático en la biodiversidad y la agrobiodiversidad en América Latina.
2. Explica que el clima se volverá más cálido y húmedo en general, aunque los modelos climáticos difieren en los detalles.
3. El escenario más pesimista predice un aumento de temperatura de 6-8°C y una disminución de precipitación de 200-1000 mm/año en algunas áreas.
This document discusses hydroinformatics and its role in addressing climate variability. It begins by noting the increasing variability in climate and need for water management strategies that account for climate uncertainties. Hydroinformatics is then defined as the application of modeling, information and communication technologies, and computer sciences to problems of the aquatic environment. The key roles of hydroinformatics include developing better observation systems, predictive models, analytical methods to handle uncertainty, and changes to design and management practices in light of climate change. Hydroinformatics aims to integrate data, models, and people to support proper water resource management decisions.
The document discusses the global water and food crisis, with several key points:
1. Population growth and increased demand for food and water are straining limited water resources, exacerbating water scarcity in many regions.
2. Analysis of 10 major river basins found four water-related factors influencing poverty levels: water availability, access to water, exposure to water-related hazards, and how effectively water is used and managed.
3. While water scarcity is a concern, it is not always the primary driver of poverty - other social and economic factors also play important roles. Access to water and how water is shared between groups can be more influential on livelihoods than absolute water availability alone.
This background report presents the methodology for a DFID/PASS project studying the role of fisheries in poverty alleviation and growth. The study will use a case study approach in 8 countries. Section 1 introduces the objectives. Section 2 outlines the study approach, including a literature review, consultation, briefing papers, development of a study template and case study terms of reference. Section 3 synthesizes the key issues around poverty, economic growth, fisheries development, and policy. Section 4 presents the study template for case reports. Section 5 provides the case study terms of reference. The case studies will be synthesized to produce a final report identifying links between fisheries and poverty reduction under different policies.
A report prepared for the Department for International Development (DFID) Project: ‘The Role of Fisheries in Poverty Alleviation and Growth: Past, Present and Future’
INVESTIGATING THE LINKAGES BETWEEN FISHERIES, POVERTY AND GROWTH: A SUMMARY AND SYNTHESIS OF EIGHT NATIONAL CASE-STUDIES INCLUDING MOROCCO, INDIA, BANGLADESH, THAILAND,
MALAWI, PACIFIC ISLANDS, MAURITANIA AND CANADA
A report prepared for the Department for International Development (DFID) Project: ‘The Role of Fisheries in Poverty Alleviation and Growth: Past, Present and Future’
A report prepared for the
Department for International Development (DFID)
Project: ‘The Role of Fisheries in Poverty Alleviation
and Growth: Past, Present and Future’
This document provides background information on Thailand, including its population, economic structure, and fisheries sector. Some key points:
- Thailand has a population of 63.7 million in 2003, with 13.47% living in the southern coastal region where many fishermen reside. The population growth rate was 0.66% annually.
- Fisheries accounted for only 1.75% of Thailand's GDP in 2003, with the share decreasing over time. GDP growth in the fisheries sector was negative between 2001-2003.
- The fisheries sector faces issues of overfishing. Small-scale fishermen make up 80% of fishermen but only contribute 20% of catches. Future policies aim to
This document provides a summary of a scoping study conducted to design a new 4-year research program on the social and economic valuation of aquatic resources in the Lower Mekong Basin. The study found that aquatic resources play a significant role in livelihoods but there is a lack of understanding of their social and economic value, hindering optimal policymaking. The proposed research program aims to generate information to inform policy options while also improving stakeholder participation in decision-making. It will be hosted by the Mekong River Commission in Cambodia and collaborate with other organizations. The research program seeks to contribute to sustainable development and equitable management in the region.
Presented at the Basin Focal Project workshop 'Clarifying the global picture of water, food and poverty' from 18-20th September in Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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2. Targeting Double Dividends in
Indo-Gangetic Basin:
Improving Water Productivity
and Alleviating Poverty
Sub-basin boundary
AVHRR-LULC
3. Content
• Purpose of the Workshop
• Logic and Structure of BFPs
• Brief tour of the Indus-Gangetic realities
• Brief review of WP content
-WP1- Water Poverty
-WP2- Water Resources
-WP3- Water Productivity
-WP4-Institutions
-WP5- Interventions….Change
-WP6- Knowledge Sharing and Impact
• Structure of the Meeting
4. Purpose of the Workshop
•Update and Sharing
-What’s been done in 2008 and before
•Reflection & Discussion
-Are we moving on the right track with the right speed?
-What works, What doesn’t
-How the project can create the desired impact?
•Plan for the Future
-What we will do in 2009 and beyond?
Outputs need to delivered and the impact created……
5. Logic and Structure
Background
Demography Rural poverty
Economic overview Agriculture
What is the overall situation?
Water productivity
Water availability Crop water productivity, kg/m3
Climate water account Water value-adding $/m3
Water allocation water hazards Net value/costs
What is the water balance?
How well is the water used?
Policies and Institutions Farming
Water
Water rights water policies Land rights
Governance Power Infrastructure
Supply chains
Who ‘handles’ the water? Who enables farmer to improve productivity?
Poverty analysis
Rural poverty details
Water-food related factors
What links water, food and poverty?
Interventions
WEAP Trend analysis
Land use change analysis
What are foreseeable risks and opportunities for change?
6. Targeting Double Dividends in Indo-Gangetic Basin:
Improving Water Productivity and Alleviating Poverty
“Indo-Gangetic Basin” “Hunger Index of IGB
IGB Profile Countries”
• Basin area 225 million-ha Countries Rate Scaling Performance Indian States Hunger
• Population (2001) 747 million China 7.1 5.0-9.9 MODERATE Score
• Percentage rural population (2001)
India 75 Nepal 20.6 Bihar 27
Pakistan 68 Pakistan 21.7 Haryana 20
20-29.9 ALARMING
Nepal 86 India 23.7 Punjab 14
Bangladesh 80 Bangladesh 25.2 Rajasthan 21
• Percentage of population
below Poverty line (2000) 30.5 EXTREMELY Uttar Pradesh 22
Ethiopia 31 > 30
• Net cropped area 114 million-ha ALARMING West Bengal 21
• Water use in agriculture 91.4% Source:Welt Hunger Hilfe, IFPRI, Concern Worldwide (October 2008) Madhya Pradesh 31
"What IGB - BFP will do"
ACTION FIELDS OUTPUTS
Poverty Analysis • Mapping sub- national poverty
• Dynamics of spatial and temporal variation of poverty “Putting Action Fields together”
• Gender inequality and water use
Water Availability • Water accounting in the sub-basins of the four
access analysis countries
• Detailed water balances for representative sub-basins
Water Productivity • Spatial variation of agriculture water productivity
analysis • Access spatial linkages with agriculture input, socio-
economic and environmental factors and poverty
• Sub basin assessment of water productivity assessment
Water Institutions • Comparative assessment of existing institutions and
analysis policies
• Pro-poor Agriculture Water Management (AWM)
strategies
“Challenges in IGB”
• Energy- irrigation nexus and fishery cultivation in the
FOCUS Low water productivity abreast with high poverty and eastern basin
environmental degradation • Transboundary issues and legislating context
Intervention analysis • Overview of interventions in productivity improvements
CHALLENGES
and poverty alleviation
•High heterogeneity • Impact assessment of potential intervention
•Transboundary issues Knowledge base • Developing web portal for accumulation and sharing of
•High dependency on groundwater platform existing and generated knowledge
•Dependency on glacier/ice melt & climate change impacts • Developing decision support system
• Targeted dissemination and learning from common
•Demographic pressure
experiences
•High rural population & dependency on natural resources
CONSTRAINTS
•Lack of effective institutions “Preliminary Results”
•Poor information base
•Inadequate targeted interventions KHARIF RABI
•Availability and accessibility of information
TARGETS
•Water-land-gender-poverty relationships
•Assessing water supply and demand
•Mapping water productivity
•Setting the institutional frame for an efficient and equitable water use
•Identifying potential interventions
•Generating Knowledge platform
OUTCOMES Making informed decisions for improving water productivity,
alleviating poverty, and reducing human deprivation
Trends in water productivity in rice, Bangladesh Districts (1968-2004)
7. Socio-economic and water status of
IG Basin countries
Parameters Bangla. India Nepal Pakistan
Acc. to improved water
resources,%
74 86 90 91
Acc.to improved sanitation, % 39 33 35 59
Per cap. Electricity consumption,
kWh
145 594 91 493
Popu. Below national poverty 49.8 28.6 30.9 32.6
line
Agriculture, % of GDP 20.1 18.3 38.2 21.6
Per capita GDP (USD) 406 640 252 632
IRWR (m3/cap./yr) 688 1149 7539 325
8. Freshwater under Threat
Parameter Indus GBM
Resource Stress 0.49 0.39
(scarcity, variation)
Development Pressure 0.51 0.17
(exploitation, DW inaccessibility)
Ecological Insecurity 0.80 0.57
( water pollution, ecosystem deterioration)
Management Challenges 0.57 0.65
(WU inefficiency, Sani. inaccess., Conflict manage)
Vulnerability Index 0.59 0.45
GDP/m3 of water use 3.34* 3.47*
*Global average:$8.6/m3; Avg five top food producers(Bra,Chi,Fra,Mex,US):$ 23.8/m3
Source: Babel and Wahid(2008)( Freshwater under Threat: South Asia)
9. Biomass Dynamics in Indus and Ganges
Basin level scale using AVHRR Mega Dataset
Scaled
NDVI
January, 1984 (Rabi crop) May, 1984 (driest period) September, 1984 (Kharif crop-
wettest period)
May, 2000 (driest period) September, 2000 (kharif crop-
January, 2000 (Rabi crop) wettest period)
10. Flooding in the Ganges Basin
250
Eastern Asia
SouthEast Asia
South Asia
West Asia
Damages Bangladesh India Nepal Pakistan
200
Deaths 52,033 55,656 5,637 8,877
Number of flood events
150
Population
304.63 763.99 2.98 37.69
affected (million)
100
Homeless 1321000
4219724 84925 4234415
0
50
Injured 102390 1561 1072 1981
0
Estimated Cost
60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99 00-08 12038.4 29417.2 0.977 2865.2
Period
(US$ M)
11. WP1: Poverty and Water Poverty Analysis
Upali, Stefanos, Gias…..Madar
Poverty analysis package reviews and
analyzes the existing poverty and water-
poverty-gender information in order to bridge
the gap/s between aggregate and specific
analyses of poverty; illustrate the links
between inter-sectoral uses of water and
links between water and other determinants
of poverty.
12. Trends of Poverty
Spatial variation of rural poverty in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal in 2000
13. Water, Land and Poverty Nexus
100 HCR 1999-
2000
HCR and % Area (%)
80
60 Net irrigated
area-% of net
sown area
Rural head count ratio
40
Groundwater
across lad holding classes
20 irrigat ed area
- % of t otal
0
Rural head count ratio across land holding classes
H aryana
Kerala
Bihar
Gujarat
Punjab
Karnataka
Maharashtr a
Madh ya Prade sh
Aru nacha l Prad esh
H ima chal Prade sh
An dhra Prade sh
Rajastha n
Tamil Na du
Uttar Prade sh
Orissa
Sikkim
Assam
West Bengal
60
45
HCR (%)
30
15
Rural head count ratio and net
0
irrigated and groundwater irrigated
medium
Medium
Marginal
Small
Landless
Large
large
Very
Small-
area
Land holding size
India Pakistan Bangladesh Nepal
14. WP2: Water Availability
Luna, Upali, Asad, Ambili …….
Water availability
( How much and where?)
Climate ( and its Change) Water account
Water allocation Water hazards
What is the water balance?
15. Whole Basin Indus and Gangetic Basin Sub-Basins
• PODIUM-Sim for the whole
IG Basin
•WEAP Modelling for
individual Ganges and Indus
basins and scenario building
•SWAT/ SWAP Models for
Sub-Basins
Major challenge: inaccessible river
flow data, transboundary nature
16. TRWR and per capita water resources in the Indus and Gangetic
IGB basins TRWR Per capita water resources (m3/person)
(km3) 1990 2000 2025 2050
Indus- India 97 2487 2109 1590 1732
Indus- Pakistan 190 1713 1332 761 545
Ganga - India 663 1831 1490 969 773
Water resources potential and availability of the Indian portion of IGB
Water Resources Indus Ganges Total IGB
(India)
Average annual surface water potential (km3) 73.3 523.0 596.3
Estimated Utilizable flow excluding ground water (km3) 46.0 250.0 296.0
Total replenishable ground water resources (km3) 26.5 171.0 197.5
Per Capita available water (m3) 2382 1951 2166.5
Static fresh ground water resource (km3) of IG Basin
River Alluvium/ Unconsolidated Hard Total
Basin Rocks Rocks
Indus 1,334.9 3.3 1,338.2
Ganga 7,769.1 65 7,834.1
17. Gorai-River Catchment
Study the effect of
upstream water resource
development and as well
as the influence of land use
change on the hydrology
and water balance of the
Gorai River Catchment
500
1965-75 1990-99
400
Flow (MCM)
300
200
Average monthly inflow to the Gorai
100
Catchment measured at Gorai
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec railway-bridge at two time periods
Month
18. WP3: Water Productivity Analysis
Cai, Bharat, Upali, Gias, Susana, Asad
Water Productivity
• Basin performance on agril. water
utlisation
- Crop (livestock, fish ) water productivity kg/m3
- Water value-adding $/m3
- Net value/costs
Factors affecting water productivity
Scope for WP Improvement
How well is the water used?
19. Crop Dominance Map
Introd.
Data A “crop dominance map” of namely year
LULC 2008 shows major crops rice and wheat
Prod. area, and other mixed croplands. Watering
Water sources are also given for IGB map.
Results
Plan
20. Water Productivity Maps
Rice productivity (kg/m3)
Introd.
Data
LULC
Mean AVG SDV Min Max
Prod.
0.618 0.618 0.306 0.09 2.5
Water
Results
Plan
21. Other Studies completed, ongoing…….
• Spatio-temporal analysis of district level
rice productivity in Bangladesh
• Water productivity in Rechna-Doab in
Pakistan
• Fish water productivity and poverty in
Bangladesh
• District-level foodgrain water productivity
for India
22. WP4: Institutional Analysis
( Tushaar, Aditi, Dhruba, Sanjiv…RPS)
Policies and Institutions
Water Farming
Land rights Infrastructure
Water rights Water policies
Governance Energy policies Supply chains
Who ‘handles’ the water? What enables farmer to improve productivity?
23. Understanding the impact of selected
economic and legal variables
Impact of
rising diesel
prices on
agricultural
water use
3-5
8-10 m ha
Extent and cost of different sources of irrigation in India
24. Additional Studies……
• Water Control and Land-Lease Markets in
India and Nepal
• Policy and Legal Analysis for IG basin
Countries
25. WP5: Analysis of Interventions
(Bharat, Rajinder,Cai,Asad, Gias..)
Set of physical, institutional
and policy level
interventions having
potential of significantly
improving productivity and
livelihoods
•Water allocation analysis
•Land use change analysis
•Best water management
practices analysis
26. Some potential interventions………..
• Resource conservation (including laser land leveling)
technologies in western IG basin
•Lining of water courses in IBIS (Pakistan)
•Multiple water use systems in Eastern Gangetic basin
•Improved fisheries management in Bangladesh
•Making optimum use of areas afflicted with salinity and
waterlogging
•Potential of improved water management practices in
Eastern Gangetic basin
27. WP6: Knowledge Management and Impact
Pathways (Matin, Bharat and all)
Component Function
Data Management Data acquisition, Collation of spatial data,
prepare metadata
Access to existing Knowledge harvesting, Sharing
knowledge
Knowledge Investigation, analysis, synthesis
Development
Application Informed Decision making
Knowledge Publication, communication, Knowledge portal
Dissemination development
28. Project Work Packages - Relationship
WP-6: Knowledge
WP-5: Intervention
management
Analysis
WP-1: Understand the WP-3: Understand
WP-2: Understand WP-4: Institutional
nature and location water productivity across
water availability Analysis
of water poverty the basin
29. IMPACT PATHWAY – NETWORK MAP – Nepal
WB, UN PC Nepal
UNDP 3
CPWF
2
☺ MOWR
2
WECS
PSC 2
IWMI
GWB
MOA
2 ☺
NGO’s/
Consult 2☺
ants
DOI/CB
1☺ MOLD
S/DIHM RFAI
FO/WUA/ /NARC
WG 1☺ 2☺ 2☺
1☺
District WSDA
Farmer UNIV’s level
s/ WG ☺ GO/INGO 2☺
1☺ ’s
2
Green – Funding agency, Blue – Research partner, ☺-Receptive Numbers show
Red- Scale out of products on the ground, -Neutral degree of importance
Black – Scale up of products at the policy level -No so receptive for change
30. Structure of the Meeting
• After this Session, session on Water Poverty followed by lunch
• In all there shall be six sessions devoted to each of the work
packages
•In each sessions there shall be few in-house presentations and
some very interesting presentations by the potential partners.
•Style- highly relaxed and informal
•Today evening- we shall have a relaxation hour followed by
dinner
•Tomorrow morning the sessions shall begin at 0900 and hope to
be completed by 1630 hours.
31. Tushaar SHAH
Taming the Anarchy:
Groundwater Governance
in South Asia
Appointment as IWMI
Fellow
Congrats!
!!