Rural Market
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The document provides a brief profile of rural India, highlighting that around 75% of India's population lives in rural villages. It notes that rural India is heterogeneous with many ethnic groups and languages. Around 55% of rural income comes from agriculture. Infrastructure in rural areas lags urban areas, with only around half of rural households having access to electricity. Literacy rates have risen in rural areas but education levels remain lower than in urban centers on average.
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[Rural marketing]
The document discusses rural marketing in India. It defines rural as areas with populations under 5,000 and where 75% of males work in agriculture. Rural marketing involves all aspects of bringing a farm commodity to market. Key features of rural markets include their large, scattered size; diverse socioeconomics; agriculture-based income; and traditional outlook. The document outlines strategies for rural marketing, including addressing availability, affordability, acceptability, and awareness. It also discusses the rural consumer profile and strategies to motivate rural consumers.
Rural Marketing
This document provides an overview of rural marketing in India. It discusses the evolution of rural marketing from the 1960s to present day, characteristics of rural markets, importance and scope of rural marketing, differences between rural and urban consumers, factors influencing rural consumer behavior, and rural consumer tastes compared to urban tastes. Key points include that 75% of India's population lives in rural areas, rural markets have high growth potential, environmental, personal, psychological, cultural and social factors all influence rural consumer behavior, and rural consumers prefer bold colors and entertainment like folk performances compared to urban preferences.
Rural marketing
This document discusses rural marketing in India. It defines rural marketing as developing, pricing, promoting, and distributing rural-specific products and services to satisfy consumer needs in rural areas while achieving business objectives. It notes that over 70% of Indians live in rural areas, making the rural market very large. It provides examples of companies that have tailored products and services for rural consumers, such as affordable soaps, refrigerators, and mobile apps that provide farming information.
Rural marketing
This document discusses rural marketing in India. It defines rural marketing as a two-way process involving the flow of goods from urban to rural areas and vice versa, as well as within rural areas. Rural marketing focuses on agricultural inputs and outputs. The rural market in India has great potential and is large, diverse and scattered. Common products marketed in rural India include consumer goods like soap, batteries, and farm inputs like fertilizers. The rural market is growing in importance due to increasing rural incomes and purchasing power. Many major companies have established rural marketing operations targeting this potential market.
Marketing To Rural India
Rural India has been a neglected sector by Corporate world. Because of various challenges like very little incomes, lack of infrastructures, illiteracy levels and media darkness, Rural India was always a no no for Corporates. But in Last 10 years with Indian government increasing its spending, Rural consumers income is increasing. Rural India has surprised all by coming safe from the worst hit recession of human life.
HLL , Hero Honda, ITC are reaping benefits of being the first to travel road no one travelled.
Rural Marketing
The document discusses rural marketing in India. It notes that rural areas make up a large portion of India's population and market, and outlines some of the key characteristics of rural consumers including traditional outlooks, rising literacy, and diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. It also discusses challenges of rural marketing like lack of infrastructure and the benefits for companies in tapping this attractive market segment. Specific initiatives by companies like HUL to better reach rural customers through micro-enterprise programs and last-mile distribution networks are also examined.
Rural marketing in India
The document discusses rural India and its rural markets. It states that rural India contributes significantly to India's population, income, expenditure, and savings. It notes that rural markets are growing faster than urban markets in consumer durable goods. It highlights some myths about rural India, such as the misconceptions that rural income only comes from agriculture and that rural growth is slow. It also outlines some of the key differences between rural and urban markets in India. Finally, it discusses approaches to effectively marketing to rural consumers in India.
Rural Marketing - An Insight
Intro, Process of Rural Marketing, Significance of Rural Marketing, Rural Consumer, Strategies to capture Rural Market, Marketing Mix, Rural Product Categories & Strategies, Consumer Adoption Process, Branding in Rural India, Fake Brands, Fake Market, Distribution Models - FMGC Companies,NIrma, Durable Goods Companies, Fake Products, Noteworthy Success Stories.
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[Rural marketing]
The document discusses rural marketing in India. It defines rural as areas with populations under 5,000 and where 75% of males work in agriculture. Rural marketing involves all aspects of bringing a farm commodity to market. Key features of rural markets include their large, scattered size; diverse socioeconomics; agriculture-based income; and traditional outlook. The document outlines strategies for rural marketing, including addressing availability, affordability, acceptability, and awareness. It also discusses the rural consumer profile and strategies to motivate rural consumers.
Rural Marketing
This document provides an overview of rural marketing in India. It discusses the evolution of rural marketing from the 1960s to present day, characteristics of rural markets, importance and scope of rural marketing, differences between rural and urban consumers, factors influencing rural consumer behavior, and rural consumer tastes compared to urban tastes. Key points include that 75% of India's population lives in rural areas, rural markets have high growth potential, environmental, personal, psychological, cultural and social factors all influence rural consumer behavior, and rural consumers prefer bold colors and entertainment like folk performances compared to urban preferences.
Rural marketing
This document discusses rural marketing in India. It defines rural marketing as developing, pricing, promoting, and distributing rural-specific products and services to satisfy consumer needs in rural areas while achieving business objectives. It notes that over 70% of Indians live in rural areas, making the rural market very large. It provides examples of companies that have tailored products and services for rural consumers, such as affordable soaps, refrigerators, and mobile apps that provide farming information.
Rural marketing
This document discusses rural marketing in India. It defines rural marketing as a two-way process involving the flow of goods from urban to rural areas and vice versa, as well as within rural areas. Rural marketing focuses on agricultural inputs and outputs. The rural market in India has great potential and is large, diverse and scattered. Common products marketed in rural India include consumer goods like soap, batteries, and farm inputs like fertilizers. The rural market is growing in importance due to increasing rural incomes and purchasing power. Many major companies have established rural marketing operations targeting this potential market.
Marketing To Rural India
Rural India has been a neglected sector by Corporate world. Because of various challenges like very little incomes, lack of infrastructures, illiteracy levels and media darkness, Rural India was always a no no for Corporates. But in Last 10 years with Indian government increasing its spending, Rural consumers income is increasing. Rural India has surprised all by coming safe from the worst hit recession of human life.
HLL , Hero Honda, ITC are reaping benefits of being the first to travel road no one travelled.
Rural Marketing
The document discusses rural marketing in India. It notes that rural areas make up a large portion of India's population and market, and outlines some of the key characteristics of rural consumers including traditional outlooks, rising literacy, and diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. It also discusses challenges of rural marketing like lack of infrastructure and the benefits for companies in tapping this attractive market segment. Specific initiatives by companies like HUL to better reach rural customers through micro-enterprise programs and last-mile distribution networks are also examined.
Rural marketing in India
The document discusses rural India and its rural markets. It states that rural India contributes significantly to India's population, income, expenditure, and savings. It notes that rural markets are growing faster than urban markets in consumer durable goods. It highlights some myths about rural India, such as the misconceptions that rural income only comes from agriculture and that rural growth is slow. It also outlines some of the key differences between rural and urban markets in India. Finally, it discusses approaches to effectively marketing to rural consumers in India.
Rural Marketing - An Insight
Intro, Process of Rural Marketing, Significance of Rural Marketing, Rural Consumer, Strategies to capture Rural Market, Marketing Mix, Rural Product Categories & Strategies, Consumer Adoption Process, Branding in Rural India, Fake Brands, Fake Market, Distribution Models - FMGC Companies,NIrma, Durable Goods Companies, Fake Products, Noteworthy Success Stories.
Rural market ppt by rajorsi
The document discusses rural marketing in India. It defines rural marketing and discusses the rural consumer market, including classifications of rural consumers based on economic status. It also covers characteristics of rural consumers and marketing challenges in rural areas. Some key points made include that rural marketing became important after economic liberalization in the 1990s in India, and that understanding rural consumers who differ from urban consumers is a main challenge for marketers. Distribution remains a large problem for reaching rural areas due to infrastructure issues and remoteness. The document also provides examples of successful rural marketing strategies and initiatives by companies like ITC and HUL.
RURAL MARKETING
Rural markets in India offer significant opportunities but also have unique challenges compared to urban markets. Rural consumers have lower incomes and literacy, more seasonal demand, and lack access to infrastructure and information. To effectively market in rural areas, companies must segment consumers, develop appropriate products, pricing, and distribution suited to the local context. While rural marketing was initially focused on agriculture, it now encompasses a wide range of consumer goods and services. Initiatives like ITC's e-Choupal have helped connect farmers in remote villages to information.
Rural marketing mod 3 rural marketing of fmcg's
This document discusses rural marketing of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) in India. It notes that the Indian FMCG industry is the fourth largest in India and is estimated to grow to $74 billion by 2018. It faces several challenges in rural areas, including poor transportation infrastructure, lack of warehousing, high packaging costs, low literacy rates, and seasonal demand. However, some companies have found success through products tailored to rural needs, such as low-voltage TVs and hand-cranked radios. Overall, rural marketing in India offers growth opportunities for FMCG companies but requires an understanding of rural consumers' characteristics and challenges.
Rural Marketing
Rural Marketing is a very interesting Concept, because rural Marketing is different as compare to developed cities.there are different Challenges in rural market like, Less population, Roads Connectivity, Internet Connection, Internet Speed, Infrastructure, Purchasing power and so on...
There are number of challenges and some big companies come with different ideas for the development of villages and for their own Branding.
RURAL MARKETING
Rural marketing involves assessing, stimulating, and converting the purchasing power in rural areas. It manages all activities related to moving products and services to rural consumers. While traditionally associated with agriculture, rural marketing also includes non-agricultural pursuits. The urban market is saturated, so the next five years belong to rural marketing. Rural markets are growing faster than urban ones due to factors like population size, rising prosperity, and lifestyle changes. However, reaching rural consumers remains a challenge due to issues like infrastructure, literacy levels, and understanding rural mindsets. Some companies having success in rural marketing include HLL, Coca-Cola, Amul, and ITC.
Indian rural market (potentital or paradox)
Rural India has seen significant growth in connectivity and access to services like cellular networks, satellite TV, internet kiosks, radio, and community radio channels, allowing more effective communication. The rural population also has substantial purchasing power, estimated at over 1 trillion rupees annually. Many companies have launched products, campaigns, and initiatives targeted at rural consumers, focusing on affordability and local needs. These include low-cost smartphones, TVs, appliances, and financial products. Experts say that future growth lies in properly recognizing rural populations as valuable customer markets.
Rural markets.ppt
Rural markets in India offer great potential for growth given that 2/3 of India's population lives in rural areas. Rural India has a large consuming class that accounts for 41% of the middle class and 58% of total disposable income. The size of key rural markets are FMCG at 80,000 crores, durables at 10,000 crores, and agri inputs including tractors at 55,000 crores. Rural consumers have less strict social structures now, improved infrastructure, and more disposable income. Companies need strategic marketing management, research and development, communication, and systematic structures to tap opportunities in rural markets and address challenges like rationalization and marketing indigenous goods.
Rural marketing ppt
This is a presentation on rural marketing covering all the relevant areas like its characteristics, potential, challenges and strategies.
Despite the diverse heterogeneous nature of rural markets. why are marketers ...
This document discusses rural marketing in India. It provides definitions of rural areas according to the Indian census and notes that approximately 75% of India's population lives in rural villages. Rural marketing is defined as managing activities to assess, stimulate and convert rural consumers' purchasing power. The rural market is heterogeneous with many ethnic groups and languages. Marketers are focusing more on rural areas because the population and economy are growing, urban markets are saturated, and connectivity between rural and urban areas is improving. The document also presents a case study of Coca-Cola's successful rural marketing strategy in India, which is based on affordability, acceptability, and availability of products for rural consumers.
Rural marketing
What Rural Marketing is all about!
Two way process of rural marketing.
Potential of rural Marketing.
Characteristics of Rural Marketing.
Rural Marketing Environment
This document summarizes key aspects of the rural marketing environment in India based on Chapter 2 of the textbook "Rural Marketing, 2e". It describes the evolution of rural marketing through four phases from an unorganized market to initiatives focused on rural development. It then analyzes the rural demographic, physical, social, cultural, political, and technological environment. Finally, it examines the rural economic structure including the farm and non-farm sectors, rural enterprises, migration trends, income and expenditure patterns, and changing consumption patterns in rural India.
Opportunities and challenges in indian rural market
The document discusses opportunities and challenges in the Indian rural market. It outlines objectives related to studying the current rural market scenario in India. It examines the scope, needs, features and importance of rural markets. Some key opportunities in rural markets include rising incomes, improved infrastructure, and changing consumption patterns. However, marketers also face challenges such as low literacy, distribution issues, and seasonal demand fluctuations. Innovative rural marketing practices adopted by companies are also described.
Rural marketing 2
The document outlines the evolution of rural marketing in India from an unorganized agricultural market to a growing consumer market, and discusses the rural environment including demographic changes, infrastructure development, and government programs that are transforming rural areas and creating new opportunities for marketers. It also examines the rural economic structure, non-farm activities, employment programs, and infrastructure developments like roads, housing, and telecommunications that are increasing market access and incomes in rural India.
Mkt mgt rural-ppt
Rural India represents a large potential market segment. Major companies like HUL and ITC have developed initiatives targeting rural consumers, like Project Shakti and E-Choupal, which provide income opportunities and market connectivity to rural areas. These programs have helped boost sales in rural India and close the gap with urban consumption patterns. Reaching rural customers requires investment to build awareness of new product categories and overcome barriers like low incomes and lack of infrastructure.
Emerging rural marketing
Rural markets in India are becoming increasingly important as more companies recognize their large potential. Rural consumers now have greater exposure to brands and products through television and are more literate about their options. Several FMCG companies have found success targeting rural consumers through strategies like smaller, affordable packaging and tying up with banks and self-help groups to improve distribution networks in villages. While income levels are lower in rural areas, the population is large and growing middle and high-income households in rural India are expected to double urban India's size, representing a major opportunity for companies able to effectively reach rural consumers.
challenges and opportunities of rural market
- 70% of India's population lives in rural areas, representing a large potential market. However, rural markets face several challenges including lack of infrastructure, low literacy rates, seasonal incomes, cultural differences, and difficulties with distribution and media access.
- Some opportunities in rural markets include improving infrastructure, rising literacy rates due to government programs, increased access to credit and communication technologies, and a decline in poverty levels.
- Marketers must understand the uniqueness of rural areas to effectively tap into the large rural consumer base in India despite the challenges. With innovative marketing strategies tailored to rural needs, substantial growth can be achieved.
Rural mktg mod 3 rural marketing of consumer durables (milon & govind)
The document discusses marketing consumer durables and FMCGs in rural Indian markets. It outlines key distribution channels in rural areas like cooperative societies, public distribution systems, agricultural input dealers, and NGOs. Some related issues for marketing in rural markets include intensified competition, counterfeited goods, consumer awareness, supply chain constraints, and lack of infrastructure. The document suggests effective ways to market in rural India include acquiring Indian brands, utilizing effective media communication, and adopting localized distribution methods.
Rural marketing
The document discusses segmenting rural consumers and the bases for rural market segmentation. It identifies that rural consumers are heterogeneous and segmentation is needed. It outlines socioeconomic, geographic, psychographic, and consumer behavior factors for segmentation. The Thompson Rural Market Index is also summarized, which assesses rural market potential across 26 factors for 355 districts in India.
future of rural market in india
The document discusses the future of rural marketing in India. It notes that over 70% of India's population lives in rural areas, representing a lucrative potential market. While rural markets face challenges like low incomes, seasonal issues, and infrastructure problems, opportunities exist. As rural incomes and literacy rise and infrastructure improves, the gap between urban and rural consumers is decreasing. Marketers can target rural consumers in similar ways to urban consumers, especially the growing young rural population with similar aspirations. With over 600,000 villages and 700 million rural people, India's countryside represents a huge consumer base and marketing opportunity.
Rural marketing potential in india
742 million Indians constituting 138 million households reside in 6, 38,365 villages (Census, 2001). the size of rural market itself speaks of its potential.The current marketing environment and economic scenario have brought the corporate under contemporary roofs of modern India, which is challenging the current standards of segmenting, targeting and reaching the customers. Realistically, India as a nation has come a long way from the place where only urban population which constitutes 20 per cent of customer base for companies are responsible for 80 per cent of their profits. Also rural markets have acquired significance, as the overall growth of economy has resulted into substantial increase in the purchasing power of the rural communities. A survey by India's premier economic research entity, National Council for Applied Economic Research (NCAER) indicates that rise in rural incomes is keeping pace with the rise in urban incomes.
Rural marketing ppt
The document discusses rural marketing in India. It defines rural marketing and describes the two-way flow of products between rural and urban areas. Rural marketing involves transactions between urban marketers and rural consumers as well as agricultural marketing from rural producers to urban markets. Rural marketing has evolved over phases from agricultural marketing pre-1960s to developmental marketing in the 21st century. Key aspects of rural marketing include segmentation, lifestyle analysis, and defining target markets. The rural market plays a significant role in the Indian economy as rural areas account for 74% of India's population and over half of India's income.
Rural marketing
Rural marketing involves assessing, stimulating, and converting purchasing power in rural areas to create demand for products and services. India's vast rural market offers potential for marketers facing urban competition. Rural consumers have customs and behaviors that differ from urban areas. Improving rural incomes, infrastructure, health, education, and employment opportunities can help realize the vision of a modern rural economy. Marketers have entered rural markets by extending existing product distributions or developing separate rural strategies. The growing interest in rural markets is due to their large size, untapped potential, and increasing incomes.
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Rural market ppt by rajorsi
The document discusses rural marketing in India. It defines rural marketing and discusses the rural consumer market, including classifications of rural consumers based on economic status. It also covers characteristics of rural consumers and marketing challenges in rural areas. Some key points made include that rural marketing became important after economic liberalization in the 1990s in India, and that understanding rural consumers who differ from urban consumers is a main challenge for marketers. Distribution remains a large problem for reaching rural areas due to infrastructure issues and remoteness. The document also provides examples of successful rural marketing strategies and initiatives by companies like ITC and HUL.
RURAL MARKETING
Rural markets in India offer significant opportunities but also have unique challenges compared to urban markets. Rural consumers have lower incomes and literacy, more seasonal demand, and lack access to infrastructure and information. To effectively market in rural areas, companies must segment consumers, develop appropriate products, pricing, and distribution suited to the local context. While rural marketing was initially focused on agriculture, it now encompasses a wide range of consumer goods and services. Initiatives like ITC's e-Choupal have helped connect farmers in remote villages to information.
Rural marketing mod 3 rural marketing of fmcg's
This document discusses rural marketing of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) in India. It notes that the Indian FMCG industry is the fourth largest in India and is estimated to grow to $74 billion by 2018. It faces several challenges in rural areas, including poor transportation infrastructure, lack of warehousing, high packaging costs, low literacy rates, and seasonal demand. However, some companies have found success through products tailored to rural needs, such as low-voltage TVs and hand-cranked radios. Overall, rural marketing in India offers growth opportunities for FMCG companies but requires an understanding of rural consumers' characteristics and challenges.
Rural Marketing
Rural Marketing is a very interesting Concept, because rural Marketing is different as compare to developed cities.there are different Challenges in rural market like, Less population, Roads Connectivity, Internet Connection, Internet Speed, Infrastructure, Purchasing power and so on...
There are number of challenges and some big companies come with different ideas for the development of villages and for their own Branding.
RURAL MARKETING
Rural marketing involves assessing, stimulating, and converting the purchasing power in rural areas. It manages all activities related to moving products and services to rural consumers. While traditionally associated with agriculture, rural marketing also includes non-agricultural pursuits. The urban market is saturated, so the next five years belong to rural marketing. Rural markets are growing faster than urban ones due to factors like population size, rising prosperity, and lifestyle changes. However, reaching rural consumers remains a challenge due to issues like infrastructure, literacy levels, and understanding rural mindsets. Some companies having success in rural marketing include HLL, Coca-Cola, Amul, and ITC.
Indian rural market (potentital or paradox)
Rural India has seen significant growth in connectivity and access to services like cellular networks, satellite TV, internet kiosks, radio, and community radio channels, allowing more effective communication. The rural population also has substantial purchasing power, estimated at over 1 trillion rupees annually. Many companies have launched products, campaigns, and initiatives targeted at rural consumers, focusing on affordability and local needs. These include low-cost smartphones, TVs, appliances, and financial products. Experts say that future growth lies in properly recognizing rural populations as valuable customer markets.
Rural markets.ppt
Rural markets in India offer great potential for growth given that 2/3 of India's population lives in rural areas. Rural India has a large consuming class that accounts for 41% of the middle class and 58% of total disposable income. The size of key rural markets are FMCG at 80,000 crores, durables at 10,000 crores, and agri inputs including tractors at 55,000 crores. Rural consumers have less strict social structures now, improved infrastructure, and more disposable income. Companies need strategic marketing management, research and development, communication, and systematic structures to tap opportunities in rural markets and address challenges like rationalization and marketing indigenous goods.
Rural marketing ppt
This is a presentation on rural marketing covering all the relevant areas like its characteristics, potential, challenges and strategies.
Despite the diverse heterogeneous nature of rural markets. why are marketers ...
This document discusses rural marketing in India. It provides definitions of rural areas according to the Indian census and notes that approximately 75% of India's population lives in rural villages. Rural marketing is defined as managing activities to assess, stimulate and convert rural consumers' purchasing power. The rural market is heterogeneous with many ethnic groups and languages. Marketers are focusing more on rural areas because the population and economy are growing, urban markets are saturated, and connectivity between rural and urban areas is improving. The document also presents a case study of Coca-Cola's successful rural marketing strategy in India, which is based on affordability, acceptability, and availability of products for rural consumers.
Rural marketing
What Rural Marketing is all about!
Two way process of rural marketing.
Potential of rural Marketing.
Characteristics of Rural Marketing.
Rural Marketing Environment
This document summarizes key aspects of the rural marketing environment in India based on Chapter 2 of the textbook "Rural Marketing, 2e". It describes the evolution of rural marketing through four phases from an unorganized market to initiatives focused on rural development. It then analyzes the rural demographic, physical, social, cultural, political, and technological environment. Finally, it examines the rural economic structure including the farm and non-farm sectors, rural enterprises, migration trends, income and expenditure patterns, and changing consumption patterns in rural India.
Opportunities and challenges in indian rural market
The document discusses opportunities and challenges in the Indian rural market. It outlines objectives related to studying the current rural market scenario in India. It examines the scope, needs, features and importance of rural markets. Some key opportunities in rural markets include rising incomes, improved infrastructure, and changing consumption patterns. However, marketers also face challenges such as low literacy, distribution issues, and seasonal demand fluctuations. Innovative rural marketing practices adopted by companies are also described.
Rural marketing 2
The document outlines the evolution of rural marketing in India from an unorganized agricultural market to a growing consumer market, and discusses the rural environment including demographic changes, infrastructure development, and government programs that are transforming rural areas and creating new opportunities for marketers. It also examines the rural economic structure, non-farm activities, employment programs, and infrastructure developments like roads, housing, and telecommunications that are increasing market access and incomes in rural India.
Mkt mgt rural-ppt
Rural India represents a large potential market segment. Major companies like HUL and ITC have developed initiatives targeting rural consumers, like Project Shakti and E-Choupal, which provide income opportunities and market connectivity to rural areas. These programs have helped boost sales in rural India and close the gap with urban consumption patterns. Reaching rural customers requires investment to build awareness of new product categories and overcome barriers like low incomes and lack of infrastructure.
Emerging rural marketing
Rural markets in India are becoming increasingly important as more companies recognize their large potential. Rural consumers now have greater exposure to brands and products through television and are more literate about their options. Several FMCG companies have found success targeting rural consumers through strategies like smaller, affordable packaging and tying up with banks and self-help groups to improve distribution networks in villages. While income levels are lower in rural areas, the population is large and growing middle and high-income households in rural India are expected to double urban India's size, representing a major opportunity for companies able to effectively reach rural consumers.
challenges and opportunities of rural market
- 70% of India's population lives in rural areas, representing a large potential market. However, rural markets face several challenges including lack of infrastructure, low literacy rates, seasonal incomes, cultural differences, and difficulties with distribution and media access.
- Some opportunities in rural markets include improving infrastructure, rising literacy rates due to government programs, increased access to credit and communication technologies, and a decline in poverty levels.
- Marketers must understand the uniqueness of rural areas to effectively tap into the large rural consumer base in India despite the challenges. With innovative marketing strategies tailored to rural needs, substantial growth can be achieved.
Rural mktg mod 3 rural marketing of consumer durables (milon & govind)
The document discusses marketing consumer durables and FMCGs in rural Indian markets. It outlines key distribution channels in rural areas like cooperative societies, public distribution systems, agricultural input dealers, and NGOs. Some related issues for marketing in rural markets include intensified competition, counterfeited goods, consumer awareness, supply chain constraints, and lack of infrastructure. The document suggests effective ways to market in rural India include acquiring Indian brands, utilizing effective media communication, and adopting localized distribution methods.
Rural marketing
The document discusses segmenting rural consumers and the bases for rural market segmentation. It identifies that rural consumers are heterogeneous and segmentation is needed. It outlines socioeconomic, geographic, psychographic, and consumer behavior factors for segmentation. The Thompson Rural Market Index is also summarized, which assesses rural market potential across 26 factors for 355 districts in India.
future of rural market in india
The document discusses the future of rural marketing in India. It notes that over 70% of India's population lives in rural areas, representing a lucrative potential market. While rural markets face challenges like low incomes, seasonal issues, and infrastructure problems, opportunities exist. As rural incomes and literacy rise and infrastructure improves, the gap between urban and rural consumers is decreasing. Marketers can target rural consumers in similar ways to urban consumers, especially the growing young rural population with similar aspirations. With over 600,000 villages and 700 million rural people, India's countryside represents a huge consumer base and marketing opportunity.
Rural marketing potential in india
742 million Indians constituting 138 million households reside in 6, 38,365 villages (Census, 2001). the size of rural market itself speaks of its potential.The current marketing environment and economic scenario have brought the corporate under contemporary roofs of modern India, which is challenging the current standards of segmenting, targeting and reaching the customers. Realistically, India as a nation has come a long way from the place where only urban population which constitutes 20 per cent of customer base for companies are responsible for 80 per cent of their profits. Also rural markets have acquired significance, as the overall growth of economy has resulted into substantial increase in the purchasing power of the rural communities. A survey by India's premier economic research entity, National Council for Applied Economic Research (NCAER) indicates that rise in rural incomes is keeping pace with the rise in urban incomes.
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Despite the diverse heterogeneous nature of rural markets. why are marketers ...
Despite the diverse heterogeneous nature of rural markets. why are marketers ...
Opportunities and challenges in indian rural market
Opportunities and challenges in indian rural market
Rural mktg mod 3 rural marketing of consumer durables (milon & govind)
Rural mktg mod 3 rural marketing of consumer durables (milon & govind)
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Rural marketing ppt
The document discusses rural marketing in India. It defines rural marketing and describes the two-way flow of products between rural and urban areas. Rural marketing involves transactions between urban marketers and rural consumers as well as agricultural marketing from rural producers to urban markets. Rural marketing has evolved over phases from agricultural marketing pre-1960s to developmental marketing in the 21st century. Key aspects of rural marketing include segmentation, lifestyle analysis, and defining target markets. The rural market plays a significant role in the Indian economy as rural areas account for 74% of India's population and over half of India's income.
Rural marketing
Rural marketing involves assessing, stimulating, and converting purchasing power in rural areas to create demand for products and services. India's vast rural market offers potential for marketers facing urban competition. Rural consumers have customs and behaviors that differ from urban areas. Improving rural incomes, infrastructure, health, education, and employment opportunities can help realize the vision of a modern rural economy. Marketers have entered rural markets by extending existing product distributions or developing separate rural strategies. The growing interest in rural markets is due to their large size, untapped potential, and increasing incomes.
Rural marketing
The document provides an overview of rural marketing in India. It discusses:
1) Rural marketing is becoming increasingly important as rural markets outpace urban markets in growth. Many companies have made inroads into rural India.
2) Rural consumers have different characteristics than urban consumers due to factors like occupation, income sources, and lifestyle. Their buying behavior is influenced by their culture, reference groups, and available information.
3) Rural and urban markets differ in terms of population density, infrastructure, income stability, and other factors. Marketers must tailor their approaches to address the specific constraints of rural areas.
Rural Marketing, Basics
This document discusses topics related to rural marketing in India. It defines rural marketing and provides an overview of concepts like the classification of rural markets, the distinction between rural and urban markets, and the nature and scope of rural markets. It also discusses emerging areas in rural marketing and government schemes to improve rural infrastructure like road connectivity, electrification, and public distribution systems.
Rural Marketing
The document discusses various companies' initiatives to target and expand into rural Indian markets between June and August 2008. It mentions that Tata Motors, Airtel, Maruti Suzuki, Himalaya, LG Electronics, FMCG companies, Nokia, Bajaj Auto, and insurance companies launched new rural marketing schemes, products, and initiatives during this period, such as smaller dealerships and showrooms, customizing services for farmers, expanding distribution networks, and offering affordable insurance policies tailored for rural customers.
E choupal
The document discusses ITC's eChoupal initiative which sets up ICT kiosks in rural India to provide farmers with local weather and market information. Key aspects include:
1) eChoupal kiosks are located within villages and warehouses to be accessible to farmers, and are managed by trained local farmers.
2) The kiosks provide farmers information on weather forecasts, best farming practices, crop info, market prices and a Q&A forum.
3) This helps farmers overcome issues like fragmented land, monsoon dependence, lack of modern techniques and access to markets. It also improves ITC's supply chain and access to rural markets.
4) The initiative has benefited
Rural marketing in India
This document discusses rural marketing in India. It defines rural marketing as activities where one participant is from a rural area. It explains that companies are increasingly targeting rural markets as they represent untapped potential for mass sales and less competition. Some key factors for success in rural markets include affordability through low prices, generating awareness through radio and demonstrations, ensuring accessibility via mobile vans and campaigns, and gaining acceptance by tailoring advertisements to local perceptions. The document also outlines marketing strategies and innovations for rural areas, and provides statistics on investments being made in the rural market in India, which represents a large portion of the country's population.
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This document discusses key aspects of human resource management in retail organizations. It covers objectives of HR, metrics like employee productivity and turnover. It describes the human resource triad of HR professionals, store managers, and employees working together. It also outlines challenges like managing part-time employees, emphasis on expense control, and diverse workforces. Additionally, it discusses designing organizational structures, matching structures to strategies, and coordinating between merchandise and store management. Finally, it addresses topics like motivating employees, developing skills, managing diversity, and using technology.
Rural market oppurtunities & challenges
This document provides an overview of the rural marketing landscape in India. Some key points:
- The rural market size is estimated at over Rs. 1.23 lakh crore annually and is growing rapidly driven by increasing incomes and infrastructure development.
- Rural consumers are heterogeneous with varying income levels and purchasing behaviors. Brand recognition is often based on visual or numeric cues rather than names.
- There are significant marketing opportunities in rural India due to the low penetration of many product categories currently. Categories like shampoo, biscuits and motorcycles are growing rapidly.
- Reaching remote rural areas and increasing rural incomes present ongoing challenges. Effective use of existing rural infrastructure can help boost access to markets.
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Solving Top 6 Problems of HR in the Retail Industry
Retail in america is a competitive space. With the customers increasingly gravitating towards discount stores and e-commerce websites, and the ever-increasing choices in front of the consumers has turned the retail industry into a warfront.
Among everyone else, HR executives have the responsibility to support their organization here. They have the onus on them to build an engaging workplace that attracts young talent and help design beautiful experiences for the business's customers.
We carefully mixed a set of data that points to the gravity of the situation, the water-cooler conversations that represent the problem and the solutions to 6 major problems that HR Executives are facing in the retail industry.
ITC e-Choupal and Saagar
ITC's e-Choupal initiative aims to directly link rural Indian farmers to the internet for agricultural product procurement. The program involves installing computers with internet access in rural areas to provide farmers with up-to-date market and farming information. Currently, over 6,500 e-Choupals in over 40,000 villages serve more than 4 million farmers and villagers. The initiative aims to reach 100,000+ villages by 2012. In addition to procurement, e-Choupal provides rural distribution of goods and financial services to farmers while creating rural infrastructure and jobs. It has been an innovative strategy for rural market development and wealth creation in India.
E Chaupal Case Study
E-Choupal is an initiative by ITC that set up internet kiosks in rural India to help farmers get access to market prices and sell directly to buyers. Previously, farmers had to sell to commission agents at government-regulated markets which lacked transparency. E-Choupal addresses this by connecting farmers through kiosks, providing real-time prices, and allowing them to sell directly to buyers. Key factors in its success include access to markets, price information, and reducing commission agent margins. The future strategy is expanding to more villages and adding services like insurance.
2.Hrm In Retail
The document discusses organization structure and human resource management in retail. It covers different retail organization structures for single, department, and independent stores. Key topics include identifying tasks in retail organizations, planning retail organization design considering factors like scope and products, and the role of human resource management in functions like hiring, training, and motivating employees.
E choupal ppt
1) e-Choupal is an initiative by ITC Limited that created electronic marketplaces in rural India to connect farmers directly with buyers and provide information.
2) It aimed to reduce inefficiencies and costs in the agricultural supply chain by eliminating intermediaries and allowing farmers to access real-time market prices and best farming practices.
3) Studies showed e-Choupal reduced transaction costs for farmers from 8% to 2% by handling activities like procurement, weighing and storage at local collection centers called e-Choupals.
Rural marketing ppt
This document discusses rural marketing in India. It begins by defining rural marketing and describing how it differs from urban marketing. Key points include:
- Rural areas rely primarily on agriculture as an economic activity while urban areas focus more on manufacturing, trade, and services.
- The rural market is large in size and growing rapidly due to factors like increasing prosperity and consumption among rural populations.
- Reaching rural consumers presents challenges like poor infrastructure and low literacy.
- Several companies have found success marketing to rural Indians, such as Hindustan Unilever through low-cost products and Coca-Cola through universal appeal advertising.
- The rural market remains largely untapped and has great potential for
Rural Marketing
this is about the tremendous oppurtunities and challenges that rural india brings for the marketers of today.
Rural Marketing Strategies
Rural Marketing Strategies
Presentations By Rajendran Ananda Krishnan, https://www.facebook.com/ialwaysthinkprettythings
Rural Consumer
A view towards RURAL Consumers...the way we as marketer should understand and MARKET products in the Rural Market.
Hrm in retail
This document discusses human resource management (HRM) in the retail industry. It covers the importance of HRM from different perspectives, provides an overview of key HRM concepts in retail like identifying roles, recruitment, training, motivation and performance evaluation. It also discusses the role of HR in retail organizations and different organizational structures used like for small independent stores versus large retail chains.
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Solving Top 6 Problems of HR in the Retail Industry
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Rural marketing
1. The document discusses rural marketing in India, noting that rural markets are large but scattered, heterogeneous, and have lower standards of living compared to urban areas.
2. It identifies several opportunities in rural markets, including rising rural prosperity as incomes become more reliable and dependent on non-agricultural sectors, and increasing rural consumption and marketing efforts by companies.
3. However, the document also notes several challenges to rural marketing like poor infrastructure, understanding diverse rural consumer behaviors and communication barriers, and the high costs associated with reaching widespread rural populations.
Rural marketing
Rural marketing in India has evolved over several phases from agricultural marketing to marketing of inputs and now all products and services. It faces many challenges including low literacy, income and infrastructure in rural areas. However, the rural market also has great potential due to its large population and rising prosperity. Successful rural marketing requires understanding rural consumers, improving infrastructure, and employing appropriate media and promotion strategies tailored to rural needs and culture.
Rural Area.pdf
This document discusses rural development and the rural economy in India. It provides details on key rural development schemes and initiatives. Some key points:
- Agriculture and allied sectors employ over half the rural workforce but contribute less than half to India's GDP. The non-farm sector has grown in importance.
- Rural areas contribute significantly to national income and GDP but productivity is lower than urban areas. The gap in rural-urban productivity has narrowed.
- While rural areas account for the majority of the population, this share is declining with urbanization. At the same time, rural areas now contribute over half of India's manufacturing output.
- The structure of the rural economy has diversified away from agriculture towards non
Rural marketing issues, opportunity and challenges
This document discusses the rural marketing landscape in India. It notes that the rural market has grown significantly, with over 740 million rural residents accounting for more than urban consumers. Key opportunities in rural marketing include low product penetration, growing incomes and expenditure among certain demographic segments. Challenges include reaching remote villages, increasing incomes overall, and making effective use of existing rural infrastructure. New forms of large-scale rural retail are emerging as corporates increase long-term commitments to rural areas through dedicated strategies and partnerships.
Ruralmarketing
This document provides an overview of rural marketing in India. It begins with definitions of rural marketing and notes that rural markets make up two-thirds of India's population and generate almost half of national income. It then discusses observations about rural markets, including population distribution and media reach. Subsequent sections cover the rural population distribution across India, factors driving changes in rural demand such as new income sources and expectations, and common companies and products in the rural market. The document concludes with strategies for and challenges to rural marketing.
Your (urban) or not (rural) but our poverty in india
The document discusses poverty in India, defining it as inadequate access to food, shelter, health, education, and vulnerability. It outlines that poverty has many dimensions including income, security, education, and health. It provides the daily calorie requirements used to define the urban and rural poverty lines. It compares urban and rural poverty, noting that rural poverty is often due to agricultural failures while urban poverty can be exacerbated by rural migration. The document also discusses where most of India's poor population lives and common causes of poverty such as low agricultural productivity, corruption, and unequal income distribution. It provides population and poverty statistics for India and proposes solutions like boosting agriculture and motivating youth involvement to alleviate poverty.
Planning for villages -
The document discusses village planning for sustainable development in India. It provides background on India's growing population, with a large majority living in rural areas. Rural areas face many issues like poverty, lack of infrastructure and services, and dependence on agriculture. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 established Panchayati Raj, a 3-tier rural local government system, to empower and involve local communities in planning and development. This was aimed at more effective implementation of programs and decentralization.
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The document discusses the growth of the rural market in India and its potential opportunities for FMCG companies. Some key points:
1. Rural India accounts for over 70% of the population but has low penetration of branded products, representing a major opportunity.
2. Rural incomes are rising as the number of middle-income households grows, increasing rural consumer spending power.
3. The rural FMCG market is already larger than the urban market at $63.5 billion and is growing at 3-4% annually, outpacing urban areas.
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Inclusive growth in india 30 32_48
The document discusses several inclusive growth initiatives undertaken by the Indian government, including Bharat Nirman Yojana, NREGA, and initiatives related to food security, education, financial inclusion, and poverty alleviation. Key programs discussed include rural employment guarantee under NREGA, rural infrastructure development under Bharat Nirman Yojana, and food distribution through PDS and other schemes to ensure food security.
Rural Retail (Research Paper)
This document discusses rural retailing in India and the opportunities it presents. It notes that while urban markets were initially the focus, they became saturated forcing companies to look to rural markets. Rural markets account for 70% of India's population and present significant potential for growth. Characteristics of rural markets include increasing incomes, literacy rates, and family sizes. This has led to rising consumption, especially of factory produced goods, in rural areas presenting lucrative opportunities for retailers.
How Rural Marking is done by FMCG Company
This document provides an overview of the rural market in India and opportunities for FMCG companies. It includes an index listing the document's topics and page numbers. The executive summary discusses the size and growth of India's FMCG sector and untapped potential in rural and developing product categories. The introduction notes that rural markets account for over 70% of India's population and are less impacted by economic fluctuations than urban markets. Government programs are pumping funds into rural infrastructure, education, healthcare, and other areas. Overall, the document outlines the sizable and growing rural consumer market in India and its importance for future development and growth.
Population
The document provides an overview of demographic features and population trends in India according to census data. It discusses the country's high population growth rate, measures taken by the government to control population, and key findings from national censuses over time. Causes of population growth including high birth rates and falling death rates are examined. Government population policies and programs from 1952 onward are also summarized.
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India’s next big thing the rural market
This document discusses the rural market in India. Some key points:
- Rural India constitutes 69% of India's population and has seen growing incomes and consumption.
- Rural markets now account for significant portions of sales across many product categories like FMCG goods, motorcycles, cigarettes.
- Factors driving rural market growth include increasing rural incomes, education levels, IT and infrastructure development, and government policies promoting rural development.
- Reaching rural consumers requires tailored marketing strategies that consider local languages, culture, purchasing behaviors. Promotions through TV, word of mouth, and community events are important.
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PRESENTATION ON WORLD HABITAT DAY By Kulbir Gill
The document summarizes housing and sanitation issues in urban India. It notes that 99% of the country's 24.7 million housing shortage is for economically weaker and low-income groups. Slum populations have grown significantly faster than total urban populations. There is a need for public-private partnerships and affordable housing options to address these challenges. The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission aims to improve infrastructure and provide housing for the urban poor.
Rural marketing unit i- final-converted
This document provides an overview of rural marketing in India. It discusses the evolution of rural marketing from primarily agricultural marketing to a broader market encompassing consumer goods and services. Key characteristics of rural markets include a large population, low literacy rates, traditional outlooks, and inadequate infrastructure. The rural consumer base is diverse with varying economic statuses. While rural markets face challenges such as understanding consumer needs and low incomes, they also provide great potential given the size of the population and rising prosperity in recent decades.
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This document discusses the issues facing smallholder agriculture in India since the Green Revolution. It outlines how the Green Revolution led to monocropping, high external input usage, and viewed farms as factories. This has led to increasing farmer debt, suicide rates, and environmental degradation. The number of cultivators is declining and average landholding sizes are shrinking. Institutional credit to agriculture is declining and many farmers lack access. There is a need to shift away from unsustainable industrial models to more integrated, ecological farming systems suited to local conditions.
130601 sustainaing small holder agriculture
This document discusses the issues facing smallholder agriculture in India since the Green Revolution. It outlines how the Green Revolution led to monocropping, high external input usage, and viewed farms as factories. This has led to increasing farmer debt, suicide rates, and environmental degradation. While the government initially supported agriculture through public institutions and subsidies, this support has reduced over time. Credit access remains low for smallholders, prices are often unremunerative, and insurance programs have problems. Alternative approaches are needed that focus on integrated farming systems, soil health, water conservation, locally-adapted crops, and reducing agrochemical usage.
A project report on rural marketing
This document discusses marketing strategies for rural markets in India. It begins by noting how rural consumers have become more demanding and how a one-size-fits-all urban marketing strategy will not work for rural consumers, who have different priorities. It then provides background on the size and growth of rural markets in India, noting their immense potential given the large rural population and growing incomes. The document emphasizes that properly understanding rural consumers' communication preferences and developing appropriate products and messaging is key to success in rural marketing.
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Rural marketing issues, opportunity and challenges
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More from yashpal01
ITC e-choupal
The document summarizes the ITC eChoupal initiative, which uses internet-enabled computers located in rural village meeting places called choupals to provide farmers with valuable market and agricultural information. By accessing a customized website, farmers can view localized weather forecasts, best farming practices, crop and market prices, and ask questions. This helps farmers make better-informed decisions to increase their incomes. The initiative aims to reduce inefficiencies in the soybean supply chain by eliminating middlemen and empowering farmers through knowledge.
Inventory Control Model
The document discusses inventory control model and concepts for effective supply chain management. It describes the types of materials needed in an industrial unit and importance of materials for plant operations. It then explains the inventory control model which operates based on minimum, maximum, reorder and average stock levels calculated using formulas. Factors influencing inventory control like consumption rate, order quantity, and lead time are also covered.
Inventory Control ABC Analysis
ABC analysis is a technique used to categorize inventory items based on their value of annual consumption. It divides items into three categories: A, B, and C. Category A items account for 10% of inventory items but 70% of total annual consumption. Category B items are 20% of inventory and account for 20% of consumption. The remaining 70% of items are Category C and account for only 10% of total annual consumption. The document provides steps to perform ABC analysis which includes determining annual usage of each item, ranking them based on dollar value, and categorizing into A, B, or C groups. Tables show an example of 10 items categorized using this analysis.
Vendor Selection And Interaction
A vendor should only be added to an approved vendor list after careful consideration so that materials are received on time, at competitive prices, and without issues. It is important to have cooperative relationships with vendors as they provide needed materials and services at reasonable costs and can help in emergencies. When selecting vendors, factors like product range, location, financial stability, technical competence, market reputation, and pricing should be evaluated. Maintaining an approved vendor list helps ensure satisfactory performance and increases competition during the bidding process.
Supply Chain Management
Logistics involves the flow of materials from suppliers to an organization and then out to customers. It includes planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient movement of goods and services. Materials can be both tangible items like raw materials as well as intangible things like information. A supply chain consists of the activities and materials that move through organizations from initial suppliers to final customers.
Sales Promotional Strategies In Rural Market
Dabur uses a training program called Astra to educate its rural shopkeepers on sales and marketing techniques through role-plays performed by actors. The program is conducted in local languages to reach 75% of Dabur's customer base in rural areas. Other companies like Brooke Bond Lipton use magic shows and skits, while Reckitt Benckiser partners with NGOs to educate rural customers. Rural marketing strategies include van campaigns with product demonstrations and samples, as well as targeting opinion leaders.
Rural Marketing Mix
The document discusses the 4 Ps of the rural marketing mix - product, price, place, and promotion. It provides examples of how companies have tailored each element of the marketing mix to suit rural markets. For instance, products are made more utility-focused and available in smaller packaging. Pricing involves low costs and volume to be affordable to villagers. Distribution reaches remote villages using various transport methods. Promotion faces challenges of low population density but utilizes media like TV, radio, and print.
Projects Working In Rural India
The document discusses several projects that provide services and opportunities to rural communities in India. It describes Drishtee, an organization that operates computer-based kiosks staffed by rural entrepreneurs to deliver services like computer education, digital photography, and selling products. It also discusses SKS Microfinance, one of the largest microfinance institutions in India, which provides small loans to help empower poor women and support their small businesses through a group-lending model. The document shares stories of individuals who have benefited from these programs.
HUL Project Shakti
Project Shakti is HUL's rural development initiative that aims to empower underprivileged rural women through income generation and education. It started in 2001 and has expanded to over 80,000 villages across 15 states, providing over 25,000 women entrepreneurs a sustainable monthly income of Rs. 700-1,000. The program trains women to become sales agents for HUL's products and educates communities on health and hygiene through the Shakti Vani program.
Pricing Strategy for Rural Market
The document discusses pricing strategies for rural markets in India. It notes that affordability is determined by income and price. It then outlines various internal and external factors that influence pricing, including costs, objectives, customers, suppliers and competitors. It describes several pricing strategies used by companies to attract rural consumers with lower incomes, such as low price points, no-frills products, refill/reusable packaging, credit facilities, discounts and value engineering.
Akashganga Case Study
Rural marketing involves planning and implementing marketing functions tailored to rural areas. It differs from urban marketing in several key ways, including infrastructure availability, income patterns, lifestyle and culture, accessibility, and media habits. The case study describes Akashganga, a computerized dairy management system that helps farmers increase efficiency and transparency in milk collection and payment. By offering trials, responsive service, and hiring local people, the company was able to gain farmers' trust and succeed in the rural market.
Tqm Slides
The document discusses concepts related to Total Quality Management (TQM) including its philosophy, focus elements, history, and key principles. It describes TQM as a continuous improvement philosophy that aims to satisfy customers and mobilize the entire organization. The document outlines criteria for evaluating organizations, including leadership, strategic planning, customer focus, information analysis, human resource development, process management, and business results. It provides examples of how TQM principles can be applied to areas like strategic planning, customer satisfaction, process management, and human resource development.
Security Analysis
This document discusses key concepts related to security analysis and investment. It outlines the objectives of investment such as safety, regular income, capital gains, and tax savings. It also examines the types of risk associated with investment like systematic and unsystematic risk. Finally, it makes a distinction between expected return (ex-ante) and actual realized return (ex-post).
Risk Analysis & Capital Budgeting
The document discusses two approaches to evaluating risky projects in capital budgeting: the risk adjusted discount rate approach and the certainty equivalent approach. It provides examples of how to apply each approach, including a table of cash flows for two proposals being evaluated with the risk adjusted discount rate approach and a table of expected cash flows and certainty equivalent quotients for a project being evaluated with the certainty equivalent approach. It asks which proposal should be acceptable to the company using the risk adjusted approach and whether the project should be accepted using the certainty equivalent approach.
Meaning Of Business Finance
Financial management deals with acquiring and allocating capital funds to meet a business' financial needs and objectives. It involves making decisions around how large and fast a firm should grow, what assets it should hold, and how it should structure its financing. The traditional approach to financial management focused on raising and administering funds, while the modern approach views it as integral to overall management, involving investment, financing, dividend, and funds requirement decisions aimed at profit maximization, wealth maximization, or stakeholder value.
Demand Forecasting
Demand forecasting involves determining what products are needed, where, when, and in what quantities. It is a customer-focused activity that supports logistics planning like capacity, inventory, and business planning. Demand forecasting techniques can be qualitative like surveys or quantitative like time series analysis and regression models. The choice of technique depends on factors like the time period, data availability, and purpose of the forecast. Effective demand forecasting provides benefits like reduced uncertainties and improved operations.
Meaning Of Business Finance
Financial management deals with acquiring and allocating capital funds to meet a business' financial needs and objectives. It involves making decisions around how large and fast a firm should grow, what assets it should hold, and how it should structure its financing. The traditional approach to financial management focused on raising and administering funds, while the modern approach views it as integral to overall management, involving investment, financing, dividend, and funds requirement decisions aimed at profit maximization, wealth maximization, or stakeholder value.
Cost Of Capital
Cost of capital is the minimum rate of return that a firm must earn on its investments to maintain its market value. It includes the explicit costs like interest on debt and the implicit opportunity costs of foregoing alternative investments. The cost of capital is calculated separately for different sources of capital like debt, preference shares, equity, and retained earnings using various models and weighted averaged to obtain the overall cost based on the firm's capital structure.
Capital Structure
The document discusses various aspects of capital structure including:
- Defining capital structure and the components that make up a company's financial structure
- Approaches to determine the appropriate capital structure such as EBIT-EPS, valuation, and cash flow approaches
- The concept of optimal capital structure which maximizes share price value and minimizes cost of capital
- Different forms of capital structure such as equity only, combinations of equity and debt, etc.
- The concepts of leverage including operating, financial, and combined leverage and how they impact risk and returns
Capital Budgeting
Capital budgeting is the process of evaluating long-term investments to maximize shareholder wealth. It involves assessing projects that require fixed assets operating for over one year. The key evaluation techniques are payback period, net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR), with NPV preferred as it considers total cash flows over time. NPV accepts projects when the present value of inflows exceeds outflows, while IRR accepts projects when the rate of return exceeds the cost of capital.
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Rural Market
- 1. Indian Rural Market: A Brief Profile India lives in her villages. As described by Adi Godrej, Chairman , Godrej Group” The rural consumers is discerning and the rural market is vibrant . At the current of growth , it will soon outstrip the urban market. The rural market is no longer sleeping but we are.”
- 3. Demographic Environment 1971 1981 1991 2001 Total Population(million) 548.2 683.3 848.3 1026.9 Rural population(million) 524.0 628.8 741.6 Rural population to total population 80.1 76.7 74.3 72.2 (Source :Census 2001)
- 4. Distribution of Population by Age Group (2001) Age Groups Rural Urban 0-4 11.5 8.9 5-14 25.7 21.8 15-19 9.5 10.6 20-34 23.1 26.8 35-54 19.7 22.5 55+ 10.5 9.4 Total 100 100 Source: Census of India , 2001
- 5. Education and the Level Demand Lowers levels of education in rural sector (approximately 60 percent of the population lies below the middle education brackets). But change is taking place because the literacy rate in the rural sector has risen 23 percent over the last twenty years. Rural Literacy 1981 1991 2001 % of literates 36 45 59 Source:Census 2001
- 6. Education in India Education Level Rural Urban Below Primary 31.7 18 Primary but below Middle 29.5 22.9 Middle but below matriculation 16.9 16.3 Matriculation but below Graduates 18.4 29.6 Graduates and Above 3.5 13.2 Source: Census of India , 2001
- 7. Rural Income Distribution Rural India is generating more than half of the national income.India’s 58% disposable income comes from its rural parts where 41% of the country’s middle class homes are located Source:Rural Network Rao N.J, Marketing Mastermind, Consumers Class Annual Income 1995-96 in % 2006-07 in % Very Rich Above Rs. 2,15,000 0.3 0.9 Consuming Class Rs.45,001-2,15,000 13.5 25.9 Climbers Rs.22,001-45000 31.6 49.0 Aspirants Rs.16,001-22,000 31.2 14.0 Destitute Rs.16,000& Below 23.4 11.1
- 9. Annual Per Capita Income 1999-2000 (in Rs) All India Highest Lowest Urban 19,407 34,509(Chandigarh) 12,257 (UP) Rural 9,481 27,256( Chandigarh) 5,704 (Orrisa) Urban & rural 12,128 33,408 ( Chandigarh) 7,123 (orrisa) Source : NSSO
- 10. Saving pattern Total %of HHs Rural HHs % of Total HHs Urban % of HHs Households(HHs) 192 138 72 54 26 No.of HHs availing banking Services 68 35.5 42 30.1 27 49.5 Source: RBI bulletin 2003